<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Hyden]]></title><description><![CDATA[Giải thích những câu hỏi sức khỏe thường gặp bằng nghiên cứu gốc — nói rõ bằng chứng cho thấy gì, chưa cho thấy gì và bạn có thể làm gì.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vfjK!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd45f2b63-f691-48f3-8003-e5e0c8cc523f_256x256.png</url><title>Hyden</title><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sat, 17 Oct 2026 02:08:15 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Hyden]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[hydennguyen@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[hydennguyen@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Hyden]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Hyden]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[hydennguyen@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[hydennguyen@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Hyden]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Gàu trên đầu, lang ben trên lưng: cùng một chi nấm, vì sao thành hai bệnh?]]></title><description><![CDATA[N&#7845;m Malassezia c&#243; tr&#234;n da h&#7847;u h&#7871;t m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. V&#7853;y v&#236; sao ch&#7881; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; g&#224;u, b&#7883; lang ben?]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/gau-lang-ben-nam-malassezia</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/gau-lang-ben-nam-malassezia</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2026 16:26:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="native-video-embed" data-component-name="VideoPlaceholder" data-attrs="{&quot;mediaUploadId&quot;:&quot;a3c511d4-c52a-4a38-832b-06c6a906706e&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:null}"></div><p></p><p>Vi&#7871;t ng&#224;y 9/10/2026.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png 1272w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZxNf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63e74b26-b001-45ff-884f-bb7d8ee647b0_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br>G&#224;u v&#224; lang ben d&#237;nh t&#7899;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t chi n&#7845;m, t&#234;n l&#224; Malassezia. Chi n&#7845;m &#7845;y c&#243; s&#7861;n tr&#234;n da h&#7847;u h&#7871;t m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i, k&#7875; c&#7843; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a b&#7883; g&#224;u hay lang ben l&#7847;n n&#224;o [1]. V&#7853;y c&#226;u &#273;&#225;ng h&#7887;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; &#8220;t&#244;i d&#237;nh n&#7845;m g&#236;&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; &#8220;v&#236; sao t&#244;i b&#7883;, c&#242;n ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#7857;m c&#7841;nh th&#236; kh&#244;ng&#8221;.</p><p>&#272;&#7885;c xong b&#224;i n&#224;y b&#7841;n mang v&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ba th&#7913;. Hi&#7875;u v&#236; sao lang ben kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i chuy&#7879;n &#7903; b&#7849;n v&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#226;y. Bi&#7871;t v&#236; sao v&#7871;t tr&#7855;ng c&#242;n &#273;&#243; sau khi b&#244;i thu&#7889;c ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c l&#224; thu&#7889;c h&#7887;ng. V&#224; bi&#7871;t l&#250;c n&#224;o n&#234;n th&#244;i t&#7921; mua thu&#7889;c &#273;&#7875; &#273;i h&#7887;i d&#432;&#7907;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c b&#225;c s&#297;.</p><p>T&#244;i t&#7915;ng ngh&#297; g&#224;u do m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i n&#7845;m, lang ben do m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i kh&#225;c. Hai b&#7879;nh, hai th&#7911; ph&#7841;m. H&#243;a ra t&#244;i sai m&#7897;t n&#7917;a.</p><p><strong>G&#224;u v&#224; lang ben &#273;&#7873;u li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n Malassezia, chi n&#7845;m men s&#7889;ng tr&#234;n da h&#7847;u h&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh. C&#243; n&#7845;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; th&#224;nh b&#7879;nh: c&#242;n t&#249;y b&#227; nh&#7901;n, kh&#237; h&#7853;u n&#243;ng &#7849;m v&#224; c&#417; &#273;&#7883;a. Lang ben kh&#244;ng do &#7903; b&#7849;n, kh&#244;ng l&#226;y, v&#224; sau &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; da c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7847;n v&#224;i th&#225;ng m&#7899;i &#273;&#7873;u m&#224;u l&#7841;i.</strong></p><h2>G&#224;u v&#224; lang ben c&#243; ph&#7843;i do c&#249;ng m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i n&#7845;m kh&#244;ng?</h2><p><strong>C&#249;ng m&#7897;t chi n&#7845;m, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng c&#249;ng m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh. Malassezia l&#224; t&#234;n chung c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u lo&#224;i n&#7845;m men &#432;a ch&#7845;t b&#233;o. Tr&#234;n da &#273;&#7847;u, hai lo&#224;i g&#7863;p nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t l&#224; M. globosa v&#224; M. restricta. Trong m&#7843;ng lang ben, M. globosa c&#361;ng l&#224; lo&#224;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#236;m th&#7845;y nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t. Kh&#225;c nhau n&#7857;m &#7903; v&#249;ng da v&#224; c&#225;ch da ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng.</strong></p><p>Malassezia nghe nh&#432; t&#234;n m&#7897;t con n&#7845;m. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i. N&#243; l&#224; t&#234;n m&#7897;t chi, t&#7913;c c&#7843; m&#7897;t nh&#243;m lo&#224;i h&#7885; h&#224;ng, ki&#7875;u nh&#432; chi cam chanh c&#243; cam, c&#243; chanh, c&#243; b&#432;&#7903;i.</p><p>Tr&#234;n da &#273;&#7847;u, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24792417/">nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u b&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng c&#7911;a Hiruma &#7903; Nh&#7853;t (2014)</a> m&#244; t&#7843; <em>M. globosa</em> v&#224; <em>M. restricta</em> l&#224; hai lo&#224;i chi&#7871;m &#432;u th&#7871; [3]. &#7902; lang ben, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12171443/">Aspiroz v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2002)</a> ph&#226;n l&#7853;p n&#7845;m t&#7915; da 79 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n T&#226;y Ban Nha: <em>M. globosa</em> c&#243; m&#7863;t &#7903; 90% t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng, <em>M. sympodialis</em> &#7903; 41% [4]. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16634886/">M&#7897;t nh&#243;m &#7903; Hy L&#7841;p (2006)</a>, tr&#234;n 109 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n, c&#361;ng th&#7845;y <em>M. globosa</em> &#273;&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u [5].</p><p>N&#234;n tin t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;u? Lo&#7841;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y ch&#7881; &#273;&#7871;m xem trong t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng c&#243; lo&#224;i n&#224;o: n&#7845;m c&#243; m&#7863;t, ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c n&#7845;m g&#226;y ra. C&#7843; hai &#273;&#7873;u l&#224;m &#7903; Nam &#194;u, v&#224; nh&#243;m Hy L&#7841;p t&#7921; ghi r&#7857;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; m&#7895;i v&#249;ng m&#7895;i kh&#225;c [5].</p><h2>V&#236; sao em b&#233; v&#7915;a ch&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; c&#243; n&#7845;m tr&#234;n da?</h2><p><strong>V&#236; Malassezia l&#224; c&#432; d&#226;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a da, v&#224; b&#233; nh&#7853;n n&#7845;m t&#7915; m&#7865; ngay ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u. Trong m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#7903; Nh&#7853;t tr&#234;n 27 tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh, 89% m&#7851;u da &#273;&#227; c&#243; d&#7845;u v&#7871;t n&#7845;m ngay ng&#224;y ch&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i [2]. C&#243; n&#7845;m kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i c&#243; b&#7879;nh.</strong></p><p>N&#259;m 2012, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300401/">m&#7897;t nh&#243;m b&#225;c s&#297; &#7903; Tokyo</a> lau da c&#7911;a 27 em b&#233; v&#224; m&#7865; c&#225;c em, r&#7891;i t&#236;m DNA c&#7911;a n&#7845;m su&#7889;t th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7901;i [2]. Ng&#224;y ch&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i, 89% m&#7851;u da c&#7911;a b&#233; &#273;&#227; c&#243; Malassezia; m&#7897;t ng&#224;y sau l&#224; 100% [2]. Ki&#7875;u gen n&#7845;m tr&#234;n da b&#233; kh&#7899;p v&#7899;i n&#7845;m tr&#234;n da m&#7865;: con nh&#7853;n n&#7845;m t&#7915; m&#7865; ngay trong nh&#7919;ng gi&#7901; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n [2]. Hai m&#432;&#417;i b&#7843;y em b&#233; l&#224; con s&#7889; nh&#7887;, v&#224; x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m n&#224;y t&#236;m d&#7845;u v&#7871;t DNA ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng t&#236;m b&#7879;nh.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng n&#243; kh&#7899;p v&#7899;i <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23698366/">b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; n&#7845;m tr&#234;n da &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n </a><em><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23698366/">Nature</a></em><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23698366/"> n&#259;m 2013</a>: trong 14 v&#7883; tr&#237; da l&#7845;y m&#7851;u &#7903; 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, 11 v&#7883; tr&#237; thu&#7897;c th&#226;n m&#236;nh v&#224; c&#225;nh tay do Malassezia chi&#7871;m &#432;u th&#7871; [6].</p><p>G&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y c&#242;n c&#243; m&#7897;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;i xa h&#417;n. N&#259;m 2025, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40233753/">nh&#243;m c&#7911;a Kowalski</a> nu&#244;i c&#225;c m&#7849;u da ng&#432;&#7901;i trong ph&#242;ng th&#237; nghi&#7879;m, cho n&#7845;m <em>M. sympodialis</em> b&#225;m l&#234;n tr&#432;&#7899;c r&#7891;i m&#7899;i th&#7843; t&#7909; c&#7847;u v&#224;ng v&#224;o: m&#7849;u da c&#243; n&#7845;m b&#7883; vi khu&#7849;n b&#225;m &#237;t h&#417;n r&#245; [7]. &#272;&#7915;ng v&#7897;i m&#7915;ng. Da l&#7845;y t&#7915; 4 ng&#432;&#7901;i hi&#7871;n, nu&#244;i trong &#273;&#297;a, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i da tr&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang s&#7889;ng [7]. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;y ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; b&#7887; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;, c&#361;ng ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u n&#7845;m th&#236; da c&#224;ng kh&#7887;e.</p><p>Da kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i n&#417;i duy nh&#7845;t c&#243; vi sinh v&#7853;t s&#7889;ng chung v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. &#7902; d&#7841; d&#224;y c&#361;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;i t&#234;n quen, t&#244;i &#273;&#227; vi&#7871;t ri&#234;ng: <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/vi-khuan-hp-ung-thu-da-day">vi khu&#7849;n HP v&#224; ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y</a>.</p><h2>V&#236; sao c&#249;ng m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i n&#7845;m m&#224; &#273;&#7847;u b&#7883; g&#224;u, l&#432;ng l&#7841;i b&#7883; lang ben?</h2><p><strong>V&#236; hai v&#249;ng da ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng theo hai ki&#7875;u. &#7902; da &#273;&#7847;u, n&#7845;m ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i b&#227; nh&#7901;n th&#224;nh c&#225;c acid b&#233;o g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng, da &#273;&#225;p l&#7841;i b&#7857;ng ng&#7913;a v&#224; bong v&#7843;y. &#7902; l&#432;ng v&#224; ng&#7921;c, n&#7845;m chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; d&#7841;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o n&#7845;m men sang d&#7841;ng s&#7907;i, t&#7841;o nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;ng v&#7843;y m&#7883;n nh&#7841;t ho&#7863;c s&#7851;m m&#224;u h&#417;n da xung quanh.</strong></p><p>Da &#273;&#7847;u l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#224;n ti&#7879;c b&#227; nh&#7901;n. Theo <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16382662/">b&#224;i t&#7893;ng quan c&#7911;a Ro v&#224; Dawson (2005)</a>, Malassezia &#259;n ph&#7847;n ch&#7845;t b&#233;o n&#243; th&#237;ch v&#224; b&#7887; l&#7841;i ph&#7847;n n&#243; ch&#234;, trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; c&#225;c acid b&#233;o kh&#244;ng no [8]. Ch&#237;nh ph&#7847;n th&#7915;a &#7845;y ng&#7845;m v&#224;o da, g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng, ng&#7913;a v&#224; bong v&#7843;y [8]. Th&#7913; l&#224;m b&#7841;n g&#227;i kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n l&#224; con n&#7845;m, m&#224; l&#224; m&#226;m c&#417;m th&#7915;a c&#7911;a n&#243;. M&#7897;t l&#432;u &#253;: Dawson l&#224; nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a P&amp;G, h&#227;ng c&#243; d&#7847;u g&#7897;i tr&#7883; g&#224;u Head &amp; Shoulders.</p><p>Lang ben l&#224; chuy&#7879;n kh&#225;c h&#7859;n. Theo <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11702314/">t&#7893;ng quan c&#7911;a Faergemann (2000)</a>, g&#7863;p n&#243;ng, &#7849;m, da d&#7847;u ho&#7863;c m&#7891; h&#244;i nhi&#7873;u, n&#7845;m &#273;&#7893;i h&#236;nh d&#7841;ng: t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o n&#7845;m men ri&#234;ng l&#7867; sang d&#7841;ng s&#7907;i [9]. C&#243; l&#7869; v&#236; v&#7853;y m&#224; b&#7879;nh g&#7863;p nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n &#7903; v&#249;ng nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7899;i [9]. M&#7843;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; ng&#7921;c, l&#432;ng tr&#234;n, c&#225;nh tay tr&#234;n, c&#7893; ho&#7863;c b&#7909;ng; tr&#234;n da n&#226;u ch&#250;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7841;t h&#417;n v&#249;ng xung quanh, tr&#234;n da tr&#7855;ng l&#7841;i ng&#7843; h&#7891;ng, &#273;&#7887; ho&#7863;c n&#226;u nh&#7841;t [1]. Vi&#7879;t Nam n&#7857;m &#273;&#250;ng trong v&#249;ng kh&#237; h&#7853;u &#7845;y, nh&#432;ng t&#244;i ch&#432;a t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t &#273;&#7911; tin c&#7853;y &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o b&#224;i.</p><h2>V&#236; sao c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; g&#224;u, b&#7883; lang ben, c&#242;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c th&#236; kh&#244;ng?</h2><p><strong>V&#236; c&#243; n&#7845;m m&#7899;i l&#224; m&#7897;t trong ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a h&#227;ng P&amp;G m&#244; t&#7843; g&#224;u l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a ba th&#7913;: n&#7845;m Malassezia, b&#227; nh&#7901;n v&#224; &#273;&#7897; nh&#7841;y c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i. V&#7899;i lang ben, n&#243;ng &#7849;m, da d&#7847;u, m&#7891; h&#244;i v&#224; di truy&#7873;n khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7877; b&#7883; h&#417;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do s&#7841;ch hay b&#7849;n.</strong></p><p>V&#7899;i t&#244;i, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i hay nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#7843; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n. N&#7871;u g&#7847;n nh&#432; ai c&#361;ng mang Malassezia, th&#236; ri&#234;ng vi&#7879;c c&#243; n&#7845;m kh&#244;ng gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch n&#7893;i v&#236; sao ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y g&#224;u tr&#7855;ng vai &#225;o, ng&#432;&#7901;i kia t&#243;c s&#7841;ch tr&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2559728,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/219597070?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKvV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf01a9d5-65ef-4d6b-bfa4-4c2a22357521_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>T&#244;i h&#236;nh dung n&#243; nh&#432; m&#7897;t ph&#233;p nh&#226;n:</p><blockquote><p><strong>B&#7879;nh = N&#7845;m &#215; M&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#215; C&#417; &#273;&#7883;a</strong></p></blockquote><p>N&#7845;m th&#236; g&#7847;n nh&#432; ai c&#361;ng c&#243;. M&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; b&#227; nh&#7901;n, n&#243;ng &#7849;m, m&#7891; h&#244;i, ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t &#237;t. C&#417; &#273;&#7883;a l&#224; &#273;&#7897; nh&#7841;y c&#7911;a da, th&#7913; ta g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng ch&#7885;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. M&#7897;t th&#7915;a s&#7889; r&#7845;t nh&#7887; th&#236; t&#237;ch c&#361;ng nh&#7887;. Xin n&#243;i r&#245;: &#273;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch h&#236;nh dung c&#7911;a t&#244;i, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#244;ng th&#7913;c ai &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; &#273;o.</p><p>Ph&#7847;n c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; th&#7871; n&#224;y. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16382685/">Nh&#243;m DeAngelis &#7903; P&amp;G (2005)</a> n&#234;u m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u t&#7915;ng l&#224;m gi&#7899;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#250;ng t&#250;ng: l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#7845;m tr&#234;n &#273;&#7847;u kh&#244;ng &#273;i &#273;&#244;i v&#7899;i chuy&#7879;n c&#243; g&#224;u hay g&#224;u n&#7863;ng nh&#7865; [10]. H&#7885; th&#7917; v&#7899;i acid oleic, &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho c&#225;c acid b&#233;o m&#224; n&#7845;m th&#7843;i ra, v&#224; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng t&#249;y v&#224;o &#273;&#7897; nh&#7841;y c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i [10]. Kh&#225;c nhau kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; n&#7845;m. N&#7857;m &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7853;n. T&#244;i m&#7899;i &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;n t&#243;m t&#7855;t c&#7911;a b&#224;i n&#224;y, ch&#432;a ki&#7875;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia v&#224; li&#7873;u d&#249;ng [10].</p><p>Gen c&#243; th&#7875; chen v&#224;o ra sao th&#236; m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#7903; ru&#7897;t g&#7907;i &#253;. N&#259;m 2019, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30850233/">nh&#243;m c&#7911;a Limon &#7903; Cedars-Sinai</a> th&#7845;y <em>M. restricta</em>, lo&#224;i hay g&#7863;p tr&#234;n da, c&#243; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n &#7903; ni&#234;m m&#7841;c ru&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh Crohn, v&#224; &#273;i k&#232;m v&#7899;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n th&#7875; c&#7911;a gen <em>CARD9</em> [11]. &#272;&#243; l&#224; ru&#7897;t, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i da &#273;&#7847;u, v&#224; m&#7899;i ch&#7881; l&#224; th&#7845;y hai th&#7913; &#273;i c&#249;ng nhau. T&#244;i k&#7875; v&#236; m&#7897;t &#253;: c&#249;ng m&#7897;t lo&#224;i n&#7845;m, ng&#432;&#7901;i mang gen kh&#225;c nhau c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng kh&#225;c h&#7859;n. Ch&#432;a c&#243; &#8220;gen g&#226;y g&#224;u&#8221; n&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh.</p><p>C&#242;n m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u th&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n h&#236;nh dung. NHS, c&#417; quan y t&#7871; qu&#7889;c gia Anh, vi&#7871;t th&#7859;ng: lang ben kh&#244;ng do &#237;t t&#7855;m r&#7917;a v&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#226;y t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i sang ng&#432;&#7901;i [1]. Ng&#432;&#7901;i trong nh&#224; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; h&#7885; s&#7841;ch h&#417;n b&#7841;n.</p><h2>Tr&#7883; lang ben r&#7891;i m&#224; v&#7871;t tr&#7855;ng v&#7851;n c&#242;n, c&#243; ph&#7843;i thu&#7889;c kh&#244;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;?</h2><p><strong>Ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c. Theo NHS, sau khi &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; lang ben, da c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7847;n v&#224;i th&#225;ng m&#7899;i tr&#7903; l&#7841;i m&#224;u b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. V&#7871;t tr&#7855;ng c&#242;n &#273;&#243; v&#236; v&#7853;y ch&#432;a n&#243;i l&#234;n thu&#7889;c c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng hay kh&#244;ng. N&#7871;u m&#7843;ng ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c lan r&#7897;ng ho&#7863;c xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n m&#7843;ng m&#7899;i, h&#227;y nh&#7901; d&#432;&#7907;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c b&#225;c s&#297; xem l&#7841;i.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DYxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57e41370-0214-47f8-b567-66062a2da40f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh s&#7889;t ru&#7897;t nh&#7845;t, v&#224; c&#361;ng d&#7877; tr&#7843; gi&#225; nh&#7845;t. B&#244;i h&#7871;t m&#7897;t &#273;&#7907;t thu&#7889;c, soi g&#432;&#417;ng v&#7851;n th&#7845;y tr&#7855;ng. Th&#7871; l&#224; b&#244;i th&#234;m &#273;&#7907;t n&#7919;a, &#273;&#7893;i thu&#7889;c kh&#225;c, r&#7891;i t&#236;m thu&#7889;c u&#7889;ng. Trong khi m&#224;u da v&#7889;n h&#7891;i ch&#7853;m h&#417;n vi&#7879;c x&#7917; l&#253; n&#7845;m, c&#243; th&#7875; m&#7845;t v&#224;i th&#225;ng [1]. C&#225;i gi&#225; l&#224; th&#7901;i gian, c&#7897;ng th&#234;m nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7907;t thu&#7889;c kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t.</p><p>C&#242;n m&#7897;t c&#225;i gi&#225; l&#7899;n h&#417;n: ch&#7919;a nh&#7847;m b&#7879;nh. B&#7841;ch bi&#7871;n c&#361;ng t&#7841;o m&#7843;ng da &#273;&#7893;i m&#224;u, v&#7843;y n&#7871;n c&#361;ng t&#7841;o m&#7843;ng bong v&#7843;y [1]. B&#244;i thu&#7889;c ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m m&#7845;y th&#225;ng cho m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do n&#7845;m l&#224; m&#7845;t tr&#7855;ng m&#7845;y th&#225;ng &#7845;y.</p><h2>B&#7883; g&#224;u, b&#7883; lang ben th&#236; n&#234;n l&#224;m g&#236;?</h2><p><strong>V&#7899;i g&#224;u, d&#7847;u g&#7897;i ch&#7913;a ketoconazole ho&#7863;c selenium sulfide cho k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7889;t h&#417;n gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c trong th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n. V&#7899;i lang ben, &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ch&#237;nh l&#224; d&#7847;u g&#7897;i ho&#7863;c kem ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m, d&#249;ng theo h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a d&#432;&#7907;c s&#297;. Thu&#7889;c u&#7889;ng ch&#7881; d&#249;ng khi b&#225;c s&#297; k&#234;. Ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c l&#224; lang ben th&#236; &#273;i kh&#225;m tr&#432;&#7899;c.</strong></p><p><strong>N&#7871;u l&#224; g&#224;u.</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8245236/">Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Danby (1993)</a>, ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, m&#249; &#273;&#244;i, tr&#234;n 246 ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; g&#224;u v&#7915;a &#273;&#7871;n n&#7863;ng: d&#7847;u g&#7897;i ketoconazole 2% v&#224; selenium sulfide 2,5% &#273;&#7873;u gi&#7843;m g&#224;u, gi&#7843;m ng&#7913;a t&#7889;t h&#417;n d&#7847;u g&#7897;i gi&#7843; [13]. C&#7843; 9 tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p t&#225;c d&#7909;ng ph&#7909; ghi nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7873;u thu&#7897;c nh&#243;m selenium sulfide [13]. M&#7913;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng: th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#227; h&#417;n ba m&#432;&#417;i n&#259;m tu&#7893;i.</p><p><strong>N&#7871;u l&#224; lang ben.</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9843006/">Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Lange (1998)</a>, ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, m&#249; &#273;&#244;i, tr&#234;n 312 ng&#432;&#7901;i, cho d&#249;ng d&#7847;u g&#7897;i ketoconazole 2% tr&#234;n v&#249;ng da b&#7879;nh m&#7897;t ng&#224;y ho&#7863;c ba ng&#224;y li&#7873;n [12]. Sau m&#7897;t th&#225;ng, kho&#7843;ng 7 trong 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c th&#7853;t &#273;&#7841;t ti&#234;u ch&#237; kh&#7887;i (73% v&#224; 69%), c&#242;n nh&#243;m d&#7847;u g&#7897;i gi&#7843; l&#224; 5%, t&#7913;c 1 trong 20 [12]. T&#225;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u thu&#7897;c Janssen, h&#227;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n ketoconazole, v&#224; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ch&#7881; theo d&#245;i 31 ng&#224;y n&#234;n kh&#244;ng tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chuy&#7879;n t&#225;i ph&#225;t [12]. NHS h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n thoa d&#7847;u g&#7897;i ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m l&#234;n v&#249;ng da b&#7879;nh, &#273;&#7875; 10 &#273;&#7871;n 15 ph&#250;t r&#7891;i x&#7843;, ho&#7863;c d&#249;ng kem ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m [1]. S&#7889; l&#7847;n, s&#7889; ng&#224;y th&#236; theo nh&#227;n thu&#7889;c ho&#7863;c l&#7901;i d&#432;&#7907;c s&#297;, &#273;&#7915;ng t&#7921; suy t&#7915; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m.</p><p>Gi&#7919; da tho&#225;ng, thay &#225;o &#432;&#7899;t m&#7891; h&#244;i nghe h&#7907;p l&#253; v&#236; n&#243;ng &#7849;m l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i [9]. Nh&#432;ng t&#244;i ch&#432;a th&#7845;y th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m n&#224;o &#273;o ri&#234;ng vi&#7879;c n&#224;y. M&#7913;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng: suy lu&#7853;n.</p><p><strong>Nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p kh&#244;ng n&#234;n t&#7921; x&#7917; l&#253; &#7903; nh&#224;:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n lang ben.</strong> M&#7843;ng da &#273;&#7893;i m&#224;u c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; b&#7841;ch bi&#7871;n hay v&#7843;y n&#7871;n [1]. &#272;i kh&#225;m tr&#432;&#7899;c, b&#244;i thu&#7889;c sau.</p></li><li><p><strong>M&#7843;ng r&#7897;ng, d&#249;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch m&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7905;, ho&#7863;c t&#225;i &#273;i t&#225;i l&#7841;i.</strong> Thu&#7889;c u&#7889;ng hay &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; duy tr&#236; l&#224; vi&#7879;c b&#225;c s&#297; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh [1]. &#272;&#7915;ng t&#7921; mua thu&#7889;c ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m d&#7841;ng u&#7889;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#272;ang d&#249;ng corticoid d&#224;i ng&#224;y ho&#7863;c suy gi&#7843;m mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch.</strong> &#272;&#226;y l&#224; hai y&#7871;u t&#7889; thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n c&#7911;a lang ben, c&#7847;n b&#225;c s&#297; xem [9].</p></li><li><p><strong>Tr&#7867; nh&#7887;, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang mang thai ho&#7863;c cho con b&#250;.</strong> H&#7887;i d&#432;&#7907;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c b&#225;c s&#297; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi d&#249;ng b&#7845;t c&#7913; thu&#7889;c ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m n&#224;o. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng chung, kh&#244;ng r&#250;t t&#7915; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u trong b&#224;i.</p></li></ul><p>T&#244;i m&#7903; b&#224;i b&#7857;ng hai th&#7911; ph&#7841;m. Gi&#7901; nh&#236;n l&#7841;i, ch&#7859;ng c&#243; th&#7911; ph&#7841;m n&#224;o. Ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#432; d&#226;n c&#361; c&#7911;a da, v&#224; m&#7897;t l&#224;n da ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng theo c&#225;ch ri&#234;ng c&#7911;a n&#243;.</p><p>L&#7847;n t&#7899;i th&#7845;y vai &#225;o l&#7845;m t&#7845;m tr&#7855;ng hay m&#7897;t m&#7843;ng loang tr&#234;n l&#432;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; hai c&#225;ch: ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c truy xem m&#236;nh &#8220;d&#237;nh&#8221; n&#7845;m t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u, ho&#7863;c h&#7887;i xem d&#7841;o n&#224;y da m&#236;nh thay &#273;&#7893;i ch&#7895; n&#224;o. Ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch n&#224;o l&#224; vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p></p><p>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ra-ngoai-troi-co-giam-can-thi-khong">Ra ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#243; gi&#7843;m c&#7853;n th&#7883; kh&#244;ng?</a></p><h2>C&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</h2><p><strong>Lang ben c&#243; l&#226;y kh&#244;ng?</strong> Kh&#244;ng. Theo NHS, lang ben kh&#244;ng l&#226;y t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i sang ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do &#237;t t&#7855;m r&#7917;a. Lo&#7841;i n&#7845;m li&#234;n quan v&#7889;n s&#7889;ng s&#7861;n tr&#234;n da h&#7847;u h&#7871;t m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; kh&#244;ng g&#226;y r&#7855;c r&#7889;i. B&#7879;nh xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n khi n&#7845;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng r&#245; v&#236; sao [1].</p><p><strong>Lang ben bao l&#226;u th&#236; h&#7871;t v&#7871;t tr&#7855;ng?</strong> Kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7889;c c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh. NHS ch&#7881; ghi r&#7857;ng sau &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;, da c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7847;n v&#224;i th&#225;ng m&#7899;i tr&#7903; l&#7841;i m&#224;u b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#224; c&#225;c m&#7843;ng c&#243; th&#7875; t&#225;i ph&#225;t. N&#7871;u t&#225;i ph&#225;t, b&#225;c s&#297; c&#243; th&#7875; cho d&#249;ng l&#7841;i thu&#7889;c c&#361; ho&#7863;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; duy tr&#236;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n d&#7847;u g&#7897;i ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m c&#225;ch v&#224;i tu&#7847;n m&#7897;t l&#7847;n [1].</p><p><strong>V&#236; sao g&#224;u h&#7871;t r&#7891;i l&#7841;i b&#7883; l&#7841;i?</strong> V&#236; d&#7847;u g&#7897;i ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m ch&#7881; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#7845;m, c&#242;n b&#227; nh&#7901;n v&#224; &#273;&#7897; nh&#7841;y c&#7911;a da &#273;&#7847;u v&#7851;n &#7903; &#273;&#243;. Theo t&#7893;ng quan c&#7911;a Faergemann (2000), vi&#234;m da ti&#7871;t b&#227;, d&#7841;ng n&#7863;ng h&#417;n c&#7911;a g&#224;u, r&#7845;t hay t&#225;i ph&#225;t; thu&#7889;c ch&#7889;ng n&#7845;m ch&#7881; k&#233;o d&#224;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7871;n l&#7847;n t&#225;i ph&#225;t k&#7871; ti&#7871;p [9].</p><h2>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</h2><ol><li><p><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pityriasis-versicolor/">NHS: Pityriasis versicolor</a>. Trang h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u. R&#224; so&#225;t l&#7847;n cu&#7889;i 11/3/2026.</p></li><li><p>Nagata R v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300401/">Transmission of the major skin microbiota, Malassezia, from mother to neonate</a>. <em>Pediatrics International</em> 2012;54(3):350-5. Theo d&#245;i 27 c&#7863;p m&#7865; con trong 30 ng&#224;y, x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m DNA. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2012.03563.x">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Hiruma M v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24792417/">Genotype analyses of human commensal scalp fungi, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia restricta on the scalps of patients with dandruff and healthy subjects</a>. <em>Mycopathologia</em> 2014;177(5-6):263-9. B&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng, Nh&#7853;t. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-014-9748-2">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Aspiroz C v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12171443/">Isolation of Malassezia globosa and M. sympodialis from patients with pityriasis versicolor in Spain</a>. <em>Mycopathologia</em> 2002;154(3):111-7. M&#244; t&#7843;, 79 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n lang ben. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1016020209891">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Gaitanis G v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16634886/">Distribution of Malassezia species in pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis in Greece</a>. <em>British Journal of Dermatology</em> 2006;154(5):854-9. M&#244; t&#7843;, 109 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n lang ben v&#224; vi&#234;m da ti&#7871;t b&#227;. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07114.x">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Findley K v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23698366/">Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin</a>. <em>Nature</em> 2013;498(7454):367-70. Gi&#7843;i tr&#236;nh t&#7921; n&#7845;m &#7903; 14 v&#7883; tr&#237; da c&#7911;a 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12171">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Kowalski CH v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40233753/">Skin mycobiota-mediated antagonism against Staphylococcus aureus through a modified fatty acid</a>. <em>Current Biology</em> 2025;35(10):2266-2281.e8. Th&#237; nghi&#7879;m trong ph&#242;ng th&#237; nghi&#7879;m, m&#7849;u da t&#7915; 4 ng&#432;&#7901;i hi&#7871;n. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.055">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Ro BI, Dawson TL. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16382662/">The role of sebaceous gland activity and scalp microfloral metabolism in the etiology of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff</a>. <em>J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc</em> 2005;10(3):194-7. T&#7893;ng quan. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10104.x">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Faergemann J. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11702314/">Management of seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor</a>. <em>American Journal of Clinical Dermatology</em> 2000;1(2):75-80. T&#7893;ng quan. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200001020-00001">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>DeAngelis YM v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16382685/">Three etiologic facets of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis: Malassezia fungi, sebaceous lipids, and individual sensitivity</a>. <em>J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc</em> 2005;10(3):295-7. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a P&amp;G; b&#7843;n t&#243;m t&#7855;t kh&#244;ng n&#234;u c&#7905; m&#7851;u. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10119.x">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Limon JJ v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30850233/">Malassezia Is Associated with Crohn&#8217;s Disease and Exacerbates Colitis in Mouse Models</a>. <em>Cell Host &amp; Microbe</em> 2019;25(3):377-388.e6. Quan s&#225;t tr&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh Crohn, k&#232;m th&#237; nghi&#7879;m t&#7871; b&#224;o v&#224; chu&#7897;t. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.007">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Lange DS v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9843006/">Ketoconazole 2% shampoo in the treatment of tinea versicolor</a>. <em>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</em> 1998;39(6):944-50. Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n &#273;a trung t&#226;m, m&#249; &#273;&#244;i, c&#243; gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c, 312 ng&#432;&#7901;i, theo d&#245;i 31 ng&#224;y. T&#225;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u thu&#7897;c Janssen. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70267-1">DOI</a></p></li><li><p>Danby FW v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8245236/">A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ketoconazole 2% shampoo versus selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo in the treatment of moderate to severe dandruff</a>. <em>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</em> 1993;29(6):1008-12. Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, m&#249; &#273;&#244;i, c&#243; gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c, 246 ng&#432;&#7901;i. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(93)70282-x">DOI</a></p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p> </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tắt màn hình vẫn thức đến 2 giờ sáng: đừng cố tìm thêm mẹo ngủ nữa]]></title><description><![CDATA[Khi m&#7845;t ng&#7911; &#273;&#227; th&#224;nh b&#7879;nh, c&#259;n ph&#242;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#7911; ph&#7841;m ch&#237;nh. Th&#7913; c&#7847;n "hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n l&#7841;i" l&#224; ph&#7843;n x&#7841; gi&#7919;a b&#7897; n&#227;o v&#224; chi&#7871;c gi&#432;&#7901;ng.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/cbt-i-mat-ngu-man-tinh</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/cbt-i-mat-ngu-man-tinh</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2026 09:14:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>C&#224;ng c&#7889; nh&#7855;m m&#7855;t ch&#7901; ng&#7911;, n&#227;o c&#224;ng t&#7881;nh.</p><p>V&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i, sau nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng tr&#7857;n tr&#7885;c, b&#7897; n&#227;o &#273;&#227; h&#7885;c thu&#7897;c m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n x&#7841;: l&#432;ng v&#7915;a ch&#7841;m &#273;&#7879;m l&#224; &#273;&#7847;u &#243;c c&#259;ng nh&#432; d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n. Chi&#7871;c gi&#432;&#7901;ng th&#224;nh n&#417;i t&#7853;p n&#7857;m th&#7913;c. Tr&#225;nh c&#224; ph&#234; hay t&#7855;t &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i v&#7851;n n&#234;n l&#224;m, nh&#432;ng ch&#250;ng ch&#7881; d&#7885;n m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng, kh&#244;ng g&#7905; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7843;n x&#7841; &#7845;y.</p><p>B&#224;i n&#224;y ch&#7881; b&#7841;n c&#225;ch g&#7905;: s&#225;ng mai b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t trang gi&#7845;y, h&#7885;c c&#225;ch r&#7901;i gi&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#250;ng l&#250;c &#273;&#7875; b&#7899;t nh&#7919;ng gi&#7901; n&#7857;m th&#7913;c, v&#224; bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n. C&#225;ch l&#224;m &#273;&#243; t&#234;n l&#224; <strong>CBT-I</strong> &#8212; li&#7879;u ph&#225;p nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c h&#224;nh vi cho m&#7845;t ng&#7911; &#8212; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n y khoa &#7903; M&#7929; v&#224; ch&#226;u &#194;u x&#7871;p l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7847;u tay [1] [2] [3]. Cu&#7889;i b&#224;i l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7845;t ng&#7901;: sau h&#417;n m&#7897;t n&#259;m, m&#7897;t m&#244;n d&#432;&#7905;ng sinh quen thu&#7897;c l&#224; th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n g&#7847;n nh&#432; b&#7855;t k&#7883;p n&#243; [10].</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c nhanh:</strong> M&#7865;o ng&#7911; th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; khi m&#7845;t ng&#7911; k&#233;o d&#224;i, v&#236; kh&#244;ng g&#7905; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#243;i quen n&#7857;m th&#7913;c. CBT-I g&#7905; n&#243; b&#7857;ng nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911;, r&#7901;i gi&#432;&#7901;ng khi kh&#244;ng ng&#7911; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh gi&#7901; n&#7857;m v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; n&#7895;i lo [1] [4]. Nh&#7853;t k&#253; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; s&#225;ng mai; &#273;&#7915;ng t&#7921; &#233;p gi&#7901; ng&#7911; n&#7871;u c&#243; b&#7879;nh n&#7873;n [5].</p><h2>&#272;&#227; l&#224;m &#273;&#7911; m&#7865;o ng&#7911; ngon, v&#236; sao b&#7841;n v&#7851;n n&#7857;m th&#7913;c?</h2><p><strong>V&#236; m&#7865;o v&#7873; c&#224; ph&#234;, &#225;nh s&#225;ng hay gi&#7901; gi&#7845;c kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t s&#7917;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#243;i quen n&#7857;m tr&#7857;n tr&#7885;c &#273;&#227; k&#233;o d&#224;i nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng.</strong> Vi&#7879;n H&#224;n l&#226;m Y h&#7885;c Gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; Hoa K&#7923; kh&#244;ng khuy&#234;n d&#249;ng ri&#234;ng c&#225;c l&#7901;i d&#7863;n &#8220;v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;&#8221; &#273;&#7875; ch&#7919;a m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh [1].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png" width="1456" height="765" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:765,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2058480,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;CBT-I l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7847;u tay cho m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh, k&#7871;t h&#7907;p nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911;, thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch d&#249;ng gi&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; n&#7895;i lo v&#7873; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/217503491?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="CBT-I l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7847;u tay cho m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh, k&#7871;t h&#7907;p nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911;, thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch d&#249;ng gi&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; n&#7895;i lo v&#7873; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;." title="CBT-I l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7847;u tay cho m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh, k&#7871;t h&#7907;p nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911;, thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch d&#249;ng gi&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; n&#7895;i lo v&#7873; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4ap!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3635938e-f17f-46e1-ba31-5413b5a6075e_1730x909.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>CBT-I l&#224; m&#7897;t li&#7879;u tr&#236;nh, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t danh s&#225;ch m&#7865;o tr&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7901; ng&#7911;.</em></p><p>&#8220;V&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;&#8221; l&#224; c&#225;ch g&#7885;i nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i d&#7863;n quen thu&#7897;c: tr&#225;nh c&#224; ph&#234; mu&#7897;n, b&#7899;t r&#432;&#7907;u g&#7847;n gi&#7901; ng&#7911;, gi&#7843;m &#225;nh s&#225;ng v&#224; ti&#7871;ng &#7891;n, gi&#7919; gi&#7901; th&#7913;c t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i &#273;&#7873;u. Ch&#250;ng h&#7919;u &#237;ch khi c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#7845;y &#273;ang qu&#7845;y r&#7889;i gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; l&#224;m h&#7871;t m&#224; v&#7851;n th&#7913;c, c&#7913; th&#234;m m&#7897;t m&#7865;o n&#7919;a ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;.</p><p>Khi <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5060">b&#243;c t&#225;ch t&#7915;ng ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a li&#7879;u tr&#236;nh trong 241 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m</a> v&#7899;i h&#417;n 31.000 ng&#432;&#7901;i, c&#225;c nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y ph&#7847;n d&#7863;n d&#242; v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; v&#7915;a k&#7875; gi&#250;p th&#234;m ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh kh&#7887;i m&#7845;t ng&#7911; [4]. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i d&#7863;n &#7845;y v&#244; &#237;ch. N&#243; ch&#7881; nh&#7855;c: &#273;&#7915;ng nh&#7847;m ph&#7847;n ph&#7909; v&#7899;i to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#225;ch &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;.</p><p>V&#7853;y th&#7913; g&#236; gi&#250;p? Nh&#7919;ng th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#243; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u l&#7907;i &#237;ch g&#7891;m thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch d&#249;ng gi&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m tr&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; suy ngh&#297; khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n c&#224;ng c&#7889; ng&#7911; c&#224;ng c&#259;ng. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#242;n ghi nh&#7853;n l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n, ch&#225;nh ni&#7879;m [4]. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2175">H&#7897;i B&#225;c s&#297; Hoa K&#7923;</a> v&#224; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14035">h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ch&#226;u &#194;u</a> c&#361;ng x&#7871;p CBT-I l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ban &#273;&#7847;u cho m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh [2] [3].</p><p>N&#7871;u kh&#243; v&#224;o gi&#7845;c, hay t&#7881;nh gi&#7919;a &#273;&#234;m ho&#7863;c th&#7913;c qu&#225; s&#7899;m <strong>&#237;t nh&#7845;t ba &#273;&#234;m m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n trong &#237;t nh&#7845;t ba th&#225;ng</strong>, l&#7841;i m&#7879;t ho&#7863;c b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng ban ng&#224;y, &#273;&#243; l&#224; l&#250;c n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#7873; m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh [11].</p><h2>V&#236; sao c&#224;ng n&#7857;m c&#7889;, chi&#7871;c gi&#432;&#7901;ng c&#224;ng khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n t&#7881;nh?</h2><p><strong>Sau nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#234;m tr&#7857;n tr&#7885;c, v&#7915;a l&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7871;m gi&#7901;, lo s&#225;ng mai m&#7879;t, r&#7891;i c&#7889; &#233;p m&#236;nh ng&#7911;.</strong> CBT-I gi&#250;p g&#7855;n l&#7841;i chi&#7871;c gi&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7899;i c&#417;n bu&#7891;n ng&#7911; v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh gi&#7901; n&#7857;m cho ph&#249; h&#7907;p. L&#7883;ch &#273;&#243; ph&#7843;i d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7853;t k&#253; nhi&#7873;u ng&#224;y, kh&#244;ng &#273;o&#225;n t&#7915; m&#7897;t &#273;&#234;m t&#7879; [4] [5].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1732262,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;N&#7857;m c&#7889; ng&#7911; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n n&#227;o g&#7855;n chi&#7871;c gi&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7899;i s&#7921; t&#7881;nh t&#225;o; CBT-I h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n r&#7901;i gi&#432;&#7901;ng khi n&#7857;m th&#7913;c v&#224; ch&#7881; quay l&#7841;i khi bu&#7891;n ng&#7911;.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/217503491?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="N&#7857;m c&#7889; ng&#7911; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n n&#227;o g&#7855;n chi&#7871;c gi&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7899;i s&#7921; t&#7881;nh t&#225;o; CBT-I h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n r&#7901;i gi&#432;&#7901;ng khi n&#7857;m th&#7913;c v&#224; ch&#7881; quay l&#7841;i khi bu&#7891;n ng&#7911;." title="N&#7857;m c&#7889; ng&#7911; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n n&#227;o g&#7855;n chi&#7871;c gi&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7899;i s&#7921; t&#7881;nh t&#225;o; CBT-I h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n r&#7901;i gi&#432;&#7901;ng khi n&#7857;m th&#7913;c v&#224; ch&#7881; quay l&#7841;i khi bu&#7891;n ng&#7911;." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!293_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb796e46f-53f6-460e-bd04-a6c9573a62ae_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>R&#7901;i gi&#432;&#7901;ng khi n&#7857;m th&#7913;c l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7853;p l&#7841;i ph&#7843;n x&#7841;, n&#7871;u vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y ban &#273;&#234;m an to&#224;n v&#7899;i b&#7841;n.</em></p><p>M&#7897;t t&#7889;i ng&#7911; k&#233;m, b&#7841;n l&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7899;m hai ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7875; &#8220;g&#7905; l&#7841;i&#8221;. Nh&#432;ng hai ti&#7871;ng &#7845;y tr&#244;i qua trong c&#7843;nh nh&#236;n &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891;. H&#244;m sau, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n th&#7845;y c&#225;i g&#7889;i l&#224; b&#7841;n nh&#7899; t&#7899;i bu&#7893;i t&#7889;i v&#7915;a r&#7891;i. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u CBT-I mu&#7889;n thay &#273;&#7893;i.</p><ul><li><p><strong>L&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng khi bu&#7891;n ng&#7911;.</strong> N&#7871;u n&#7857;m th&#7913;c l&#226;u, chuy&#7875;n sang m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c y&#234;n t&#297;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#225;nh s&#225;ng d&#7883;u; th&#7845;y bu&#7891;n ng&#7911; m&#7899;i quay l&#7841;i. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c nh&#236;n &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; &#273;&#7875; canh &#273;&#250;ng s&#7889; ph&#250;t [5].</p></li><li><p><strong>B&#7899;t th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m th&#7913;c.</strong> Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7853;t k&#253; &#273;&#7875; ch&#7885;n kho&#7843;ng gi&#7901; n&#7857;m, r&#7891;i n&#7899;i d&#7847;n khi gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; &#7893;n h&#417;n. &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i cu&#7897;c thi xem ai ng&#7911; &#237;t [5].</p></li><li><p><strong>Xem l&#7841;i n&#7895;i lo.</strong> &#8220;Mai ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n h&#7887;ng h&#7871;t&#8221; l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u n&#243; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y m&#236;nh ng&#7911; k&#233;m m&#224; v&#7851;n xoay x&#7903; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, thay v&#236; tranh c&#227;i v&#7899;i chi&#7871;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; l&#250;c n&#7917;a &#273;&#234;m [4].</p></li></ul><p>Ch&#7919; &#8220;nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c&#8221; trong CBT-I n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c th&#7913; ba. Kh&#244;ng ai b&#7843;o b&#7841;n c&#7913; ngh&#297; t&#237;ch c&#7921;c l&#224; s&#7869; ng&#7911; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><h2>Mu&#7889;n th&#7917; CBT-I, s&#225;ng mai b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c g&#236;?</h2><p><strong>Ghi nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911; trong m&#7897;t &#273;&#7871;n hai tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#7921; s&#7917;a l&#7883;ch ng&#7911;.</strong> M&#7895;i s&#225;ng, &#432;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#250;c l&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng, l&#250;c b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ng&#7911;, nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n t&#7881;nh, gi&#7901; th&#7913;c d&#7853;y, gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; tr&#432;a v&#224; thu&#7889;c &#273;ang d&#249;ng. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n th&#7913;c th&#234;m &#273;&#7875; canh ph&#250;t. Nh&#7853;t k&#253; l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho m&#7897;t l&#7883;ch ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i b&#7841;n [5].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1777456,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911; trong m&#7897;t &#273;&#7871;n hai tu&#7847;n gi&#250;p ghi l&#7841;i gi&#7901; n&#7857;m, th&#7901;i gian th&#7913;c, gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; tr&#432;a v&#224; thu&#7889;c &#273;ang d&#249;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh l&#7883;ch ng&#7911;.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/217503491?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911; trong m&#7897;t &#273;&#7871;n hai tu&#7847;n gi&#250;p ghi l&#7841;i gi&#7901; n&#7857;m, th&#7901;i gian th&#7913;c, gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; tr&#432;a v&#224; thu&#7889;c &#273;ang d&#249;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh l&#7883;ch ng&#7911;." title="Nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911; trong m&#7897;t &#273;&#7871;n hai tu&#7847;n gi&#250;p ghi l&#7841;i gi&#7901; n&#7857;m, th&#7901;i gian th&#7913;c, gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; tr&#432;a v&#224; thu&#7889;c &#273;ang d&#249;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh l&#7883;ch ng&#7911;." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8mnH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb74f1e9f-6a0f-4bcf-ae14-007746317a2c_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>M&#7897;t c&#226;y b&#250;t v&#224; v&#224;i &#432;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng l&#224; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u.</em></p><p><strong>M&#7895;i s&#225;ng, ghi ba nh&#243;m th&#244;ng tin:</strong></p><p><strong>Gi&#7901; l&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng, gi&#7901; t&#7855;t &#273;&#232;n, gi&#7901; th&#7913;c d&#7853;y.</strong> &#272;&#7875; th&#7845;y m&#236;nh n&#7857;m tr&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng bao l&#226;u.</p><p><strong>&#431;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#250;c ng&#7911; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#224; nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n t&#7881;nh.</strong> &#272;&#7875; th&#7845;y m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7857;m th&#7913;c &#7903; &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;o trong &#273;&#234;m. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c t&#7915;ng ph&#250;t.</p><p><strong>Ng&#7911; tr&#432;a, c&#224; ph&#234;, thu&#7889;c &#273;ang d&#249;ng.</strong> &#272;&#7875; nh&#236;n ra &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i. Ghi &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t, kh&#244;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7893;i thu&#7889;c.</p><p>Sau &#273;&#243;, ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t <strong>ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh CBT-I c&#243; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c</strong>. N&#7871;u t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#227; h&#7885;c CBT-I, h&#227;y h&#7887;i h&#7885; c&#243; d&#249;ng nh&#7853;t k&#253;, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;ch r&#7901;i gi&#432;&#7901;ng khi n&#7857;m th&#7913;c, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh gi&#7901; n&#7857;m v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; n&#7895;i lo hay kh&#244;ng [1]. M&#7897;t t&#7901; gi&#7845;y d&#7863;n &#273;i ng&#7911; &#273;&#250;ng gi&#7901; ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i to&#224;n b&#7897; CBT-I.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; g&#7847;n nh&#224; th&#236; c&#243; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh s&#7889;, nh&#432;ng c&#7847;n ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t ba lo&#7841;i:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7921; h&#7885;c &#273;&#227; qua th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m:</strong> SleepioRx l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; c&#243; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; v&#224; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#7847;n ki&#7875;m tra tr&#432;&#7899;c [6].</p></li><li><p><strong>&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng t&#7921; ch&#259;m s&#243;c mi&#7877;n ph&#237;:</strong> Insomnia Coach c&#7911;a B&#7897; C&#7921;u chi&#7871;n binh M&#7929; c&#243; l&#7897; tr&#236;nh n&#259;m tu&#7847;n v&#224; nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911;. N&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; d&#249;ng, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; vi&#7879;c kh&#225;m khi c&#7847;n; &#273;&#7915;ng l&#7845;y k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a SleepioRx g&#225;n cho &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng n&#224;y [12]. L&#250;c vi&#7871;t b&#224;i n&#224;y, t&#244;i ch&#432;a t&#236;m th&#7845;y th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#227; c&#244;ng b&#7889; cho ch&#237;nh Insomnia Coach; m&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; [14].</p></li><li><p><strong>&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng d&#249;ng c&#249;ng chuy&#234;n vi&#234;n:</strong> CBT-i Coach &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m &#273;&#7875; d&#249;ng k&#232;m khi b&#7841;n &#273;ang &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; CBT-I v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n, gi&#250;p ghi nh&#7853;t k&#253; v&#224; theo d&#245;i l&#7883;ch ng&#7911;. Nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n ghi r&#245;: d&#249;ng ri&#234;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n [13].</p></li></ul><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7901; c&#244;ng c&#7909; d&#7883;ch gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch ti&#7871;ng Anh trong &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng. Ri&#234;ng vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7875; chatbot t&#7921; &#273;&#7863;t l&#7883;ch r&#250;t ng&#7855;n gi&#7901; n&#7857;m cho m&#236;nh l&#224; chuy&#7879;n kh&#225;c: c&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m n&#234;u &#7903; &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ki&#7875;m tra c&#225;ch l&#224;m &#273;&#243;.</p><h2>CBT-I h&#417;n m&#7865;o ng&#7911; v&#224; thu&#7889;c ng&#7911; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u?</h2><p><strong>CBT-I cho k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7889;t h&#417;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7885;c l&#7901;i d&#7863;n v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; trong c&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y.</strong> C&#242;n so v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c, c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t thu&#7889;c n&#224;o v&#224; theo d&#245;i bao l&#226;u. Ba th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m trong b&#7843;ng d&#249;ng nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o kh&#225;c nhau; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; x&#7871;p m&#7885;i c&#225;ch &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; tr&#234;n c&#249;ng m&#7897;t thang [6] [7] [8].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1601892,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;C&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m cho th&#7845;y CBT-I gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m m&#7845;t ng&#7911; t&#7889;t h&#417;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7885;c l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;; khi so v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c v&#224; th&#7901;i gian theo d&#245;i.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/217503491?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="C&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m cho th&#7845;y CBT-I gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m m&#7845;t ng&#7911; t&#7889;t h&#417;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7885;c l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;; khi so v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c v&#224; th&#7901;i gian theo d&#245;i." title="C&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m cho th&#7845;y CBT-I gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m m&#7845;t ng&#7911; t&#7889;t h&#417;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7885;c l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;; khi so v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c v&#224; th&#7901;i gian theo d&#245;i." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s5xB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cee24e2-9285-4914-b054-e196cb2ecda6_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>B&#7843;ng ch&#7919; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y gi&#7919; s&#7889; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c tra l&#7841;i v&#224; m&#225;y t&#236;m ki&#7871;m &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</em></p><p><strong>1. Ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh s&#7889; SleepioRx so v&#7899;i t&#224;i li&#7879;u v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n</strong> (th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, 336 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; M&#7929;) [6]</p><p><em>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;:</em> Nh&#243;m d&#249;ng &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng gi&#7843;m tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng m&#7845;t ng&#7911; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n nh&#243;m ch&#7881; &#273;&#7885;c t&#224;i li&#7879;u. M&#7913;c ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch t&#7915; trung b&#236;nh &#273;&#7871;n kh&#225; l&#7899;n: d = 0,60 &#7903; tu&#7847;n 10 v&#224; 0,77 &#7903; tu&#7847;n 24 [6].</p><p><em>Ch&#432;a th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n:</em> &#272;i&#7875;m do ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia t&#7921; ch&#7845;m, n&#234;n ch&#432;a lo&#7841;i tr&#7915; h&#7859;n hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng k&#7923; v&#7885;ng. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#432;a so tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i h&#7885;c c&#249;ng chuy&#234;n vi&#234;n, v&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#243; li&#234;n h&#7879; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh v&#7899;i nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n [6].</p><p><strong>2. Gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n gi&#7901; n&#7857;m gi&#432;&#7901;ng do &#273;i&#7873;u d&#432;&#7905;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n, so v&#7899;i t&#224;i li&#7879;u v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;</strong> (th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, 642 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; Anh) [8]</p><p><em>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;:</em> Sau s&#225;u th&#225;ng, &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7845;t ng&#7911; ISI trung b&#236;nh l&#224; 10,9 so v&#7899;i 13,9 [8]. ISI ch&#7845;m t&#7915; 0 &#273;&#7871;n 28, &#273;i&#7875;m th&#7845;p h&#417;n ngh&#297;a l&#224; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng nh&#7865; h&#417;n.</p><p><em>Ch&#432;a th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n:</em> &#272;&#226;y m&#7899;i l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a CBT-I, ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i li&#7879;u tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;.</p><p><strong>3. CBT so v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c ng&#7911; zopiclone</strong> (th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, 46 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 55 tu&#7893;i &#7903; Na Uy) [7]</p><p><em>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;:</em> Hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t ng&#7911;, t&#7913;c ph&#7847;n th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m gi&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; ng&#7911;, c&#7911;a nh&#243;m CBT t&#259;ng t&#7915; 81,4% l&#234;n 90,1% sau s&#225;u th&#225;ng. Nh&#243;m zopiclone gi&#7843;m nh&#7865; t&#7915; 82,3% xu&#7889;ng 81,9% [7]. &#7902; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t ch&#7881; s&#7889;, zopiclone kh&#244;ng kh&#225;c gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p><em>Ch&#432;a th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n:</em> M&#7851;u nh&#7887; v&#224; ch&#7881; so v&#7899;i m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; suy ra CBT-I h&#417;n m&#7885;i thu&#7889;c ng&#7911;.</p><p>Thu&#7889;c v&#7851;n c&#243; ch&#7895; &#273;&#7913;ng. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44470-025-00038-8">H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n AASM n&#259;m 2026</a> &#273;&#432;a ra khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; <em>c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n</em>: ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p CBT-I v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n ch&#7881; d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh th&#234;m thu&#7889;c cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; l&#224;m CBT-I; &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c c&#7911;a b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng c&#242;n th&#7845;p [9]. N&#7871;u &#273;ang d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c ng&#7911;, &#273;&#7915;ng t&#7921; ng&#432;ng d&#7921;a v&#224;o b&#7843;ng n&#224;y.</p><h2>Ai c&#7847;n th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i CBT-I, v&#224; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng c&#242;n thi&#7871;u g&#236;?</h2><p><strong>&#272;&#7915;ng t&#7921; r&#250;t ng&#7855;n gi&#7901; n&#7857;m gi&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7871;u ban ng&#224;y r&#7845;t bu&#7891;n ng&#7911;, d&#7877; ng&#227;, t&#7915;ng co gi&#7853;t, c&#243; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n l&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7921;c ho&#7863;c ph&#7843;i l&#225;i xe.</strong> Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7893;i l&#7883;ch ho&#7863;c ho&#227;n m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n li&#7879;u tr&#236;nh [11]. C&#361;ng &#273;&#7915;ng &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng m&#7885;i &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng mang t&#234;n CBT-I v&#7899;i ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m [6].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1676642,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n t&#7921; r&#250;t ng&#7855;n th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m gi&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7871;u bu&#7891;n ng&#7911; ban ng&#224;y, d&#7877; ng&#227;, t&#7915;ng co gi&#7853;t, c&#243; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n l&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7921;c ho&#7863;c ph&#7843;i l&#225;i xe; l&#7883;ch CBT-I c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh theo t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/217503491?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n t&#7921; r&#250;t ng&#7855;n th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m gi&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7871;u bu&#7891;n ng&#7911; ban ng&#224;y, d&#7877; ng&#227;, t&#7915;ng co gi&#7853;t, c&#243; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n l&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7921;c ho&#7863;c ph&#7843;i l&#225;i xe; l&#7883;ch CBT-I c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh theo t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i." title="Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n t&#7921; r&#250;t ng&#7855;n th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m gi&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7871;u bu&#7891;n ng&#7911; ban ng&#224;y, d&#7877; ng&#227;, t&#7915;ng co gi&#7853;t, c&#243; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n l&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7921;c ho&#7863;c ph&#7843;i l&#225;i xe; l&#7883;ch CBT-I c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh theo t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UPVG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0c324c3b-d29b-499f-834c-d26bb9c9dbb1_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Ghi nh&#7853;t k&#253; l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh gi&#7901; n&#7857;m c&#7847;n t&#237;nh &#273;&#7871;n b&#7879;nh k&#232;m v&#224; an to&#224;n ban ng&#224;y.</em></p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7899; nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7921; h&#7885;c. Ch&#237;nh &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng Insomnia Coach khuy&#234;n h&#7887;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; tr&#432;&#7899;c n&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#243; ng&#432;ng th&#7903; khi ng&#7911;, &#273;&#7897;ng kinh, r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n l&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7921;c, m&#7897;ng du, bu&#7891;n ng&#7911; qu&#225; m&#7913;c ho&#7863;c d&#7877; ng&#227; khi &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y ban &#273;&#234;m [12]. Ng&#225;y to ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#224; th&#7845;y ng&#432;ng th&#7903; c&#361;ng l&#224; l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ch&#226;u &#194;u khuy&#234;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n h&#244; h&#7845;p khi ng&#7911; n&#7871;u nghi ng&#7901; [3].</p><p>V&#224; c&#243; ba gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng n&#234;n gi&#7919; trong &#273;&#7847;u:</p><ul><li><p><strong>M&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho m&#7885;i &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng.</strong> Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m SleepioRx ch&#7913;ng minh k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243;, v&#7899;i ch&#237;nh nh&#243;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7885;n, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh m&#7885;i &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7873;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; [6].</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;Kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y th&#234;m l&#7907;i &#237;ch&#8221; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a &#8220;ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n v&#244; &#237;ch&#8221;.</strong> Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#432;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng ph&#7847;n &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p c&#7911;a l&#7901;i d&#7863;n v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; g&#7847;n nh&#432; b&#7857;ng kh&#244;ng, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n ch&#7915;a ch&#7895; cho m&#7897;t l&#7907;i &#237;ch nh&#7887;; c&#225;c th&#243;i quen r&#245; r&#224;ng &#273;ang c&#7843;n gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; v&#7851;n &#273;&#225;ng s&#7917;a [4].</p></li><li><p><strong>&#272;&#7905; h&#417;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng kh&#7887;i.</strong> &#7902; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m do &#273;i&#7873;u d&#432;&#7905;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n, &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7845;t ng&#7911; trung b&#236;nh sau &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; v&#7851;n l&#224; 10,9 tr&#234;n thang 28 &#273;i&#7875;m [8].</p></li></ul><h2>Sau 15 th&#225;ng, th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n ti&#7871;n g&#7847;n CBT-I ra sao?</h2><p><strong>Sau ba th&#225;ng, CBT-I gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m m&#7845;t ng&#7911; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n.</strong> M&#7897;t n&#259;m sau khi l&#7899;p k&#7871;t th&#250;c, kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch thu h&#7865;p: th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#8220;kh&#244;ng k&#233;m h&#417;n&#8221; &#273;&#7863;t tr&#432;&#7899;c [10]. &#272;&#243; l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; tr&#234;n 200 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 50 tu&#7893;i &#7903; Hong Kong, ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i l&#7901;i h&#7913;a cho m&#7885;i l&#7899;p t&#7853;p [10].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E_LG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa504047c-a68f-4d5a-831a-f28c0aafcd23_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>&#272;i&#7875;m m&#7845;t ng&#7911; ISI gi&#7843;m nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n ngh&#297;a l&#224; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng t&#7921; b&#225;o c&#225;o nh&#7865; h&#417;n [10].</em></p><p>Trong <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2025-084320">th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#259;ng &#7903; </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2025-084320">The BMJ</a></em>, m&#7895;i nh&#243;m h&#7885;c <strong>24 bu&#7893;i trong ba th&#225;ng</strong>, c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n [10]. N&#7871;u m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; &#273;&#7905; s&#7899;m, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ngay cu&#7889;i kh&#243;a nghi&#234;ng r&#245; v&#7873; CBT-I. &#272;&#7871;n th&#225;ng 15, nh&#243;m th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n v&#7851;n c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n th&#234;m, c&#242;n kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch trung b&#236;nh gi&#7919;a hai nh&#243;m nh&#7887; &#273;i [10].</p><p><strong>Cu&#7889;i kh&#243;a (th&#225;ng 3):</strong> &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7845;t ng&#7911; ISI c&#7911;a nh&#243;m CBT-I gi&#7843;m 11,19 &#273;i&#7875;m, nh&#243;m th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 6,67 &#273;i&#7875;m. CBT-I t&#7889;t h&#417;n r&#245; [10].</p><p><strong>M&#7897;t n&#259;m sau (th&#225;ng 15):</strong> nh&#243;m CBT-I gi&#7843;m 10,18 &#273;i&#7875;m, nh&#243;m th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 9,51 &#273;i&#7875;m [10].</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi l&#224;m th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, nh&#243;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7863;t lu&#7853;t: n&#7871;u CBT-I h&#417;n th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n kh&#244;ng qu&#225; 4 &#273;i&#7875;m tr&#234;n thang 28, th&#236; coi th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n l&#224; &#8220;kh&#244;ng k&#233;m h&#417;n&#8221; [10]. Sau 15 th&#225;ng, kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch th&#7921;c t&#7871; ch&#7881; c&#242;n ch&#432;a t&#7899;i 1 &#273;i&#7875;m (0,68) [10]. T&#237;nh c&#7843; sai s&#7889;, CBT-I c&#361;ng h&#417;n kh&#244;ng qu&#225; 2 &#273;i&#7875;m, v&#7851;n n&#7857;m trong ng&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7863;t [10]. Ngh&#297;a l&#224; th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n &#273;&#227; qua &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7913;c &#273;&#7863;t ra &#8212; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#226;y ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n hai c&#225;ch c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#432; nhau.</p><p>N&#7871;u quan t&#226;m m&#244;n t&#7853;p n&#224;y, xem th&#234;m <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/bai-tap-giam-te-nga">b&#224;i v&#7873; th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n v&#224; ph&#242;ng t&#233; ng&#227;</a>. &#272;&#243; l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i kh&#225;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng b&#7893; sung v&#7873; m&#7845;t ng&#7911;.</p><p>Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ch&#7881; l&#224;m &#7903; m&#7897;t n&#417;i; ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i l&#7841;i, ch&#432;a t&#7853;p &#273;&#7873;u, ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng h&#7885;c CBT-I v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; b&#7879;nh m&#7841;n t&#237;nh &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; [10]. <strong>167/200 ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong> c&#242;n tham gia &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#225;ng 15; <strong>31/85</strong> ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; nh&#243;m th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c t&#7853;p, so v&#7899;i <strong>13/82</strong> ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#243;m CBT-I c&#242;n th&#7921;c h&#224;nh k&#7929; n&#259;ng [10]. L&#7899;p c&#243; gi&#225;o vi&#234;n v&#224; vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p ti&#7871;p c&#243; th&#7875; quan tr&#7885;ng. Kh&#244;ng th&#7875; l&#7845;y k&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;y h&#7913;a r&#7857;ng xem v&#224;i video r&#7891;i t&#7853;p m&#7897;t m&#236;nh s&#7869; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng CBT-I.</p><p>N&#7871;u &#273;&#234;m nay l&#7841;i th&#7913;c l&#250;c hai gi&#7901;, b&#7841;n ch&#432;a c&#7847;n ch&#7885;n gi&#7919;a CBT-I v&#224; th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n ngay. S&#225;ng mai, h&#227;y ghi l&#7841;i &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#243; tr&#234;n m&#7897;t trang gi&#7845;y. R&#7891;i t&#236;m ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n CBT-I ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh s&#7889; c&#243; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c, ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. Th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#225;ng c&#226;n nh&#7855;c n&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#237;ch v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; theo &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7899;p; d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;n c&#243; ch&#432;a thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><h3>C&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</h3><p><strong>CBT-I c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; t&#7921; nh&#7911; &#8220;&#273;&#7915;ng lo n&#7919;a&#8221;?</strong> Kh&#244;ng. N&#243; d&#249;ng nh&#7853;t k&#253; ng&#7911;, &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch d&#249;ng gi&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m tr&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; xem l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng suy ngh&#297; khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#233;p m&#236;nh ngh&#297; t&#237;ch c&#7921;c; h&#227;y theo m&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh c&#243; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c [1] [4].</p><p><strong>T&#244;i ch&#7881; ng&#7911; b&#7889;n ti&#7871;ng, c&#243; n&#234;n n&#7857;m gi&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#250;ng b&#7889;n ti&#7871;ng?</strong> &#272;&#7915;ng t&#7921; t&#237;nh t&#7915; m&#7897;t &#273;&#234;m r&#7891;i c&#7855;t gi&#7901; n&#7857;m. L&#7883;ch CBT-I d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7853;t k&#253; nhi&#7873;u ng&#224;y, b&#7879;nh k&#232;m v&#224; m&#7913;c bu&#7891;n ng&#7911; ban ng&#224;y. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n d&#7877; ng&#227;, t&#7915;ng co gi&#7853;t ho&#7863;c ph&#7843;i l&#225;i xe khi m&#7879;t, h&#227;y nh&#7901; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n [5] [11].</p><p><strong>&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237; c&#243; thay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; kh&#244;ng?</strong> Insomnia Coach &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; ch&#259;m s&#243;c; CBT-i Coach d&#249;ng c&#249;ng chuy&#234;n vi&#234;n [12] [13]. SleepioRx c&#243; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ri&#234;ng, nh&#432;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng &#225;p cho hai &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng kia [6]. C&#243; b&#7879;nh k&#232;m, h&#227;y h&#7887;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#7921; ch&#7881;nh gi&#7901; n&#7857;m [11].</p><p><strong>Th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh thay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c CBT-I?</strong> Ch&#432;a. Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Hong Kong th&#7845;y CBT-I gi&#7843;m tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n sau ba th&#225;ng; th&#225;ng 15, th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng &#8220;kh&#244;ng k&#233;m h&#417;n&#8221; [10]. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; d&#7921;a v&#224;o &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921; b&#225;o c&#225;o c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c l&#7899;p c&#243; gi&#225;o vi&#234;n; ch&#432;a th&#7875; &#225;p cho m&#7885;i l&#7899;p t&#7853;p [10].</p><h3>Ngu&#7891;n ch&#237;nh</h3><ol><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8986">Edinger v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n AASM v&#7873; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; h&#224;nh vi v&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; cho m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8986">Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8986">, 2021</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2175">Qaseem v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ACP v&#7873; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2175">Annals of Internal Medicine</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2175">, 2016;165:125&#8211;133</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14035">Riemann v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ch&#226;u &#194;u v&#7873; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; m&#7845;t ng&#7911;, c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t 2023, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14035">Journal of Sleep Research</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14035">, 2023;32:e14035</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5060">Furukawa v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n CBT-I, 241 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, 31.452 ng&#432;&#7901;i, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5060">JAMA Psychiatry</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5060">, 2024;81(4):357&#8211;365</a>.</p></li><li><p>US Department of Veterans Affairs, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n <a href="https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/Encyclopedia/142%2C41436_VA">gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n th&#7901;i gian tr&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng</a> v&#224; <a href="https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/Encyclopedia/142%2C41435_VA">ki&#7875;m so&#225;t k&#237;ch th&#237;ch</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.2196/84323">Prather v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m CBT-I d&#7841;ng s&#7889; (SleepioRx) so v&#7899;i gi&#225;o d&#7909;c v&#7879; sinh gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n, 336 ng&#432;&#7901;i, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.2196/84323">JMIR Mental Health</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.2196/84323">, 2025;12:e84323</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.24.2851">Sivertsen v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m CBT so v&#7899;i zopiclone &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.24.2851">JAMA</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.24.2851">, 2006;295:2851&#8211;2858</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00683-9">Kyle v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m HABIT v&#7873; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n th&#7901;i gian tr&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng do &#273;i&#7873;u d&#432;&#7905;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n, 642 ng&#432;&#7901;i, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00683-9">The Lancet</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00683-9">, 2023;402:975&#8211;987</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44470-025-00038-8">Buysse v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n AASM v&#7873; ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p CBT-I v&#224; thu&#7889;c, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44470-025-00038-8">Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44470-025-00038-8">, 2026</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2025-084320">Siu v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m kh&#244;ng k&#233;m h&#417;n gi&#7919;a th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n v&#224; CBT-I, 200 ng&#432;&#7901;i, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2025-084320">The BMJ</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2025-084320">, 2025;391:e084320</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.healthquality.va.gov/HEALTHQUALITY/guidelines/CD/insomnia/Treating-Insomnia-Patients-Guide-508.pdf">VA/DoD, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh v&#7873; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; m&#7845;t ng&#7911; m&#7841;n t&#237;nh, 2025</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/appvid/mobile/insomnia_coach.asp">VA National Center for PTSD, &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng Insomnia Coach</a>.</p></li><li><p>VA National Center for PTSD, &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng CBT-i Coach: <a href="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/appvid/mobile/cbticoach_app_public.asp">trang gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u</a> v&#224; <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=gov.va.mobilehealth.ncptsd.cbti&amp;hl=en_US">m&#244; t&#7843; c&#7911;a nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n tr&#234;n Google Play</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07083869">ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07083869, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng Insomnia Coach (&#273;ang &#273;&#259;ng k&#253;)</a>.</p></li></ol><p>Ng&#224;y bi&#234;n t&#7853;p: 26/09/2026.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tám ô Flow: Bạn đang ở đâu?]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c: Nh&#236;n to&#7841; &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t n&#234;n &#273;i ngang hay &#273;i d&#7885;c.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tam-vung-trai-nghiem-flow</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tam-vung-trai-nghiem-flow</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 19 Sep 2026 09:26:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5147749,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; 8 &#244; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y (Flow) theo m&#244; h&#236;nh Massimini &amp; Carli (1988), hi&#7875;n th&#7883; hai tr&#7909;c Th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#224; K&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o c&#226;n b&#7857;ng, minh ho&#7841; chi&#7871;c ghim &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883; v&#7883; tr&#237; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh &#273;i ngang hay &#273;i d&#7885;c.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/216416161?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; 8 &#244; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y (Flow) theo m&#244; h&#236;nh Massimini &amp; Carli (1988), hi&#7875;n th&#7883; hai tr&#7909;c Th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#224; K&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o c&#226;n b&#7857;ng, minh ho&#7841; chi&#7871;c ghim &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883; v&#7883; tr&#237; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh &#273;i ngang hay &#273;i d&#7885;c." title="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; 8 &#244; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y (Flow) theo m&#244; h&#236;nh Massimini &amp; Carli (1988), hi&#7875;n th&#7883; hai tr&#7909;c Th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#224; K&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o c&#226;n b&#7857;ng, minh ho&#7841; chi&#7871;c ghim &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883; v&#7883; tr&#237; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh &#273;i ngang hay &#273;i d&#7885;c." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wWOU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5a48f97-881e-4ff2-9f78-8019206a6737_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>S&#417; &#273;&#7891; 8 v&#249;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m (Massimini &amp; Carli, 1988). Ghim to&#7841; &#273;&#7897; &#7903; gi&#7919;a ch&#7881; mang t&#237;nh minh ho&#7841; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883;.</em></p><p>D&#7841;o n&#224;y Flow &#7903; kh&#7855;p n&#417;i. Pixar d&#7921;ng h&#7859;n m&#7897;t c&#245;i ri&#234;ng cho n&#243; trong phim <em>Soul</em>. Clip m&#7897;t ph&#250;t c&#7911;a ch&#7883; Linh v&#7869; n&#243; b&#7857;ng tr&#7909;c t&#7885;a &#273;&#7897;.</p><p>T&#244;i th&#236; th&#232;m tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#273;&#243; nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m &#8212; l&#250;c l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, l&#250;c t&#7853;p &#273;&#224;n, l&#250;c h&#7885;c ngo&#7841;i ng&#7919;, hay l&#250;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t c&#225;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng AI v&#224;o c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c. C&#243; h&#244;m v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. C&#243; h&#244;m ng&#7891;i c&#7843; bu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng v&#224;o n&#7893;i. Ch&#432;a l&#7847;n n&#224;o g&#7885;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#243; ra theo &#253; m&#236;nh.</p><p>Xem video 60 gi&#226;y do Gemini Notebook t&#7921; d&#7921;ng trong clip c&#7911;a ch&#7883; Linh, t&#244;i t&#432;&#7903;ng m&#236;nh v&#7915;a nh&#7863;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng th&#7913;c. Th&#7871; l&#224; b&#7887; th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7885;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7875; ki&#7875;m.</p><p>C&#244;ng th&#7913;c th&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#243;. Nh&#432;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t t&#7845;m b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; &#8212; d&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#417;n c&#244;ng th&#7913;c nhi&#7873;u.</p><p>Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7851;n ngh&#297; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c ch&#7881; c&#243; hai th&#225;i c&#7921;c: ho&#7863;c l&#224; &#8220;v&#224;o Flow&#8221; th&#259;ng hoa, ho&#7863;c l&#224; ch&#225;n ch&#432;&#7901;ng, ph&#226;n t&#226;m. Nh&#432;ng trong t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c th&#7921;c nghi&#7879;m, t&#7845;m b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; &#7845;y th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t chia l&#224;m <strong>t&#225;m v&#249;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m</strong>. T&#7841;i m&#7897;t th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t k&#7923;, b&#7841;n lu&#244;n c&#243; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c ghim &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883; c&#7855;m tr&#234;n &#273;&#243;:</p><ul><li><p>C&#243; l&#250;c b&#7841;n r&#417;i v&#224;o &#244; <strong>Lo l&#7855;ng</strong> hay <strong>Lo &#226;u</strong> v&#236; vi&#7879;c qu&#225; s&#7913;c.</p></li><li><p>C&#243; l&#250;c b&#7841;n tr&#244;i d&#7841;t sang &#244; <strong>Ch&#225;n</strong> ho&#7863;c <strong>Th&#432; gi&#227;n</strong> v&#236; tay l&#224;m nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#227; ng&#225;p.</p></li><li><p>C&#243; l&#250;c b&#7841;n &#7903; &#244; <strong>Ki&#7875;m so&#225;t</strong> &#8212; vi&#7879;c &#234;m xu&#244;i, chu&#7849;n ch&#7881; nh&#432;ng thi&#7871;u ch&#250;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch.</p></li><li><p>V&#224; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c ch&#7841;m v&#224;o &#244; <strong>D&#242;ng ch&#7843;y (Flow)</strong> &#8212; ng&#7849;ng l&#234;n th&#236; hai ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#227; tr&#244;i qua.</p></li></ul><p>Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#226;y l&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7845;u ch&#7889;t: <strong>Chi&#7871;c ghim &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; copy t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i ng&#7891;i c&#7841;nh.</strong></p><blockquote><p>S&#417; &#273;&#7891; d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y &#273;&#7863;t k&#7929; n&#259;ng tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c ngang, th&#7917; th&#225;ch tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c d&#7885;c, chia th&#224;nh t&#225;m v&#249;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m. &#272;i&#7875;m &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;t: m&#7913;c cao hay th&#7845;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh so v&#7899;i m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i chu&#7849;n chung c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh. V&#236; th&#7871;, v&#7883; tr&#237; tr&#234;n b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; l&#224; c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; lu&#244;n d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n theo giai &#273;o&#7841;n [2,4]. M&#7897;t vi&#7879;c l&#224;m &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p to&#225;t m&#7891; h&#244;i c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881; l&#224; v&#249;ng th&#432; gi&#227;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#8212; v&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i.</p></blockquote><p>Quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n c&#7843; vi&#7879;c g&#7885;i t&#234;n c&#7843;m x&#250;c: khi &#273;&#227; c&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chi&#7871;c ghim to&#7841; &#273;&#7897; v&#224;o &#273;&#250;ng &#244;, b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; s&#7869; cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo &#8212; <strong>b&#7841;n n&#234;n &#273;i ngang (luy&#7879;n th&#234;m k&#7929; n&#259;ng) hay &#273;i d&#7885;c (nh&#7853;n th&#234;m &#273;&#7897; kh&#243;)?</strong></p><p>T&#244;i &#273;&#227; t&#243;m t&#7855;t c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7857;ng sau n&#243; r&#7891;i, &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n &#273;&#7905; ph&#7843;i t&#7889;n th&#7901;i gian.</p><p></p><h2><strong>S&#417; &#273;&#7891; d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y &#273;o b&#7857;ng g&#236;, v&#224; g&#7889;c to&#7841; &#273;&#7897; n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#226;u?</strong></h2><blockquote><p>G&#7889;c to&#7841; &#273;&#7897; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i s&#7889; kh&#244;ng, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh. Trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u nh&#7853;t k&#253; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, &#8220;cao&#8221; ngh&#297;a l&#224; cao h&#417;n m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; trong tu&#7847;n kh&#7843;o s&#225;t. Hai ng&#432;&#7901;i ng&#7891;i c&#7841;nh nhau c&#243; th&#7875; &#7903; hai &#244; kh&#225;c nhau khi l&#224;m c&#249;ng m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c [2].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5106867,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Minh h&#7885;a phong c&#225;ch editorial hai nh&#226;n vi&#234;n v&#259;n ph&#242;ng ng&#7891;i c&#7841;nh nhau c&#249;ng l&#224;m b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh Excel nh&#432;ng &#7903; hai tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p: ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i &#244;m &#273;&#7847;u c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng &#7903; &#212; Lo &#226;u v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7841;o vi&#7879;c ng&#7843; l&#432;ng u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234; &#7903; &#212; Ch&#225;n (theo nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Csikszentmihalyi &amp; LeFevre, 1989).&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/216416161?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Minh h&#7885;a phong c&#225;ch editorial hai nh&#226;n vi&#234;n v&#259;n ph&#242;ng ng&#7891;i c&#7841;nh nhau c&#249;ng l&#224;m b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh Excel nh&#432;ng &#7903; hai tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p: ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i &#244;m &#273;&#7847;u c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng &#7903; &#212; Lo &#226;u v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7841;o vi&#7879;c ng&#7843; l&#432;ng u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234; &#7903; &#212; Ch&#225;n (theo nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Csikszentmihalyi &amp; LeFevre, 1989)." title="Minh h&#7885;a phong c&#225;ch editorial hai nh&#226;n vi&#234;n v&#259;n ph&#242;ng ng&#7891;i c&#7841;nh nhau c&#249;ng l&#224;m b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh Excel nh&#432;ng &#7903; hai tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p: ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i &#244;m &#273;&#7847;u c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng &#7903; &#212; Lo &#226;u v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7841;o vi&#7879;c ng&#7843; l&#432;ng u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234; &#7903; &#212; Ch&#225;n (theo nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Csikszentmihalyi &amp; LeFevre, 1989)." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LVhK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff63f8016-24b9-4b79-9812-79e9b0aeed31_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>C&#249;ng m&#7897;t b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh Excel, nh&#432;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i th&#236; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng &#7903; "&#212; Lo &#226;u", c&#242;n ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7841;o vi&#7879;c l&#7841;i ng&#225;p d&#224;i &#7903; "&#212; Ch&#225;n". T&#7885;a &#273;&#7897; d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y &#273;o theo m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n, kh&#244;ng th&#7875; suy t&#7915; vi&#7879;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ng&#7891;i c&#7841;nh &#273;ang l&#224;m g&#236; (Ngu&#7891;n: Csikszentmihalyi &amp; LeFevre, 1989)</em></p></blockquote><p>N&#259;m 1989, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.815">m&#7897;t nh&#243;m &#7903; Chicago</a> ph&#225;t m&#225;y nh&#7855;n tin cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i l&#224;m, c&#224;i k&#234;u ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n b&#7843;y l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y [2]. M&#7895;i l&#7847;n chu&#244;ng reo, ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia ghi l&#7841;i m&#236;nh &#273;ang l&#224;m g&#236;, vi&#7879;c &#273;&#243; kh&#243; t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;u, v&#224; m&#236;nh xoay x&#7903; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;u [2].</p><p>Ch&#7895; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; s&#7889; li&#7879;u. H&#7885; kh&#244;ng so m&#7913;c kh&#243; &#7845;y v&#7899;i thang chung n&#224;o c&#7843;, m&#224; so v&#7899;i <strong>m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; trong tu&#7847;n</strong> [2]. &#8220;Th&#7917; th&#225;ch cao&#8221; ngh&#297;a l&#224; cao h&#417;n c&#225;i b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p>Ba h&#7879; qu&#7843;.</p><p><strong>B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng so &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7919;a hai ng&#432;&#7901;i.</strong> &#212; d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i v&#224;o ngh&#7873; v&#224; c&#7911;a tr&#432;&#7903;ng ph&#242;ng l&#224; hai m&#7913;c kh&#243; kh&#225;c h&#7859;n nhau. Nh&#236;n &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p r&#7891;i suy ra m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#226;u l&#224; d&#249;ng sai c&#244;ng c&#7909;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:106501,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Hai ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng l&#224;m b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; tr&#7909;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; th&#7917; th&#225;ch ri&#234;ng, l&#7845;y m&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y l&#224;m m&#7889;c.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Hai ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng l&#224;m b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; tr&#7909;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; th&#7917; th&#225;ch ri&#234;ng, l&#7845;y m&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y l&#224;m m&#7889;c.&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/216416161?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Hai ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng l&#224;m b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; tr&#7909;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; th&#7917; th&#225;ch ri&#234;ng, l&#7845;y m&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y l&#224;m m&#7889;c." title="Hai ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng l&#224;m b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; tr&#7909;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; th&#7917; th&#225;ch ri&#234;ng, l&#7845;y m&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y l&#224;m m&#7889;c." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yfmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6ceb205-8a8e-47ae-8e23-c0d23063baa2_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>C&#249;ng m&#7897;t c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a c&#249;ng m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m. Trong c&#225;ch chu&#7849;n ho&#225; c&#225; nh&#226;n, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; m&#7889;c so s&#225;nh ri&#234;ng [2].</em></p><p><strong>M&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a b&#7841;n d&#7883;ch theo giai &#273;o&#7841;n, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; theo k&#7929; n&#259;ng.</strong> Vi&#7879;c t&#7915;ng cu&#7889;n m&#224; gi&#7901; th&#7845;y nh&#7841;t &#8212; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; gi&#7887;i l&#234;n, c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; tu&#7847;n n&#224;y b&#7841;n to&#224;n l&#224;m lo&#7841;i vi&#7879;c kh&#225;c. Mu&#7889;n bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh kh&#225; l&#234;n th&#7853;t kh&#244;ng, theo d&#245;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; qua nhi&#7873;u tu&#7847;n. Gi&#7889;ng chuy&#7879;n t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n: <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-giu-co-sau-60">m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n c&#243; &#273;&#7911; gi&#7919; c&#417; kh&#244;ng</a> &#8212; ph&#7843;i nh&#236;n n&#259;ng l&#7921;c &#273;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, kh&#244;ng nh&#236;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c.</p><p><strong>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ng&#7891;i m&#7897;t ch&#7895; nh&#236;n v&#224;o ch&#7913;c danh hay danh s&#225;ch &#273;&#7847;u vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#7903; &#244; n&#224;o</strong>. T&#7885;a &#273;&#7897; n&#224;y ch&#7881; hi&#7879;n ra <strong>ngay gi&#7919;a l&#250;c b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m</strong> &#8212; &#273;&#250;ng nh&#432; c&#225;ch m&#225;y nh&#7855;n tin b&#237;p ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n &#273;&#7875; b&#7855;t qu&#7843; tang c&#7843;m x&#250;c t&#7841;i tr&#7853;n [2].</p><p>C&#225;ch &#273;o n&#224;y d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t ngh&#7883;ch l&#253; r&#7845;t th&#250; v&#7883; m&#224; nh&#243;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#7903; Chicago ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra [2,3]:</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i l&#224;m th&#7921;c ra <strong>ch&#7841;m v&#224;o d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t khi &#273;ang c&#224;y vi&#7879;c</strong>, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c ng&#7891;i r&#7843;nh r&#7895;i. Th&#7871; nh&#432;ng, n&#7871;u h&#7887;i h&#7885; c&#243; mu&#7889;n l&#224;m ti&#7871;p kh&#244;ng, h&#7847;u h&#7871;t &#273;&#7873;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngh&#7881; ho&#7863;c &#273;i ch&#417;i [2,3].</p><p>N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c: <em>&#273;&#7847;u &#243;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;ang c&#7921;c k&#7923; cu&#7889;n v&#224;o c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c, nh&#432;ng t&#226;m l&#253; th&#236; v&#7851;n &#432;&#7899;c m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m vi&#7879;c kh&#225;c.</em></p><p>Hi&#7875;u &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; th&#7845;y: tr&#432;&#7899;c khi n&#7897;p &#273;&#417;n ngh&#7881; vi&#7879;c ch&#7881; v&#236; bu&#244;ng m&#7897;t c&#226;u &#8220;d&#7841;o n&#224;y c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c ch&#225;n qu&#225;&#8221;, h&#227;y t&#225;ch &#273;&#244;i n&#243; ra:</p><blockquote><ol><li><p><strong>Tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#250;c b&#7841;n &#273;ang thao t&#225;c:</strong> b&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;ang v&#224;o Flow, hay &#273;ang ch&#225;n/lo th&#7853;t?</p></li><li><p><strong>C&#7843;m x&#250;c chung v&#7873; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c:</strong> &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#259;n ph&#242;ng, ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; hay &#273;&#7883;nh ki&#7871;n t&#226;m l&#253;?</p></li></ol><p>S&#417; &#273;&#7891; 8 &#244; ch&#7881; &#273;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7871; th&#7913; nh&#7845;t. &#272;&#7915;ng &#273;em s&#7921; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i chung c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#224;y ra &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng gi&#7901; b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c.</p></blockquote><h2><strong>T&#225;m &#244; tr&#244;ng th&#7871; n&#224;o trong m&#7897;t ng&#224;y l&#224;m vi&#7879;c?</strong></h2><blockquote><p>T&#225;m &#244; l&#224; t&#225;m t&#7893; h&#7907;p c&#7911;a &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; t&#225;m c&#7843;nh trong c&#249;ng m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c quen thu&#7897;c, k&#232;m n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng &#244;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;&#7875; h&#236;nh dung m&#244; h&#236;nh, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n; nh&#236;n m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; bi&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#226;u [1,4].</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2384011,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; t&#225;m v&#249;ng Flow: k&#7929; n&#259;ng t&#259;ng sang ph&#7843;i, th&#7917; th&#225;ch t&#259;ng l&#234;n tr&#234;n; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o n&#7889;i th&#7901; &#417; v&#7899;i d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/216416161?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; t&#225;m v&#249;ng Flow: k&#7929; n&#259;ng t&#259;ng sang ph&#7843;i, th&#7917; th&#225;ch t&#259;ng l&#234;n tr&#234;n; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o n&#7889;i th&#7901; &#417; v&#7899;i d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y." title="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; t&#225;m v&#249;ng Flow: k&#7929; n&#259;ng t&#259;ng sang ph&#7843;i, th&#7917; th&#225;ch t&#259;ng l&#234;n tr&#234;n; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o n&#7889;i th&#7901; &#417; v&#7899;i d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!laMt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F678d5967-b2ad-49a3-b4fe-4550b20544f5_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>T&#225;m v&#249;ng tr&#234;n hai tr&#7909;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; th&#7917; th&#225;ch. &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o gi&#250;p &#273;&#7885;c m&#244; h&#236;nh; &#244; gi&#7919;a &#273;&#7875; tr&#7889;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i th&#7913; ch&#237;n. H&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i thang &#273;o [1,4].</em></p><p>Gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c: <strong>l&#224;m b&#225;o c&#225;o doanh thu b&#7857;ng Excel</strong>.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Th&#7901; &#417; &#8212; apathy</strong> <em>(k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#7845;p &#183; th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#7845;p)</em> &#8212; M&#7903; file xem qua, ch&#432;a c&#243; c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;o c&#7847;n gi&#7843;i. Nh&#236;n v&#224;i d&#242;ng r&#7891;i th&#244;i. &#8594; <em>N&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i:</em> &#273;&#7863;t cho m&#236;nh m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; l&#7901;i t&#7915; b&#7843;ng n&#224;y.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ch&#225;n &#8212; boredom</strong> <em>(k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#7915;a &#183; th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#7845;p)</em> &#8212; Ch&#233;p b&#7843;ng gi&#225; y h&#7879;t th&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c. Ch&#7889;c ch&#7889;c nh&#236;n &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891;. &#8594; <em>N&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i:</em> &#273;i d&#7885;c. Th&#234;m v&#224;o vi&#7879;c &#273;&#243; m&#7897;t y&#234;u c&#7847;u b&#7841;n ch&#432;a l&#224;m bao gi&#7901;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Th&#432; gi&#227;n &#8212; relaxation</strong> <em>(k&#7929; n&#259;ng cao &#183; th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#7845;p)</em> &#8212; Ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; r&#7897;ng c&#7897;t tr&#234;n b&#7843;ng quen. Tay l&#224;m, &#273;&#7847;u ngh&#7881;. &#8594; <em>N&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i:</em> &#7903; l&#7841;i. N&#7871;u &#273;ang c&#7847;n ngh&#7881; nh&#7865;, kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i t&#259;ng th&#7917; th&#225;ch.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#8212; control</strong> <em>(k&#7929; n&#259;ng cao &#183; th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#7915;a)</em> &#8212; B&#225;o c&#225;o quen, th&#234;m m&#7897;t ti&#234;u ch&#237; l&#7885;c. V&#7851;n bi&#7871;t r&#245; t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c. &#8594; <em>N&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i:</em> th&#7917; th&#234;m m&#7897;t y&#234;u c&#7847;u v&#7915;a s&#7913;c n&#7871;u mu&#7889;n t&#259;ng th&#7917; th&#225;ch. &#7902; l&#7841;i c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p></li><li><p><strong>D&#242;ng ch&#7843;y &#8212; flow</strong> <em>(k&#7929; n&#259;ng cao &#183; th&#7917; th&#225;ch cao)</em> &#8212; L&#7847;n ra v&#236; sao doanh thu gi&#7843;m; ng&#7849;ng l&#234;n &#273;&#227; hai ti&#7871;ng. &#8594; <em>N&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i:</em> &#273;&#7915;ng &#273;i &#273;&#226;u. D&#7885;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cho n&#243;: t&#7855;t th&#244;ng b&#225;o, gi&#7919; kh&#7889;i th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>H&#432;ng ph&#7845;n &#8212; arousal</strong> <em>(k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#7915;a &#183; th&#7917; th&#225;ch cao)</em> &#8212; Th&#7917; c&#225;ch ph&#226;n t&#237;ch kh&#243; h&#417;n. Hi&#7875;u h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i nh&#432;ng ph&#7843;i d&#7915;ng tra li&#234;n t&#7909;c. V&#7915;a h&#224;o h&#7913;ng v&#7915;a c&#259;ng &#273;&#7847;u. &#8594; <em>N&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i:</em> th&#7917; &#273;i ngang &#8212; luy&#7879;n ph&#7847;n &#273;ang v&#432;&#7899;ng. N&#7871;u vi&#7879;c l&#224;m b&#7841;n c&#259;ng &#273;&#7847;u s&#225;t gi&#7901; ng&#7911;, th&#7917; d&#7901;i s&#7899;m h&#417;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>Lo l&#7855;ng &#8212; worry</strong> <em>(k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#7845;p &#183; th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#7915;a)</em> &#8212; &#272;&#432;&#7907;c giao b&#225;o c&#225;o trong khi m&#7899;i bi&#7871;t nh&#7853;p li&#7879;u. Loay hoay, ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u. &#8594; <em>N&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i:</em> &#273;i ngang. T&#225;ch m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n nh&#7887; b&#7841;n l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, l&#224;m cho th&#7841;o tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p></li><li><p><strong>Lo &#226;u &#8212; anxiety</strong> <em>(k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#7845;p &#183; th&#7917; th&#225;ch cao)</em> &#8212; K&#7929; n&#259;ng y&#7871;u m&#224; ph&#7843;i x&#7917; l&#253; file nhi&#7873;u b&#7843;ng li&#234;n k&#7871;t, s&#7889; li&#7879;u l&#7879;ch. C&#224;ng s&#7917;a c&#224;ng r&#7889;i. &#8594; <em>N&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i:</em> n&#7871;u qu&#225; t&#7843;i, gi&#7843;m y&#234;u c&#7847;u ho&#7863;c nh&#7901; h&#7895; tr&#7907; tr&#432;&#7899;c, r&#7891;i luy&#7879;n ph&#7847;n &#273;ang thi&#7871;u.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>Mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7893;i &#244; th&#236; &#273;i ngang hay &#273;i d&#7885;c?</strong></h2><blockquote><p>Nh&#236;n &#244; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#7879;ch ph&#237;a n&#224;o so v&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o. L&#7879;ch v&#7873; ph&#237;a th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#236; th&#7917; &#273;i ngang: luy&#7879;n ph&#7847;n &#273;ang v&#432;&#7899;ng. L&#7879;ch v&#7873; ph&#237;a k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#236; th&#7917; &#273;i d&#7885;c: nh&#7853;n y&#234;u c&#7847;u kh&#243; h&#417;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c c&#7911;a m&#244; h&#236;nh, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ph&#233;p tr&#7915; hai con s&#7889; [4].</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2623920,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Hai c&#7843;nh l&#224;m Excel: luy&#7879;n ph&#7847;n &#273;ang v&#432;&#7899;ng v&#7899;i m&#361;i t&#234;n sang ph&#7843;i v&#224; th&#234;m th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#7915;a s&#7913;c v&#7899;i m&#361;i t&#234;n h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#234;n.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/216416161?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Hai c&#7843;nh l&#224;m Excel: luy&#7879;n ph&#7847;n &#273;ang v&#432;&#7899;ng v&#7899;i m&#361;i t&#234;n sang ph&#7843;i v&#224; th&#234;m th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#7915;a s&#7913;c v&#7899;i m&#361;i t&#234;n h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#234;n." title="Hai c&#7843;nh l&#224;m Excel: luy&#7879;n ph&#7847;n &#273;ang v&#432;&#7899;ng v&#7899;i m&#361;i t&#234;n sang ph&#7843;i v&#224; th&#234;m th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#7915;a s&#7913;c v&#7899;i m&#361;i t&#234;n h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#234;n." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N640!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ac81d27-ecba-4f89-9ed4-f688176977ee_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Hai h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917;: luy&#7879;n ph&#7847;n &#273;ang v&#432;&#7899;ng ho&#7863;c th&#234;m th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#7915;a s&#7913;c. N&#7871;u qu&#225; t&#7843;i, gi&#7843;m y&#234;u c&#7847;u ho&#7863;c nh&#7901; h&#7895; tr&#7907;; kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;i b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m v&#224;o Flow.</em></p><p>&#272;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7889;i t&#7915; &#244; th&#7901; &#417; l&#234;n &#244; d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y &#8212; n&#417;i hai tr&#7909;c c&#243; m&#7913;c t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng trong m&#244; h&#236;nh. Nh&#236;n m&#236;nh n&#7857;m ph&#237;a n&#224;o c&#7911;a &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#243;.</p><p><strong>Ph&#237;a tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o</strong> &#8212; lo &#226;u, h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n, lo l&#7855;ng &#8212; th&#7917; th&#225;ch &#273;ang v&#432;&#7907;t k&#7929; n&#259;ng. H&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917; l&#224; <strong>&#273;i ngang</strong>: luy&#7879;n &#273;&#250;ng ph&#7847;n &#273;ang v&#432;&#7899;ng.</p><p><strong>Ph&#237;a d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o</strong> &#8212; ch&#225;n, th&#432; gi&#227;n, ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#8212; k&#7929; n&#259;ng &#273;ang v&#432;&#7907;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch. H&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917; l&#224; <strong>&#273;i d&#7885;c</strong>: nh&#7853;n m&#7897;t y&#234;u c&#7847;u kh&#243; h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>Tr&#234;n ch&#237;nh &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o</strong> &#8212; th&#7901; &#417; v&#224; d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y &#8212; hai tr&#7909;c kh&#7899;p nhau, nh&#432;ng &#7903; hai m&#7913;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>M&#7897;t c&#226;u gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n, n&#243;i m&#7897;t l&#7847;n: hai tr&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chu&#7849;n ho&#225; ri&#234;ng, n&#234;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; <strong>c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c c&#7911;a m&#244; h&#236;nh</strong>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ph&#233;p tr&#7915; hai con s&#7889;. N&#243; cho h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n &#8212; v&#224; cho h&#432;&#7899;ng ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng cho kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch. N&#7871;u &#273;ang &#7903; &#244; lo &#226;u, th&#432;&#7901;ng thi&#7871;t th&#7921;c h&#417;n l&#224; gi&#7843;m y&#234;u c&#7847;u ho&#7863;c nh&#7901; h&#7895; tr&#7907; tr&#432;&#7899;c, r&#7891;i luy&#7879;n ph&#7847;n thi&#7871;u.</p><p><strong>Kh&#7899;p nhau kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911;, m&#7913;c m&#7899;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</strong> &#212; th&#7901; &#417; v&#224; &#244; d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y c&#249;ng n&#7857;m tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#233;o, c&#249;ng &#8220;c&#226;n b&#7857;ng&#8221; &#8212; nh&#432;ng ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m kh&#225;c nhau. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00846-4">Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#234;n 528 ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i board game</a> cho th&#7845;y d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y cao h&#417;n khi c&#7843; k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; th&#7917; th&#225;ch c&#249;ng cao, so v&#7899;i khi c&#7843; hai c&#249;ng th&#7845;p [6].</p><p><strong>V&#224; &#273;&#7915;ng coi &#244; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t l&#224; h&#7841;ng hai.</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.809138">M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u</a> tr&#234;n sinh vi&#234;n th&#7845;y s&#7921; th&#237;ch th&#250;, h&#7841;nh ph&#250;c v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c t&#7921; th&#226;n cao h&#417;n &#7903; &#244; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t so v&#7899;i &#244; d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y [5]. C&#249;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#243;: trong m&#7851;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i board game, m&#7913;c flow t&#7921; b&#225;o c&#225;o cao h&#417;n &#7903; ph&#237;a k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#432;&#7907;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch so v&#7899;i ph&#237;a th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#432;&#7907;t k&#7929; n&#259;ng [6]. &#272;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; th&#244;i t&#7921; tr&#225;ch v&#236; m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n kh&#244;ng &#8220;v&#224;o flow&#8221;.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#7897; tr&#236;nh b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c qua c&#225;c &#244;. V&#224; khi &#273;ang qu&#225; t&#7843;i, gi&#7843;m y&#234;u c&#7847;u ho&#7863;c nh&#7901; h&#7895; tr&#7907; thi&#7871;t th&#7921;c h&#417;n c&#7889; luy&#7879;n ngay.</p><h2><strong>C&#243; n&#234;n x&#7871;p vi&#7879;c c&#259;ng &#273;&#7847;u s&#225;t gi&#7901; ng&#7911;?</strong></h2><blockquote><p>M&#7897;t th&#237; nghi&#7879;m nh&#7887; ghi nh&#7853;n th&#7901;i gian v&#224;o gi&#7845;c d&#224;i h&#417;n sau n&#7917;a ti&#7871;ng l&#224;m b&#224;i tr&#237; &#243;c tr&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7901; ng&#7911;. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917; d&#7901;i vi&#7879;c c&#259;ng &#273;&#7847;u s&#7899;m h&#417;n. Nh&#432;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng ki&#7875;m tra &#244; h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; suy lu&#7853;n &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n v&#7873; Flow [9].</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2595937,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ba c&#7843;nh bu&#7893;i t&#7889;i: &#273;&#243;ng m&#225;y t&#237;nh, ng&#7891;i th&#432; gi&#227;n v&#224; m&#7903; s&#7893; ghi vi&#7879;c c&#7847;n l&#224;m tr&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7901; ng&#7911;.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/216416161?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Ba c&#7843;nh bu&#7893;i t&#7889;i: &#273;&#243;ng m&#225;y t&#237;nh, ng&#7891;i th&#432; gi&#227;n v&#224; m&#7903; s&#7893; ghi vi&#7879;c c&#7847;n l&#224;m tr&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7901; ng&#7911;." title="Ba c&#7843;nh bu&#7893;i t&#7889;i: &#273;&#243;ng m&#225;y t&#237;nh, ng&#7891;i th&#432; gi&#227;n v&#224; m&#7903; s&#7893; ghi vi&#7879;c c&#7847;n l&#224;m tr&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7901; ng&#7911;." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sMKf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9dcd536-8602-41a2-9c53-888e5106356e_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>G&#7907;i &#253; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;: ch&#7915;a kho&#7843;ng &#273;&#7879;m v&#224; th&#7917; ghi vi&#7879;c c&#7847;n l&#224;m. C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ki&#7875;m tra tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#244; h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n c&#7911;a Flow [9,10].</em></p><p>N&#243;i r&#245; tr&#432;&#7899;c: &#8220;h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n&#8221; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; t&#234;n m&#7897;t &#244; tr&#234;n s&#417; &#273;&#7891;, &#273;&#7863;t theo t&#7893; h&#7907;p &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng. N&#243; <strong>kh&#244;ng</strong> c&#249;ng kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m v&#7899;i &#8220;tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i k&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#227;o b&#7897; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ng&#7911;&#8221; (<em>pre-sleep cognitive arousal</em>) b&#234;n khoa h&#7885;c gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;. T&#244;i n&#7889;i hai m&#7843;ng qua v&#237; d&#7909; vi&#7879;c tr&#237; &#243;c ph&#7843;i g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c; t&#234;n &#244; tr&#234;n s&#417; &#273;&#7891; t&#7921; n&#243; ch&#432;a cho bi&#7871;t t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng l&#234;n gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;.</p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.016">M&#7897;t th&#237; nghi&#7879;m &#7903; B&#7881;</a> cho 15 ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7843;i qua hai &#273;&#234;m so s&#225;nh sau m&#7897;t &#273;&#234;m l&#224;m quen, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7921; l&#224;m nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng cho ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh [9]. M&#7897;t &#273;&#234;m ng&#7911; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. &#272;&#234;m kia, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ng&#7911; h&#7885; l&#224;m b&#224;i tr&#237; &#243;c n&#7917;a ti&#7871;ng. &#272;o b&#7857;ng m&#225;y: <strong>th&#7901;i gian &#273;i v&#224;o gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; d&#224;i ra r&#245; r&#7879;t</strong> [9].</p><p>&#272;i&#7875;m &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;: t&#225;c v&#7909; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c m&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#234;m th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#7843;m x&#250;c [9]. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; g&#7907;i &#253; r&#7857;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng tr&#237; &#243;c tr&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7901; ng&#7911; c&#361;ng &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; &#253;, b&#234;n c&#7841;nh lo l&#7855;ng.</p><p>H&#7885;c ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m m&#7899;i hay tra m&#7897;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ch&#432;a quen l&#224; nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c t&#244;i mu&#7889;n th&#7917; d&#7901;i s&#7899;m h&#417;n. &#272;&#225;ng c&#226;n nh&#7855;c n&#7871;u ch&#250;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#7847;u &#243;c kh&#243; l&#7855;ng xu&#7889;ng; th&#237; nghi&#7879;m ch&#432;a &#273;o chuy&#7879;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c ch&#7853;m &#273;i, c&#361;ng ch&#432;a ki&#7875;m tra tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c n&#224;y.</p><p><strong>N&#7871;u bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i l&#224;m t&#7889;i:</strong> ch&#7915;a m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng &#273;&#7879;m tr&#432;&#7899;c khi l&#234;n gi&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#224; d&#224;nh n&#259;m ph&#250;t cu&#7889;i vi&#7871;t danh s&#225;ch vi&#7879;c c&#7909; th&#7875; cho h&#244;m sau. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000374">Th&#237; nghi&#7879;m tr&#234;n 57 ng&#432;&#7901;i</a>, &#273;o b&#7857;ng m&#225;y &#273;o gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;: nh&#243;m vi&#7871;t danh s&#225;ch vi&#7879;c-c&#7847;n-l&#224;m ng&#7911; nhanh h&#417;n r&#245; r&#7879;t so v&#7899;i nh&#243;m vi&#7871;t vi&#7879;c &#273;&#227; l&#224;m xong, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#7911;a danh s&#225;ch c&#361;ng c&#243; li&#234;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i th&#7901;i gian v&#224;o gi&#7845;c ng&#7855;n h&#417;n [10].</p><h2><strong>S&#417; &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</strong></h2><blockquote><p>B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; gi&#250;p g&#7885;i t&#234;n tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i v&#224; ch&#7885;n h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917;. N&#243; kh&#244;ng b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m &#273;i &#273;&#250;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng th&#236; v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y. B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho vi&#7879;c ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#7845;y c&#242;n m&#7887;ng, v&#224; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; quan s&#225;t, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#226;n qu&#7843; [7,8].</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2662741,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c t&#224;i li&#7879;u c&#7841;nh ba nh&#227;n: m&#244; h&#236;nh g&#7907;i h&#432;&#7899;ng, li&#234;n h&#7879; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a nh&#226;n qu&#7843; v&#224; c&#242;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/216416161?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c t&#224;i li&#7879;u c&#7841;nh ba nh&#227;n: m&#244; h&#236;nh g&#7907;i h&#432;&#7899;ng, li&#234;n h&#7879; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a nh&#226;n qu&#7843; v&#224; c&#242;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t." title="Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c t&#224;i li&#7879;u c&#7841;nh ba nh&#227;n: m&#244; h&#236;nh g&#7907;i h&#432;&#7899;ng, li&#234;n h&#7879; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a nh&#226;n qu&#7843; v&#224; c&#242;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UpTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c016c1-7589-40d5-8051-6f5f800032f8_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>M&#244; h&#236;nh gi&#250;p &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i. D&#7919; li&#7879;u quan s&#225;t v&#224; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; h&#7913;a r&#7857;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; s&#7869; t&#7841;o ra Flow [7,8,11].</em></p><p><strong>Ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c &#259;n.</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220274">M&#7897;t th&#237; nghi&#7879;m c&#244;ng b&#7889; tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#225;ch ph&#226;n t&#237;ch r&#7891;i m&#7899;i thu s&#7889; li&#7879;u</a> &#8212; gi&#250;p h&#7841;n ch&#7871; vi&#7879;c ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch ph&#226;n t&#237;ch theo k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y &#8212; cho 311 ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, AI ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; ri&#234;ng t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i. Kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#7873; h&#7913;ng th&#250; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c m&#7913;c kh&#243; [7]. Kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t ch&#432;a c&#243; ngh&#297;a m&#7885;i m&#7913;c kh&#243; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng &#8212; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7915;ng h&#7913;a ch&#7855;c.</p><p><strong>&#7902; ch&#7895; l&#224;m, &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n.</strong> T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ghi nh&#7853;n quy&#7873;n t&#7921; ch&#7911; c&#243; li&#234;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y [8]. M&#7913;c th&#7917; th&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n l&#7867; g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng li&#234;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i flow t&#7893;ng th&#7875;; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ki&#7875;m tra tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p s&#7921; ph&#249; h&#7907;p gi&#7919;a th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng [8]. V&#224; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; quan s&#225;t, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#226;n qu&#7843; [8,11].</p><p><strong>Ph&#7847;n v&#7873; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; l&#224; t&#244;i n&#7889;i hai m&#7843;ng l&#7841;i.</strong> C&#225;c ngu&#7891;n d&#7851;n kh&#244;ng ki&#7875;m tra tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p vi&#7879;c thu&#7897;c &#244; h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n c&#243; d&#7921; b&#225;o gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p><strong>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7851;n ch&#432;a x&#225;c l&#7853;p k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ri&#234;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam.</strong> Nhi&#7873;u ngu&#7891;n d&#249;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;; m&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#237; nghi&#7879;m c&#243; m&#7851;u nh&#7887;.</p><p><strong>Ba nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7889;t l&#245;i n&#243;i g&#236;, v&#224; ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Cutting v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2023) [7]</strong> &#183; <em>Ngu&#7891;n:</em> Royal Society Open Science &#183; <em>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871;:</em> th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ti&#7873;n &#273;&#259;ng k&#253;, AI ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; kh&#243;, 311 ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#183; <em>N&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;:</em> kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a v&#7873; h&#7913;ng th&#250; ho&#7863;c tham gia gi&#7919;a c&#225;c m&#7913;c kh&#243; &#183; <em>Ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;:</em> ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; t&#7841;o ra flow.</p></li><li><p><strong>Liu v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2023) [8]</strong> &#183; <em>Ngu&#7891;n:</em> Journal of Vocational Behavior &#183; <em>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871;:</em> t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 113 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, h&#417;n 60.000 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i l&#224;m &#183; <em>N&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;:</em> quy&#7873;n t&#7921; ch&#7911; c&#243; li&#234;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i flow, c&#242;n m&#7913;c th&#7917; th&#225;ch c&#7911;a c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c th&#236; g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng &#183; <em>Ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;:</em> ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7855;t ngang n&#234;n ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh nh&#226;n qu&#7843;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Harris v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2023) [11]</strong> &#183; <em>Ngu&#7891;n:</em> International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology &#183; <em>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871;:</em> t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 22 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7875; thao v&#224; tr&#242; ch&#417;i &#183; <em>N&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;:</em> flow v&#224; th&#224;nh t&#237;ch c&#243; t&#432;&#417;ng quan m&#7913;c v&#7915;a, r = 0,31 &#8212; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7913;c t&#259;ng n&#259;ng su&#7845;t 31% &#183; <em>Ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;:</em> kh&#244;ng cho bi&#7871;t flow g&#226;y th&#224;nh t&#237;ch hay ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>Tu&#7847;n n&#224;y &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883; v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><blockquote><p>Ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c trong tu&#7847;n. Gi&#7919;a bu&#7893;i, d&#7915;ng ba m&#432;&#417;i gi&#226;y v&#224; h&#7887;i: vi&#7879;c n&#224;y &#273;ang kh&#243; h&#417;n hay d&#7877; h&#417;n m&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y c&#7911;a m&#236;nh? R&#7891;i &#273;&#7885;c h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917; t&#7915; ch&#237;nh v&#7883; tr&#237; &#273;&#243;. &#272;&#7915;ng suy t&#7915; ch&#7913;c danh hay t&#7915; vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p &#273;ang l&#224;m g&#236;.</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2837102,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;S&#7893; c&#7841;nh m&#225;y t&#237;nh v&#7899;i ba c&#226;u h&#7887;i v&#7873; th&#7917; th&#225;ch, k&#7929; n&#259;ng so v&#7899;i th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh mu&#7889;n th&#7917;; m&#361;i t&#234;n ghi l&#7841;i, l&#224;m ti&#7871;p.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/216416161?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="S&#7893; c&#7841;nh m&#225;y t&#237;nh v&#7899;i ba c&#226;u h&#7887;i v&#7873; th&#7917; th&#225;ch, k&#7929; n&#259;ng so v&#7899;i th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh mu&#7889;n th&#7917;; m&#361;i t&#234;n ghi l&#7841;i, l&#224;m ti&#7871;p." title="S&#7893; c&#7841;nh m&#225;y t&#237;nh v&#7899;i ba c&#226;u h&#7887;i v&#7873; th&#7917; th&#225;ch, k&#7929; n&#259;ng so v&#7899;i th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh mu&#7889;n th&#7917;; m&#361;i t&#234;n ghi l&#7841;i, l&#224;m ti&#7871;p." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mGeB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cc40244-343f-451b-9a21-d0373ea2f68f_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Gi&#7919;a bu&#7893;i, t&#7921; &#432;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7915;ng tr&#7909;c so v&#7899;i m&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y, ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t thay &#273;&#7893;i r&#7891;i quan s&#225;t l&#7841;i. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; g&#7907;i &#253; th&#7921;c h&#224;nh, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra chu&#7849;n ho&#225;.</em></p><p>Ba c&#226;u, h&#7887;i ngay l&#250;c &#273;ang l&#224;m ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c ng&#7891;i l&#7853;p k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch:</p><ul><li><p>Vi&#7879;c n&#224;y kh&#243; h&#417;n hay d&#7877; h&#417;n m&#7913;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a t&#244;i?</p></li><li><p>K&#7929; n&#259;ng t&#244;i c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &#7903; vi&#7879;c n&#224;y cao h&#417;n hay th&#7845;p h&#417;n m&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y c&#7911;a m&#236;nh?</p></li><li><p>T&#7915; v&#7883; tr&#237; &#273;&#243;, t&#244;i mu&#7889;n th&#7917; t&#259;ng k&#7929; n&#259;ng, t&#259;ng th&#7917; th&#225;ch hay gi&#7843;m t&#7843;i?</p></li></ul><p>Ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh cho tu&#7847;n n&#224;y. Vi&#7879;c qu&#225; quen th&#236; th&#234;m m&#7897;t y&#234;u c&#7847;u v&#7915;a s&#7913;c. Vi&#7879;c c&#259;ng &#273;&#7847;u s&#225;t gi&#7901; ng&#7911; th&#236; d&#7901;i s&#7899;m h&#417;n, r&#7891;i quan s&#225;t l&#7841;i.</p><p>V&#224; coi ch&#7915;ng ki&#7875;u ch&#259;m ch&#7881; m&#224; kh&#244;ng nh&#7855;m &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895; &#8212; nh&#432; chuy&#7879;n <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/bai-tap-giam-te-nga">t&#7853;p &#273;&#7873;u m&#7895;i s&#225;ng m&#224; v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7889;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#233; ng&#227;</a>: l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng.</p><p><strong>Ai n&#234;n b&#7887; qua b&#224;i n&#224;y.</strong> Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c ho&#7863;c qu&#225; t&#7843;i th&#236; vi&#7879;c c&#7847;n l&#224;m l&#224; gi&#7843;m t&#7843;i, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;i t&#236;m &#244; n&#224;o tr&#234;n s&#417; &#273;&#7891;. B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y m&#244; t&#7843; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#244;ng c&#7909; x&#7917; l&#253; ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c.</p><p>&#272;o&#7841;n video khi&#7871;n t&#244;i nh&#7899; hai tr&#7909;c. Ph&#7847;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u khi&#7871;n t&#244;i b&#7887; &#253; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i t&#236;m c&#244;ng th&#7913;c.</p><p>Tu&#7847;n n&#224;y b&#7841;n &#273;&#7883;nh th&#7917; &#244; n&#224;o &#8212; v&#224; &#273;i ngang hay &#273;i d&#7885;c?</p><p></p><h3><strong>C&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</strong></h3><p><strong>L&#224;m sao bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#7903; &#244; n&#224;o?</strong></p><p>H&#7887;i ngay gi&#7919;a l&#250;c &#273;ang l&#224;m, &#273;&#7915;ng suy l&#250;c ng&#7891;i l&#7853;p k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch. T&#7921; &#432;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng ri&#234;ng hai tr&#7909;c: vi&#7879;c n&#224;y kh&#243; h&#417;n hay d&#7877; h&#417;n th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y, v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng t&#244;i c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n cao h&#417;n hay th&#7845;p h&#417;n m&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. V&#7883; tr&#237; l&#224; c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng b&#7841;n, kh&#244;ng so v&#7899;i &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c [2].</p><p><strong>V&#236; sao vi&#7879;c tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y cu&#7889;n h&#250;t gi&#7901; l&#7841;i th&#7845;y ch&#225;n?</strong></p><p>V&#236; g&#7889;c to&#7841; &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a s&#417; &#273;&#7891; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n [2]. Vi&#7879;c t&#7915;ng cu&#7889;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#224;nh d&#7877; h&#417;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i khi k&#7929; n&#259;ng l&#234;n, nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng n&#234;n x&#233;t lo&#7841;i vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n l&#224;m trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#243;. N&#7871;u &#273;&#250;ng l&#224; thi&#7871;u th&#7917; th&#225;ch, th&#7917; n&#226;ng &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; m&#7897;t n&#7845;c.</p><p><strong>C&#7913; ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; cho v&#7915;a tay l&#224; v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y?</strong></p><p>Ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c. M&#7897;t th&#237; nghi&#7879;m c&#244;ng b&#7889; tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#225;ch ph&#226;n t&#237;ch r&#7891;i m&#7899;i thu s&#7889; li&#7879;u, tr&#234;n 311 ng&#432;&#7901;i, d&#249;ng AI ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; ri&#234;ng t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#7873; h&#7913;ng th&#250; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c m&#7913;c kh&#243; [7]. B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n ch&#7885;n h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917;; nh&#432;ng n&#243; kh&#244;ng g&#7885;i tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i ra theo &#253; b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c [7,8].</p><p>Ng&#224;y Vi&#7871;t: 19/9/2026</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</strong></p><ol><li><p>Nakamura, J. &amp; Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). <em>The Concept of Flow</em>. Trong <em>Handbook of Positive Psychology</em>, tr. 89&#8211;105. <a href="https://nuovoeutile.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2002-Flow.pdf">B&#7843;n ch&#432;&#417;ng s&#225;ch</a>.</p></li><li><p>Csikszentmihalyi, M. &amp; LeFevre, J. (1989). <em>Optimal experience in work and leisure</em>. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(5), 815&#8211;822. L&#7845;y m&#7851;u tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m b&#7857;ng m&#225;y nh&#7855;n tin trong m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i l&#224;m t&#7841;i Chicago. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.815">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Engeser, S. &amp; Baumann, N. (2016). <em>Fluctuation of Flow and Affect in Everyday Life: A Second Look at the Paradox of Work</em>. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 105&#8211;124. Kh&#7843;o s&#225;t l&#7841;i &#8220;ngh&#7883;ch l&#253; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c&#8221;. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9586-4">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Takatalo, J., Nyman, G. &amp; Laaksonen, L. (2008). <em>Components of human experience in virtual environments</em>. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(1), 1&#8211;15. M&#244; h&#236;nh t&#225;m v&#249;ng trong b&#224;i d&#7851;n Massimini &amp; Carli (1988). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.11.003">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Lambert, J., Chapman, J. &amp; Lurie, D. (2013). <em>Challenges to the four-channel model of flow: Primary assumption of flow support the moderate challenging control channel</em>. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(5), 395&#8211;403. L&#7845;y m&#7851;u tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m trong m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n; 37 sinh vi&#234;n ho&#224;n th&#224;nh. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.809138">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Wojtasi&#324;ski, M., Tu&#380;nik, P., Jankowski, T. &amp; Cudo, A. (2025). <em>Analyzing Skill-Challenge Interaction and Flow State: Insights From Response Surface Analysis Among Board Gamers</em>. Journal of Happiness Studies, 26(3), article 35. T&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#7863;t ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i; 528 ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00846-4">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Cutting, J., Deterding, S., Demediuk, S. &amp; Sephton, N. (2023). <em>Difficulty-skill balance does not affect engagement and enjoyment: a pre-registered study using artificial intelligence-controlled difficulty</em>. Royal Society Open Science, 10(2), 220274. Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ti&#7873;n &#273;&#259;ng k&#253;; 311 ng&#432;&#7901;i. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220274">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Liu, W., Lu, H., Li, P., van der Linden, D. &amp; Bakker, A. B. (2023). <em>Antecedents and outcomes of work-related flow: A meta-analysis</em>. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 144, 103891. T&#7893;ng m&#7851;u 60.110; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7851;u c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng t&#432;&#417;ng quan. T&#224;i tr&#7907; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng b&#7889;: China Scholarship Council. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103891">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Wuyts, J., De Valck, E., Vandekerckhove, M. v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2012). <em>The influence of pre-sleep cognitive arousal on sleep onset processes</em>. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 83(1), 8&#8211;15. Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; b&#7855;t ch&#233;o trong c&#249;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, &#273;o b&#7857;ng &#273;a k&#253; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;; 15 ng&#432;&#7901;i. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.016">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Scullin, M. K., Krueger, M. L., Ballard, H. K., Pruett, N. &amp; Bliwise, D. L. (2018). <em>The Effects of Bedtime Writing on Difficulty Falling Asleep: A Polysomnographic Study Comparing To-Do Lists and Completed Activity Lists</em>. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(1), 139&#8211;146. Ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, &#273;o b&#7857;ng &#273;a k&#253; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;; 57 ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; kho&#7867; m&#7841;nh. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000374">DOI</a>.</p></li><li><p>Harris, D. J., Allen, K. L., Vine, S. J. &amp; Wilson, M. R. (2023; c&#244;ng b&#7889; tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n 2021). <em>A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between flow states and performance</em>. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 693&#8211;721. T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 22 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1929402">DOI</a>.</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ba mẹ bạn tập đều mỗi sáng. Nhưng bài tập đó có chống được té ngã không?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#272;i b&#7897; hay t&#7853;p nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng m&#7895;i s&#225;ng ch&#7881; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n y&#234;n t&#226;m. B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng tr&#234;n 23.400 ng&#432;&#7901;i cho th&#7845;y: b&#224;i t&#7853;p th&#7853;t s&#7921; ph&#242;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#233; ng&#227; ph&#7843;i bu&#7897;c c&#417; th&#7875; b&#7841;n r&#417;i v&#224;o th&#7871; h&#417;i ch&#244;ng ch&#234;nh.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/bai-tap-giam-te-nga</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/bai-tap-giam-te-nga</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 09:08:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png" width="1122" height="1402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1402,&quot;width&quot;:1122,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1084559,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Minh ho&#7841; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7913;ng hai b&#224;n ch&#226;n x&#7871;p th&#7859;ng h&#224;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c sau, m&#7897;t tay l&#417; l&#7917;ng tr&#234;n m&#233;p b&#224;n, th&#226;n h&#417;i nghi&#234;ng. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh: Ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a b&#224;i t&#7853;p ch&#7889;ng ng&#227;, gi&#7843;m 24% s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;, ngu&#7891;n Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews n&#259;m 2019.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Minh ho&#7841; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7913;ng hai b&#224;n ch&#226;n x&#7871;p th&#7859;ng h&#224;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c sau, m&#7897;t tay l&#417; l&#7917;ng tr&#234;n m&#233;p b&#224;n, th&#226;n h&#417;i nghi&#234;ng. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh: Ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a b&#224;i t&#7853;p ch&#7889;ng ng&#227;, gi&#7843;m 24% s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;, ngu&#7891;n Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews n&#259;m 2019." title="Minh ho&#7841; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7913;ng hai b&#224;n ch&#226;n x&#7871;p th&#7859;ng h&#224;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c sau, m&#7897;t tay l&#417; l&#7917;ng tr&#234;n m&#233;p b&#224;n, th&#226;n h&#417;i nghi&#234;ng. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh: Ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a b&#224;i t&#7853;p ch&#7889;ng ng&#227;, gi&#7843;m 24% s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;, ngu&#7891;n Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews n&#259;m 2019." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IV9l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe197538c-be4d-4320-a942-1e8595be7de0_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>B&#224;i t&#7853;p c&#224;ng d&#7877; ch&#7883;u c&#224;ng &#237;t b&#7843;o v&#7879;. Nghe ng&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7901;i, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; th&#7913; hi&#7879;n ra khi Cochrane t&#225;ch ri&#234;ng t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng thay v&#236; g&#7897;p chung: b&#224;i th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng gi&#7843;m 24% s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao [1]. &#272;&#7911; 3 gi&#7901; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n th&#236; l&#234;n 42% [2]. C&#242;n nh&#243;m &#273;i b&#7897;, khi&#234;u v&#361;, ch&#7881; t&#7853;p t&#7841; &#8212; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n [1].</p><p>Ngh&#7883;ch l&#253; n&#7857;m &#7903; ch&#7895; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n b&#224;i t&#7853;p d&#224;nh cho ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; theo h&#432;&#7899;ng ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i: c&#224;ng v&#7919;ng c&#224;ng t&#7889;t, c&#224;ng &#237;t ch&#244;ng ch&#234;nh c&#224;ng an to&#224;n.</p><p><strong>Ba nh&#243;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng gi&#7843;m t&#233; ng&#227;: th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng, th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#7897;ng kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c, v&#224; th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n [1]. M&#7913;c gi&#7843;m 19&#8211;34% tu&#7923; nh&#243;m [1]. Li&#7873;u t&#7915; 3 gi&#7901; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n cho con s&#7889; cao nh&#7845;t, 42% [2]. Ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n ra b&#224;i t&#7853;p &#273;&#7911; kh&#243; n&#7857;m &#7903; m&#7909;c th&#7913; hai [3].</strong></p><h2><strong>B&#224;i t&#7853;p n&#224;o c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng gi&#7843;m t&#233; ng&#227; r&#245; nh&#7845;t?</strong></h2><p><strong>Cao nh&#7845;t l&#224; b&#224;i th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng: gi&#7843;m 24% s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao [1]. K&#7871; &#273;&#7871;n l&#224; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh nhi&#7873;u lo&#7841;i k&#7871;t h&#7907;p, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#7897;ng kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c: gi&#7843;m 34%, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trung b&#236;nh [1]. Th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 19%, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p [1].</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2/full">T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p Cochrane c&#7911;a Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> kh&#244;ng g&#7897;p chung m&#7885;i lo&#7841;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng m&#224; t&#225;ch ri&#234;ng t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m [1]. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; x&#7871;p theo m&#7913;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng</strong> &#8212; gi&#7843;m 24% (RaR 0,76; KTC 95% 0,70&#8211;0,81; 39 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, 7.920 ng&#432;&#7901;i). &#272;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao [1].</p></li><li><p><strong>Nhi&#7873;u lo&#7841;i k&#7871;t h&#7907;p</strong> (th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#7897;ng kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c) &#8212; gi&#7843;m 34% (RaR 0,66; 0,50&#8211;0,88; 11 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m). &#272;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trung b&#236;nh [1].</p></li><li><p><strong>Th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n</strong> &#8212; gi&#7843;m 19% (RaR 0,81; 0,67&#8211;0,99; 7 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m). &#272;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p [1].</p></li><li><p><strong>Ch&#7881; t&#7853;p t&#7841;, khi&#234;u v&#361;, ho&#7863;c &#273;i b&#7897;</strong> &#8212; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n [1].</p><p>C&#7847;n n&#243;i r&#245; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u: t&#7845;t c&#7843; con s&#7889; tr&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m <strong>t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i</strong>. Trong c&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#7903; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng, nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p t&#233; trung b&#236;nh kho&#7843;ng m&#7897;t l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7895;i n&#259;m [3]. Gi&#7843;m 24% ngh&#297;a l&#224; c&#7913; 100 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p trong m&#7897;t n&#259;m, s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; r&#417;i t&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 100 xu&#7889;ng kho&#7843;ng 76. &#205;t &#273;i &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i h&#7871;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png" width="1374" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1374,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:211142,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;B&#7843;ng so s&#225;nh m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; ng&#227; theo b&#7889;n lo&#7841;i b&#224;i t&#7853;p, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p Cochrane n&#259;m 2019. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng gi&#7843;m 24%, RaR 0,76, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,70 &#273;&#7871;n 0,81, 39 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#7897;ng kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c gi&#7843;m 34%, RaR 0,66, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,50 &#273;&#7871;n 0,88, 11 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trung b&#236;nh. Th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 19%, RaR 0,81, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,67 &#273;&#7871;n 0,99, 7 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p. &#272;i b&#7897;, khi&#234;u v&#361; v&#224; ch&#7881; t&#7853;p t&#7841; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; g&#7897;p. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="B&#7843;ng so s&#225;nh m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; ng&#227; theo b&#7889;n lo&#7841;i b&#224;i t&#7853;p, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p Cochrane n&#259;m 2019. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng gi&#7843;m 24%, RaR 0,76, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,70 &#273;&#7871;n 0,81, 39 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#7897;ng kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c gi&#7843;m 34%, RaR 0,66, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,50 &#273;&#7871;n 0,88, 11 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trung b&#236;nh. Th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 19%, RaR 0,81, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,67 &#273;&#7871;n 0,99, 7 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p. &#272;i b&#7897;, khi&#234;u v&#361; v&#224; ch&#7881; t&#7853;p t&#7841; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; g&#7897;p. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019." title="B&#7843;ng so s&#225;nh m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; ng&#227; theo b&#7889;n lo&#7841;i b&#224;i t&#7853;p, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p Cochrane n&#259;m 2019. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng gi&#7843;m 24%, RaR 0,76, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,70 &#273;&#7871;n 0,81, 39 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#7897;ng kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c gi&#7843;m 34%, RaR 0,66, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,50 &#273;&#7871;n 0,88, 11 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trung b&#236;nh. Th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 19%, RaR 0,81, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 0,67 &#273;&#7871;n 0,99, 7 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p. &#272;i b&#7897;, khi&#234;u v&#361; v&#224; ch&#7881; t&#7853;p t&#7841; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; g&#7897;p. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KnP0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d61b8b3-4082-4c31-b361-88a53e93805e_1374x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>H&#224;ng c&#243; n&#7873;n &#273;&#7853;m l&#224; h&#224;ng duy nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao. M&#7913;c 34% cao h&#417;n nh&#432;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng y&#7871;u h&#417;n [1].</em></p></li></ul><p>H&#224;ng cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; &#273;&#7885;c sai. "Ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng" kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; v&#244; &#237;ch, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; &#273;&#7915;ng &#273;i b&#7897; n&#7919;a. N&#243; ch&#7881; c&#243; ngh&#297;a: n&#7871;u m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; &#273;&#7915;ng ng&#227;&#8230;</p><p>N&#243; ch&#7881; c&#243; ngh&#297;a: n&#7871;u m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; &#273;&#7915;ng ng&#227;, &#273;&#226;y ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i n&#417;i &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n d&#7891;n to&#224;n b&#7897; k&#7923; v&#7885;ng. Nh&#243;m 34% &#7903; h&#224;ng th&#7913; hai l&#224; b&#224;i th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng gh&#233;p v&#7899;i <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-khang-luc-sau-60">t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c sau tu&#7893;i 60</a> &#8212; hai th&#7913; c&#7897;ng l&#7841;i, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i thay nhau.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1190998,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t so s&#225;nh m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; ng&#227; theo b&#7889;n nh&#243;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng k&#7871;t h&#7907;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c gi&#7843;m 34% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trung b&#236;nh, th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng gi&#7843;m 24% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao, th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 19% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p, c&#242;n nh&#243;m &#273;i b&#7897;, khi&#234;u v&#361; v&#224; ch&#7881; t&#7853;p t&#7841; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews n&#259;m 2019.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t so s&#225;nh m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; ng&#227; theo b&#7889;n nh&#243;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng k&#7871;t h&#7907;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c gi&#7843;m 34% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trung b&#236;nh, th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng gi&#7843;m 24% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao, th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 19% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p, c&#242;n nh&#243;m &#273;i b&#7897;, khi&#234;u v&#361; v&#224; ch&#7881; t&#7853;p t&#7841; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews n&#259;m 2019." title="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t so s&#225;nh m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; ng&#227; theo b&#7889;n nh&#243;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p. Th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng k&#7871;t h&#7907;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c gi&#7843;m 34% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n trung b&#236;nh, th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng gi&#7843;m 24% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao, th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n gi&#7843;m 19% v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p, c&#242;n nh&#243;m &#273;i b&#7897;, khi&#234;u v&#361; v&#224; ch&#7881; t&#7853;p t&#7841; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews n&#259;m 2019." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKDm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ac281-ee54-43a3-b5ef-f61ef889f446_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;">C&#7897;t cao ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c l&#224; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng m&#7841;nh. M&#7913;c 24% c&#243; &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cao, m&#7913;c 34% ch&#7881; &#7903; m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh [1].</p><h2><strong>L&#224;m sao bi&#7871;t m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p c&#243; th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng th&#7853;t kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p><strong>Gi&#7899;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#7845;m theo ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n: tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#417; th&#7875; ph&#7843;i d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n, ch&#226;n &#273;&#7871; b&#7883; thu h&#7865;p, v&#224; gi&#7843;m t&#7889;i &#273;a vi&#7879;c b&#225;m tay. &#272;&#7841;t hai tr&#234;n ba l&#224; kh&#243; v&#7915;a, &#273;&#7841;t c&#7843; ba l&#224; kh&#243; cao [3]. B&#224;i t&#7853;p kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n n&#224;o th&#236; g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m trong nh&#243;m c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</strong></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7847;n h&#7919;u &#237;ch nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#7843; b&#224;i, v&#236; n&#243; bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n chung th&#224;nh th&#7913; b&#7841;n t&#7921; ki&#7875;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong m&#432;&#7901;i gi&#226;y.</p><p>&#272;&#7913;ng hai ch&#226;n r&#7897;ng b&#7857;ng vai, hai tay b&#225;m ch&#7863;t m&#233;p b&#224;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng nh&#250;c nh&#237;ch. C&#417; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;i b&#224;i to&#225;n n&#224;o c&#7843;. Gi&#7901; &#273;&#7893;i: hai b&#224;n ch&#226;n x&#7871;p th&#7859;ng h&#224;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c sau, m&#7897;t tay ch&#7841;m nh&#7865; m&#7863;t b&#224;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7869; nghi&#234;ng theo nh&#7883;p th&#7903;. Ch&#226;n &#273;&#7871; h&#7865;p l&#7841;i, tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u di chuy&#7875;n, tay g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7905;. C&#249;ng m&#7897;t ch&#7895; &#273;&#7913;ng, c&#249;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#224;n &#8212; nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; t&#432; th&#7871; th&#7913; hai m&#7899;i gi&#7889;ng th&#7913; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u.</p><p>Ch&#237;nh nh&#243;m t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#361;ng n&#234;u v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c cho t&#7915;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n [3]:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Thu h&#7865;p ch&#226;n &#273;&#7871;</strong> &#8212; &#273;&#7913;ng hai ch&#226;n s&#225;t nhau; &#273;&#7913;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n &#273;&#7863;t th&#7859;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n kia; &#273;&#7913;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>D&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m khi &#273;ang &#273;&#7913;ng</strong> &#8212; v&#7899;i tay ra xa; chuy&#7875;n tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7915; ch&#226;n n&#224;y sang ch&#226;n kia; b&#432;&#7899;c l&#234;n m&#7897;t m&#7863;t cao h&#417;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>B&#7887; tay &#273;&#7905;, ho&#7863;c gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n m&#7913;c ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o tay</strong> &#8212; b&#225;m m&#7897;t tay thay v&#236; hai tay, ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t ng&#243;n thay v&#236; c&#7843; b&#224;n tay.</p><p></p><p>Chi ti&#7871;t cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7899; nh&#7845;t. M&#7897;t ng&#243;n tay thay v&#236; c&#7843; b&#224;n tay l&#224; n&#7845;c t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i 75 tu&#7893;i t&#7921; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; nh&#224;. Ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra &#273;&#7841;t hay tr&#432;&#7907;t &#8212; ch&#250;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;i thang.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1098231,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ba &#244; minh ho&#7841; n&#7857;m ngang, m&#244; t&#7843; ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng. &#212; m&#7897;t, m&#361;i t&#234;n cong cho th&#7845;y tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#417; th&#7875; d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n sang m&#7897;t b&#234;n. &#212; hai, hai d&#7845;u b&#224;n ch&#226;n t&#7915; v&#7883; tr&#237; r&#7897;ng chuy&#7875;n sang x&#7871;p th&#7859;ng h&#224;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c sau. &#212; ba, m&#7897;t b&#224;n tay nh&#7845;c r&#7901;i kh&#7887;i m&#7863;t b&#224;n. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh ghi &#273;&#7841;t hai tr&#234;n ba l&#224; kh&#243; v&#7915;a, &#273;&#7841;t c&#7843; ba l&#224; kh&#243; cao. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, British Journal of Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2017.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Ba &#244; minh ho&#7841; n&#7857;m ngang, m&#244; t&#7843; ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng. &#212; m&#7897;t, m&#361;i t&#234;n cong cho th&#7845;y tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#417; th&#7875; d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n sang m&#7897;t b&#234;n. &#212; hai, hai d&#7845;u b&#224;n ch&#226;n t&#7915; v&#7883; tr&#237; r&#7897;ng chuy&#7875;n sang x&#7871;p th&#7859;ng h&#224;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c sau. &#212; ba, m&#7897;t b&#224;n tay nh&#7845;c r&#7901;i kh&#7887;i m&#7863;t b&#224;n. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh ghi &#273;&#7841;t hai tr&#234;n ba l&#224; kh&#243; v&#7915;a, &#273;&#7841;t c&#7843; ba l&#224; kh&#243; cao. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, British Journal of Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2017." title="Ba &#244; minh ho&#7841; n&#7857;m ngang, m&#244; t&#7843; ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng. &#212; m&#7897;t, m&#361;i t&#234;n cong cho th&#7845;y tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#417; th&#7875; d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n sang m&#7897;t b&#234;n. &#212; hai, hai d&#7845;u b&#224;n ch&#226;n t&#7915; v&#7883; tr&#237; r&#7897;ng chuy&#7875;n sang x&#7871;p th&#7859;ng h&#224;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c sau. &#212; ba, m&#7897;t b&#224;n tay nh&#7845;c r&#7901;i kh&#7887;i m&#7863;t b&#224;n. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh ghi &#273;&#7841;t hai tr&#234;n ba l&#224; kh&#243; v&#7915;a, &#273;&#7841;t c&#7843; ba l&#224; kh&#243; cao. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, British Journal of Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2017." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DAqI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d1ad41b-5bdf-4414-aae3-0e68e29ff5f2_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;">Ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n n&#224;y l&#224; c&#225;ch gi&#7899;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i m&#7913;c kh&#243; c&#7911;a ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra s&#7913;c kho&#7867; c&#225; nh&#226;n [3].</p><p><span>Th&#7917; ch&#7845;m v&#224;i m&#244;n quen thu&#7897;c b&#7857;ng &#273;&#250;ng ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;&#243;. L&#432;u &#253; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng: b&#7843;ng n&#224;y ch&#7845;m </span><strong>m&#7913;c th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng</strong><span>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng. M&#7897;t m&#244;n &#273;&#7841;t 3/3 ngh&#297;a l&#224; n&#243; c&#243; d&#7841;ng th&#7917; th&#225;ch gi&#7889;ng th&#7913; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, ch&#7913; ch&#432;a c&#243; ngh&#297;a &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh gi&#7843;m t&#233; ng&#227; [1].</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png" width="1122" height="1402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1402,&quot;width&quot;:1122,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1343497,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;B&#7843;ng ch&#7845;m n&#259;m m&#244;n th&#7875; thao theo ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng: th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n, yoga &#273;&#7913;ng, khi&#234;u v&#361; &#273;&#7841;t 3/3; b&#243;ng b&#224;n v&#224; pickleball 2/3&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="B&#7843;ng ch&#7845;m n&#259;m m&#244;n th&#7875; thao theo ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng: th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n, yoga &#273;&#7913;ng, khi&#234;u v&#361; &#273;&#7841;t 3/3; b&#243;ng b&#224;n v&#224; pickleball 2/3" title="B&#7843;ng ch&#7845;m n&#259;m m&#244;n th&#7875; thao theo ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng: th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n, yoga &#273;&#7913;ng, khi&#234;u v&#361; &#273;&#7841;t 3/3; b&#243;ng b&#224;n v&#224; pickleball 2/3" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KkuN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd29d53ad-ec9c-4196-91d2-f5e434d733a1_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Ch&#7845;m theo ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng. &#272;&#7841;t &#273;&#7911; ba kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh gi&#7843;m t&#233; ng&#227;.</em></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p>V&#236; sao m&#7913;c kh&#243; l&#7841;i quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7871;n v&#7853;y? C&#225;ch gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch h&#7907;p l&#253; nh&#7845;t: h&#7879; gi&#7919; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7881; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n khi b&#7883; &#273;&#7863;t v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7905;ng g&#7847;n m&#7845;t th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; c&#417; b&#7855;p ch&#7881; kho&#7867; l&#234;n khi ch&#7883;u t&#7843;i &#273;&#7911; n&#7863;ng. Gi&#7919; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n x&#7841; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#8212; c&#417; th&#7875; nghi&#234;ng, c&#7843;m bi&#7871;n &#7903; b&#224;n ch&#226;n v&#224; tai trong b&#225;o v&#7873;, c&#417; ch&#226;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7841;n k&#7883;p ngh&#297;. Ph&#7843;n x&#7841; &#273;&#243; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh th&#7913;c th&#236; m&#7899;i nh&#7841;y l&#234;n, v&#224; m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p qu&#225; &#234;m &#7843; ch&#7859;ng g&#7885;i n&#243; l&#7847;n n&#224;o.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#225;p cho c&#7843; ph&#242;ng gym. C&#249;ng l&#224; b&#224;i ch&#226;n, nh&#432;ng ng&#7891;i tr&#234;n m&#225;y c&#243; t&#7921;a l&#432;ng th&#236; c&#417; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7919; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng l&#7847;n n&#224;o; b&#432;&#7899;c l&#234;n b&#7909;c th&#7845;p th&#236; c&#243;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png" width="1122" height="1402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1402,&quot;width&quot;:1122,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1280571,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;B&#7843;ng ch&#7845;m s&#225;u b&#224;i t&#7853;p gym theo ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng: m&#225;y t&#7853;p ng&#7891;i 0 tr&#234;n 3, step-up v&#224; &#273;&#7913;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n &#273;&#7841;t 3 tr&#234;n 3&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="B&#7843;ng ch&#7845;m s&#225;u b&#224;i t&#7853;p gym theo ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng: m&#225;y t&#7853;p ng&#7891;i 0 tr&#234;n 3, step-up v&#224; &#273;&#7913;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n &#273;&#7841;t 3 tr&#234;n 3" title="B&#7843;ng ch&#7845;m s&#225;u b&#224;i t&#7853;p gym theo ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng: m&#225;y t&#7853;p ng&#7891;i 0 tr&#234;n 3, step-up v&#224; &#273;&#7913;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n &#273;&#7841;t 3 tr&#234;n 3" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35j8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff95be503-408a-42b4-8c0e-9a8c84ac7de7_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>C&#249;ng nh&#243;m c&#417;, kh&#225;c m&#7913;c th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng. T&#7843;i n&#7863;ng c&#7847;n n&#7873;n v&#7919;ng; b&#224;i ch&#244;ng ch&#234;nh th&#236; gi&#7843;m t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng.</em></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; suy lu&#7853;n c&#417; ch&#7871;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p. Th&#7913; &#273;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; &#7903; t&#7847;ng th&#7889;ng k&#234;: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707740/">ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7911;a Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> th&#7845;y c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; l&#7899;n h&#417;n h&#7859;n nh&#243;m c&#242;n l&#7841;i [3]. N&#243;i v&#7853;y kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; t&#7853;p c&#224;ng nguy hi&#7875;m c&#224;ng t&#7889;t &#8212; ph&#7847;n cu&#7889;i b&#224;i n&#243;i r&#245; ranh gi&#7899;i.</p><h2><strong>T&#7853;p bao nhi&#234;u v&#224; bao l&#226;u th&#236; &#273;&#7911;?</strong></h2><p><strong>T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p ph&#7909;c v&#7909; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a WHO g&#7891;m 116 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, 25.160 ng&#432;&#7901;i, cho th&#7845;y ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh c&#243; b&#224;i th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng li&#7873;u t&#7915; 3 gi&#7901; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n gi&#7843;m 42% s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; (IRR 0,58; KTC 95% 0,45&#8211;0,76) [2]. C&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; th&#432;&#7901;ng k&#233;o d&#224;i nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#224;i tu&#7847;n [1][2].</strong></p><p>Ba gi&#7901; m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n nghe nhi&#7873;u, nh&#432;ng chia ra l&#224; kho&#7843;ng 25 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y. V&#224; n&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n g&#7897;p v&#224;o m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i.</p><p>Con s&#7889; 3 gi&#7901; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7889;c tr&#242;n cho d&#7877; nh&#7899;. Trong <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7689963/">t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p n&#259;m 2020</a> v&#224; c&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; c&#7911;a c&#249;ng nh&#243;m, m&#7889;c "t&#7915; 2 gi&#7901; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n" kh&#244;ng t&#225;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#243;m hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; kh&#7887;i nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng, c&#242;n m&#7889;c "t&#7915; 3 gi&#7901;" th&#236; t&#225;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#245; [2][3]. Ranh gi&#7899;i n&#7857;m &#273;&#226;u &#273;&#243; &#7903; gi&#7919;a.</p><p>C&#7847;n n&#243;i th&#7859;ng m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u: con s&#7889; 42% &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; vi&#7879;c so s&#225;nh gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#225;c nhau, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7915; vi&#7879;c b&#7889;c th&#259;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia v&#224;o nh&#243;m li&#7873;u cao v&#224; nh&#243;m li&#7873;u th&#7845;p [2]. Ngh&#297;a l&#224; n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch gi&#7919;a c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh can thi&#7879;p. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u m&#7841;nh v&#7873; h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i, ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng nh&#226;n qu&#7843; v&#7873; li&#7873;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg" width="1376" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1376,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:109174,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Minh ho&#7841; b&#7843;y &#244; vu&#244;ng x&#7871;p th&#224;nh m&#7897;t h&#224;ng, m&#7895;i &#244; ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t kh&#7889;i nh&#7887; t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#432;ng cho m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p ng&#7855;n trong ng&#224;y, b&#234;n c&#7841;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t kh&#7889;i l&#7899;n &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh ghi ba gi&#7901; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n, kho&#7843;ng hai m&#432;&#417;i l&#259;m ph&#250;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, gi&#7843;m b&#7889;n m&#432;&#417;i hai ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity n&#259;m 2020.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Minh ho&#7841; b&#7843;y &#244; vu&#244;ng x&#7871;p th&#224;nh m&#7897;t h&#224;ng, m&#7895;i &#244; ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t kh&#7889;i nh&#7887; t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#432;ng cho m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p ng&#7855;n trong ng&#224;y, b&#234;n c&#7841;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t kh&#7889;i l&#7899;n &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh ghi ba gi&#7901; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n, kho&#7843;ng hai m&#432;&#417;i l&#259;m ph&#250;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, gi&#7843;m b&#7889;n m&#432;&#417;i hai ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity n&#259;m 2020." title="Minh ho&#7841; b&#7843;y &#244; vu&#244;ng x&#7871;p th&#224;nh m&#7897;t h&#224;ng, m&#7895;i &#244; ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t kh&#7889;i nh&#7887; t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#432;ng cho m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p ng&#7855;n trong ng&#224;y, b&#234;n c&#7841;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t kh&#7889;i l&#7899;n &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh ghi ba gi&#7901; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n, kho&#7843;ng hai m&#432;&#417;i l&#259;m ph&#250;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, gi&#7843;m b&#7889;n m&#432;&#417;i hai ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;. Ngu&#7891;n Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity n&#259;m 2020." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNSD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7aa1c22-2560-4598-86b9-64301548cca3_1376x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;">Con s&#7889; 42% &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; so s&#225;nh gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7915; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m b&#7889;c th&#259;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n v&#7873; li&#7873;u [2].</p><h2><strong>Th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n v&#224; d&#432;&#7905;ng sinh bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng th&#7853;t kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p><strong>C&#243;, nh&#432;ng m&#7913;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng kh&#225;c nhau tu&#7923; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh. Cochrane x&#7871;p th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n &#7903; m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m 19% s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233;, &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n th&#7845;p [1]. M&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n n&#259;m 2018 tr&#234;n 670 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 70 tu&#7893;i c&#243; nguy c&#417; t&#233; cao cho k&#7871;t qu&#7843; m&#7841;nh h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u v&#7899;i m&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ri&#234;ng [4].</strong></p><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30208396/">Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Li v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a>, &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n <em>JAMA Internal Medicine</em>, chia ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia th&#224;nh ba nh&#243;m: th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n phi&#234;n b&#7843;n tr&#7883; li&#7879;u, t&#7853;p &#273;a th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n, v&#224; gi&#227;n c&#417; &#8212; hai bu&#7893;i 60 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n, su&#7889;t 24 tu&#7847;n [4]. Sau 6 th&#225;ng, nh&#243;m th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n c&#243; s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; th&#7845;p h&#417;n 58% so v&#7899;i nh&#243;m gi&#227;n c&#417; (IRR 0,42; KTC 95% 0,31&#8211;0,56) v&#224; th&#7845;p h&#417;n 31% so v&#7899;i nh&#243;m t&#7853;p &#273;a th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n (IRR 0,69; 0,52&#8211;0,94) [4].</p><p>Hai &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tin con s&#7889; n&#224;y. Th&#7913; nh&#7845;t, t&#225;c gi&#7843; ch&#237;nh c&#244;ng b&#7889; &#244;ng s&#7903; h&#7919;u c&#244;ng ty nh&#7853;n ph&#237; b&#7843;n quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m [4] &#8212; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m k&#7871;t qu&#7843; sai, nh&#432;ng l&#224; xung &#273;&#7897;t l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n minh b&#7841;ch. Th&#7913; hai, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; phi&#234;n b&#7843;n tr&#7883; li&#7879;u c&#243; b&#224;i b&#7843;n v&#224; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n, kh&#244;ng m&#7863;c nhi&#234;n gi&#7889;ng bu&#7893;i d&#432;&#7905;ng sinh t&#7921; ph&#225;t &#7903; c&#244;ng vi&#234;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1264749,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ba h&#236;nh minh ho&#7841; t&#432; th&#7871; chuy&#7875;n b&#7897; trong th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n, cho th&#7845;y tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m d&#7891;n h&#7859;n sang m&#7897;t ch&#226;n, ch&#226;n &#273;&#7871; thu h&#7865;p khi b&#432;&#7899;c, v&#224; hai tay kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921;a. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u ba t&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y v&#7899;i ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng theo Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, British Journal of Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2017.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Ba h&#236;nh minh ho&#7841; t&#432; th&#7871; chuy&#7875;n b&#7897; trong th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n, cho th&#7845;y tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m d&#7891;n h&#7859;n sang m&#7897;t ch&#226;n, ch&#226;n &#273;&#7871; thu h&#7865;p khi b&#432;&#7899;c, v&#224; hai tay kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921;a. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u ba t&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y v&#7899;i ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng theo Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, British Journal of Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2017." title="Ba h&#236;nh minh ho&#7841; t&#432; th&#7871; chuy&#7875;n b&#7897; trong th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n, cho th&#7845;y tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m d&#7891;n h&#7859;n sang m&#7897;t ch&#226;n, ch&#226;n &#273;&#7871; thu h&#7865;p khi b&#432;&#7899;c, v&#224; hai tay kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921;a. Ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u ba t&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y v&#7899;i ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng theo Sherrington v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, British Journal of Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2017." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5NEg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a99af92-a1a1-41b1-8781-8d2ae307131d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;">&#272;&#226;y l&#224; quan s&#225;t khi &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;o trong m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n.</p><h2><strong>Ng&#227; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n th&#236; m&#7845;t nh&#7919;ng g&#236;?</strong></h2><p><strong>&#205;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n ba ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 65 tu&#7893;i s&#7889;ng trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng t&#233; m&#7895;i n&#259;m [1]. Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n kh&#244;ng g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng. Nh&#432;ng khi g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng h&#244;ng, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p c&#225;c &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; ti&#7871;n c&#7913;u cho th&#7845;y nguy c&#417; t&#7917; vong do m&#7885;i nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n trong ba th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u cao g&#7845;p kho&#7843;ng 5&#8211;8 l&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng tu&#7893;i, c&#249;ng gi&#7899;i [5].</strong></p><p>C&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n: g&#7845;p 5,75 l&#7847;n &#7903; n&#7919; v&#224; 7,95 l&#7847;n &#7903; nam, m&#7913;c ch&#234;nh gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n theo th&#7901;i gian nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; h&#7841; xu&#7889;ng ngang v&#7899;i m&#7913;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng b&#7883; g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng [5]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; li&#234;n h&#7879; quan s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng g&#226;y ra m&#7885;i ca t&#7917; vong &#8212; ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7855;p g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng h&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#227; y&#7871;u s&#7861;n.</p><p>Ch&#7919; "y&#7871;u s&#7861;n" &#7903; &#273;&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; y&#7871;u s&#7913;c ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i teo c&#417; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8212; sau tu&#7893;i 75, <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-giu-co-sau-60">s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh gi&#7843;m nhanh h&#417;n kh&#7889;i c&#417; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n</a>. M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#244;ng v&#7851;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#227; m&#7845;t ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng gh&#236;m ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7841;i khi tr&#432;&#7907;t ch&#226;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch h&#7907;p l&#253;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p trong c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; t&#233; ng&#227; &#7903; tr&#234;n.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n th&#7893;i ph&#7891;ng. Ch&#7881; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7863;t vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng ngang h&#224;ng v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c huy&#7871;t &#225;p, thay v&#236; xem n&#243; l&#224; chuy&#7879;n &#8216;th&#237;ch th&#236; l&#224;m, kh&#244;ng th&#236; th&#244;i&#8217;.</p><h2><strong>Nh&#7919;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</strong></h2><p><strong>T&#7853;p th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh l&#224; x&#243;a b&#7887; ho&#224;n to&#224;n nguy c&#417; t&#233;, con s&#7889; 42% ch&#432;a &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; so s&#225;nh li&#7873;u c&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;y ch&#432;a r&#245; c&#243; &#225;p d&#7909;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7915;a xu&#7845;t vi&#7879;n, sa s&#250;t tr&#237; tu&#7879; n&#7863;ng ho&#7863;c s&#7889;ng trong c&#417; s&#7903; ch&#259;m s&#243;c hay kh&#244;ng [1][2].</strong></p><p>B&#7889;n gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7899;:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Gi&#7843;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a gi&#7843;m g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng.</strong> Cochrane ghi nh&#7853;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho c&#225;c k&#7871;t c&#7909;c nh&#432; g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng &#237;t ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i k&#7871;t c&#7909;c s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; [1]. V&#7899;i ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh Otago, m&#7897;t t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 7 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m tr&#234;n 1.503 ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7845;y s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; gi&#7843;m 32% nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#7873; nguy c&#417; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng v&#7915;a v&#224; n&#7863;ng do t&#233; [6].</p></li><li><p><strong>Duy tr&#236; l&#224; ph&#7847;n kh&#243; nh&#7845;t.</strong> C&#361;ng trong t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#243;, sau 12 th&#225;ng ch&#7881; 36,7% s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#242;n t&#7853;p t&#7915; ba l&#7847;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n tr&#7903; l&#234;n [6].</p></li><li><p><strong>&#272;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng</strong>, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; c&#243; nguy c&#417; t&#233; cao v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chuy&#234;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n [1][4][6].</p></li><li><p><strong>T&#7853;p kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#244; h&#7841;i.</strong> T&#225;c d&#7909;ng ph&#7909; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;o c&#225;o th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7865;, ch&#7911; y&#7871;u &#273;au c&#417; ho&#7863;c &#273;au kh&#7899;p, nh&#432;ng m&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ghi nh&#7853;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng ch&#7853;u do qu&#225; t&#7843;i [1].</p></li></ul><h2><strong>N&#234;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7853;p th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng th&#7871; n&#224;o cho an to&#224;n?</strong></h2><p><strong><a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128">WHO khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883;</a> ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i t&#7853;p &#273;a th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n, ch&#250; tr&#7885;ng th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, &#237;t nh&#7845;t ba ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n [7]. Nh&#432;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; nguy c&#417; cao c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#7921; t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; &#8212; &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o ph&#7909;.</strong></p><p>H&#227;y &#273;i kh&#225;m ho&#7863;c g&#7863;p k&#7929; thu&#7853;t vi&#234;n v&#7853;t l&#253; tr&#7883; li&#7879;u <strong>tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#7921; t&#7853;p</strong> n&#7871;u b&#7841;n thu&#7897;c m&#7897;t trong c&#225;c nh&#243;m sau: &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng t&#233; trong n&#259;m qua, hay ch&#243;ng m&#7863;t khi &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y, ho&#7863;c &#273;ang d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c ng&#7911;, thu&#7889;c an th&#7847;n hay nhi&#7873;u thu&#7889;c huy&#7871;t &#225;p. Nh&#243;m c&#7847;n th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng c&#242;n g&#7891;m ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; b&#7879;nh tim m&#7841;ch ch&#432;a ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7915;a ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t ho&#7863;c v&#7915;a xu&#7845;t vi&#7879;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; b&#7879;nh th&#7847;n kinh ngo&#7841;i bi&#234;n, Parkinson, sa s&#250;t tr&#237; tu&#7879;, ho&#7863;c th&#7883; l&#7921;c gi&#7843;m nhi&#7873;u. V&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, t&#7921; n&#226;ng m&#7913;c kh&#243; &#7903; nh&#224; m&#7897;t m&#236;nh l&#224; c&#225;ch nhanh nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;n b&#224;i t&#7853;p ph&#242;ng ng&#7915;a th&#224;nh nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#226;y t&#233;.</p><p>M&#7897;t c&#7843;nh b&#225;o ri&#234;ng cho nh&#243;m nguy c&#417; cao: ch&#237;nh nh&#243;m t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#7911;a t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 2017 khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o <strong>kh&#244;ng k&#234; &#273;i b&#7897; nhanh</strong> cho ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; nguy c&#417; t&#233; cao, d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#361; ghi nh&#7853;n ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;i b&#7897; nhanh l&#224;m t&#259;ng nguy c&#417; t&#233; [3]. &#272;i b&#7897; ch&#7853;m v&#224; &#273;&#7873;u th&#236; kh&#225;c &#8212; nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u ba m&#7865; b&#7841;n &#273;ang c&#7889; s&#7843;i b&#432;&#7899;c th&#7853;t nhanh m&#7895;i s&#225;ng v&#236; ngh&#297; c&#224;ng nhanh c&#224;ng t&#7889;t, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; n&#234;n xem l&#7841;i.</p><p>Nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c an to&#224;n khi t&#7853;p, k&#7875; c&#7843; v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang kho&#7867;: lu&#244;n c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921;a c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh trong t&#7847;m tay, tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng gh&#7871; c&#243; b&#225;nh xe; d&#7885;n d&#226;y &#273;i&#7879;n, th&#7843;m tr&#417;n v&#224; &#273;&#7891; v&#432;&#7899;ng ch&#226;n kh&#7887;i khu v&#7921;c t&#7853;p; t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; t&#7915;ng n&#7845;c m&#7897;t, v&#224; n&#7845;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n n&#234;n c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#234;n c&#7841;nh; d&#7915;ng ngay khi th&#7845;y ch&#243;ng m&#7863;t, &#273;au ng&#7921;c ho&#7863;c kh&#243; th&#7903;.</p><p>C&#242;n m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#7921;c t&#7871; h&#417;n: x&#7871;p th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t n&#259;m n&#7919;a v&#7851;n c&#242;n t&#7853;p? &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch chia l&#7883;ch t&#244;i th&#7845;y h&#7907;p l&#253; &#8212; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, m&#224; l&#224; c&#225;ch gh&#233;p ba th&#7913; &#273;&#227; c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ri&#234;ng v&#224;o m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ch&#7883;u duy tr&#236; [6].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png" width="1122" height="1402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1402,&quot;width&quot;:1122,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1493951,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ba ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p sau tu&#7893;i 60: m&#244;n m&#236;nh th&#237;ch, t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; t&#7853;p th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/215339524?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Ba ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p sau tu&#7893;i 60: m&#244;n m&#236;nh th&#237;ch, t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; t&#7853;p th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng" title="Ba ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p sau tu&#7893;i 60: m&#244;n m&#236;nh th&#237;ch, t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; t&#7853;p th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCVc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7e0740a-efa5-46c0-b346-4142e834587b_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Ba ph&#7847;n cho m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n: m&#244;n m&#236;nh th&#237;ch &#273;&#7875; c&#242;n quay l&#7841;i, kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; c&#243; s&#7913;c, th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#7883;p s&#7917;a sai.</em></p><p>Quay l&#7841;i bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p s&#225;ng mai c&#7911;a ba m&#7865; b&#7841;n. V&#7851;n &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c quen thu&#7897;c &#273;&#243;, v&#7851;n c&#225;i gh&#7871; &#273;&#243;, v&#7851;n kho&#7843;ng s&#226;n &#273;&#243;. Nh&#432;ng gi&#7901; b&#7841;n c&#243; ba c&#226;u &#273;&#7875; soi: tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#243; l&#250;c n&#224;o d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n kh&#244;ng, hai b&#224;n ch&#226;n c&#243; l&#250;c n&#224;o x&#237;ch l&#7841;i g&#7847;n nhau kh&#244;ng, tay c&#243; l&#250;c n&#224;o r&#7901;i ch&#7895; b&#225;m kh&#244;ng. Tu&#7847;n n&#224;y b&#7841;n &#273;&#7875; nguy&#234;n bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p &#7845;y, hay ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng soi n&#243; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n c&#249;ng ba m&#7865;?</p><h3><strong>C&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</strong></h3><p><strong>&#272;i b&#7897; nhi&#7873;u c&#243; gi&#250;p tr&#225;nh t&#233; ng&#227; kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7911; m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n [1]. Cochrane x&#7871;p c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh ch&#7911; y&#7871;u l&#224; &#273;i b&#7897; v&#224;o nh&#243;m ch&#432;a x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; tr&#234;n s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#233; [1]. &#272;i b&#7897; v&#7851;n t&#7889;t cho tim m&#7841;ch v&#224; s&#7913;c b&#7873;n, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; &#273;&#7915;ng ng&#227; th&#236; c&#7847;n th&#234;m b&#224;i th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng.</p><p><strong>T&#7853;p th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#243; c&#7847;n d&#7909;ng c&#7909; hay ph&#242;ng gym kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng. C&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7873;u d&#249;ng b&#224;i t&#7853;p v&#7899;i tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875;, gh&#7871; v&#224; m&#7863;t b&#224;n c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh [4][6]. Th&#7913; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i d&#7909;ng c&#7909; m&#224; l&#224; m&#7913;c kh&#243;: tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#243; d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n kh&#244;ng, ch&#226;n &#273;&#7871; c&#243; h&#7865;p kh&#244;ng, tay c&#243; b&#7899;t b&#225;m kh&#244;ng [3].</p><p><strong>Bao l&#226;u th&#236; th&#7845;y t&#225;c d&#7909;ng?</strong></p><p>C&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh cho k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#237;ch c&#7921;c th&#432;&#7901;ng k&#233;o d&#224;i nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#224;i tu&#7847;n [1][2]. Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m th&#225;i c&#7921;c quy&#7873;n n&#259;m 2018 &#273;o k&#7871;t qu&#7843; sau 24 tu&#7847;n t&#7853;p hai bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n [4]. Ng&#7915;ng t&#7853;p th&#236; l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#361;ng gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n, n&#234;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236; l&#226;u d&#224;i.</p><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng t&#233; c&#243; n&#234;n t&#7921; t&#7853;p &#7903; nh&#224; kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n t&#7921; t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; m&#7897;t m&#236;nh. Ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915;ng t&#233; trong n&#259;m qua c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t vi&#234;n v&#7853;t l&#253; tr&#7883; li&#7879;u &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;, ch&#7885;n b&#224;i ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;ch t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897; kh&#243;. Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i chuy&#234;n m&#244;n h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n [1][4][6].</p><h3>&#272;&#7885;c ti&#7871;p trong c&#249;ng chu&#7895;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng</h3><p><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-khang-luc-sau-60">N&#7871;u mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u v&#236; sao t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c c&#224;ng quan tr&#7885;ng khi l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-giu-co-sau-60">N&#7871;u &#273;ang ph&#226;n v&#226;n m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n c&#243; &#273;&#7911; gi&#7919; c&#417; kh&#244;ng</a></p><h3><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</strong></h3><ol><li><p>Sherrington C, Fairhall NJ, Wallbank GK, et al. <strong>Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community.</strong> <em>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.</em> 2019;(1):CD012424. <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2/full">https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2/full</a></p></li><li><p>Sherrington C, Fairhall N, Kwok W, et al. <strong>Evidence on physical activity and falls prevention for people aged 65+ years: systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.</strong> <em>International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.</em> 2020;17:144. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7689963/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7689963/</a></p></li><li><p>Sherrington C, Michaleff ZA, Fairhall N, et al. <strong>Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.</strong> <em>British Journal of Sports Medicine.</em> 2017;51(24):1749&#8211;1757. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707740/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707740/</a></p></li><li><p>Li F, Harmer P, Fitzgerald K, et al. <strong>Effectiveness of a therapeutic tai ji quan intervention vs a multimodal exercise intervention to prevent falls among older adults at high risk of falling: a randomized clinical trial.</strong> <em>JAMA Internal Medicine.</em> 2018;178(10):1301&#8211;1310. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30208396/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30208396/</a></p></li><li><p>Haentjens P, Magaziner J, Col&#243;n-Emeric CS, et al. <strong>Meta-analysis: excess mortality after hip fracture among older women and men.</strong> <em>Annals of Internal Medicine.</em> 2010;152(6):380&#8211;390. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20231569/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20231569/</a></p></li><li><p>Thomas S, Mackintosh S, Halbert J. <strong>Does the &#8216;Otago exercise programme&#8217; reduce mortality and falls in older adults?: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</strong> <em>Age and Ageing.</em> 2010;39(6):681&#8211;687. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20817938/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20817938/</a></p></li><li><p>World Health Organization. <strong>WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.</strong> 2020. <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128">https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128</a></p></li></ol><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t ng&#224;y 12 th&#225;ng 9 n&#259;m 2026.</em></p><div><hr></div><div><hr></div><h1></h1><div><hr></div><h1></h1>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Trên 60 tuổi, một buổi tập mỗi tuần có đủ giữ cơ không?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i t&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#7887;e h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c &#273;&#7911; gi&#7919; kh&#7889;i c&#417; l&#226;u d&#224;i. Xem b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#224; c&#225;ch b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u an to&#224;n, d&#7877; &#225;p d&#7909;ng h&#417;n.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-giu-co-sau-60</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-giu-co-sau-60</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 06 Sep 2026 06:23:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png" width="1456" height="765" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:765,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2288327,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Minh h&#7885;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#224;n &#244;ng l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i t&#7853;p k&#233;o d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i c&#7841;nh hai c&#7897;t s&#7889; li&#7879;u: m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n t&#259;ng 37% s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; ba bu&#7893;i t&#259;ng 39,7%, theo th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Taaffe n&#259;m 1999.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214387484?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Minh h&#7885;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#224;n &#244;ng l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i t&#7853;p k&#233;o d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i c&#7841;nh hai c&#7897;t s&#7889; li&#7879;u: m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n t&#259;ng 37% s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; ba bu&#7893;i t&#259;ng 39,7%, theo th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Taaffe n&#259;m 1999." title="Minh h&#7885;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#224;n &#244;ng l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i t&#7853;p k&#233;o d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i c&#7841;nh hai c&#7897;t s&#7889; li&#7879;u: m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n t&#259;ng 37% s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; ba bu&#7893;i t&#259;ng 39,7%, theo th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Taaffe n&#259;m 1999." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4xA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91c09517-1ccf-4fb9-acb0-7bdeef6fc9e0_1731x909.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Hai con s&#7889; l&#224; m&#7913;c t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh trung b&#236;nh sau 24 tu&#7847;n trong th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Taaffe; nh&#226;n v&#7853;t v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i ch&#7881; d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; minh h&#7885;a, kh&#244;ng m&#244; ph&#7887;ng ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u [1].</strong></em></p><p></p><p>M&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n tr&#234;n 46 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 65&#8211;79 tu&#7893;i cho th&#7845;y t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n gi&#250;p s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#259;ng g&#7847;n b&#7857;ng ba bu&#7893;i, sau 24 tu&#7847;n [1]. &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p nh&#7865; cho c&#243;: h&#7885; d&#249;ng m&#7913;c t&#7841; b&#7857;ng 80% s&#7913;c t&#7889;i &#273;a n&#226;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t l&#7847;n, th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ba hi&#7879;p c&#7911;a t&#225;m b&#224;i nh&#7855;m v&#224;o c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#417; ch&#237;nh [1].</p><p>Th&#244;ng tin n&#224;y gi&#250;p gi&#7843;i m&#7897;t b&#224;i to&#225;n r&#7845;t &#273;&#7901;i th&#432;&#7901;ng. N&#7871;u l&#7883;ch ba bu&#7893;i khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n c&#7913; tr&#236; ho&#227;n, m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i nghi&#234;m t&#250;c v&#7851;n &#273;&#225;ng l&#224;m. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; gi&#7919; c&#417; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; kh&#7887;e h&#417;n, b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ch&#432;a cho ph&#233;p d&#7915;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#7903; &#273;&#243;.</p><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i n&#234;n xem hai bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n l&#224; m&#7889;c th&#7921;c h&#224;nh h&#7907;p l&#253; [6]. N&#7871;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i ch&#7881; x&#7871;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i, c&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n cho th&#7845;y bu&#7893;i &#273;&#243; v&#7851;n c&#243; &#237;ch cho s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh [1][2]. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ch&#432;a th&#7875; g&#7885;i m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i l&#224; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; kh&#7889;i c&#417; l&#226;u d&#224;i.</strong></p><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i c&#7847;n t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c bao nhi&#234;u l&#224; &#273;&#7911;?</strong></h2><p><strong>WHO khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh t&#7853;p c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#417; ch&#237;nh &#237;t nh&#7845;t hai ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n [6]. T&#7915; 65 tu&#7893;i, khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; c&#242;n th&#234;m v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;a th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n nh&#7845;n v&#224;o s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng t&#7915; ba ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n [6]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7913;c v&#236; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#244;ng th&#7913;c t&#7889;i &#432;u c&#417; b&#7855;p cho t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i.</strong></p><p><a href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/336656/9789240015128-eng.pdf">H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7875; ch&#7845;t n&#259;m 2020 c&#7911;a WHO</a> kh&#244;ng quy &#273;&#7883;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i ph&#7843;i &#273;i b&#7897; hay v&#224;o ph&#242;ng gym. H&#7885; khuy&#234;n duy tr&#236; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng aerobic, t&#7853;p c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#417; ch&#237;nh v&#224; &#8212; t&#7915; 65 tu&#7893;i &#8212; th&#234;m ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#7899;i th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng [6].</p><p>M&#7889;c hai bu&#7893;i l&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i chung cho c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng. N&#243; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i th&#224;nh v&#244; &#237;ch. V&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7913; ch&#7901; &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c r&#7843;nh ho&#224;n h&#7843;o, m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; c&#226;y c&#7847;u &#273;&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n c&#226;y c&#7847;u &#7845;y th&#224;nh b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng r&#7857;ng m&#7885;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng.</p><h2><strong>V&#236; sao ph&#7843;i t&#225;ch kh&#7889;i c&#417; kh&#7887;i s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh?</strong></h2><p><strong>Sau tu&#7893;i 75, kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#7843;m ch&#432;a t&#7899;i 1% m&#7895;i n&#259;m, trong khi s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;m kho&#7843;ng 2,5&#8211;4% m&#7895;i n&#259;m [7]. Hai qu&#225; tr&#236;nh c&#243; li&#234;n quan nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng tr&#249;ng nhau. M&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh gi&#250;p b&#7841;n kh&#7887;e h&#417;n ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c t&#7841;o ra m&#7913;c thay &#273;&#7893;i t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng v&#7873; k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c ho&#7863;c kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417;.</strong></p><p><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3429036/">T&#7893;ng quan &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a Mitchell v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> cho th&#7845;y sau tu&#7893;i 75, s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh gi&#7843;m nhanh h&#417;n kh&#7889;i c&#417; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n [7]. S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#361;ng li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i nguy c&#417; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; t&#224;n ph&#7871; nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n h&#417;n l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n [7]. C&#417; m&#7845;t ch&#7853;m. S&#7913;c c&#243; th&#7875; m&#7845;t nhanh h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1100783,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Infographic c&#243; hai &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7889;c cho th&#7845;y sau tu&#7893;i 75, kh&#7889;i c&#417; gi&#7843;m kho&#7843;ng 0,6&#8211;1% m&#7895;i n&#259;m c&#242;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh gi&#7843;m 2,5&#8211;4% m&#7895;i n&#259;m; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh m&#7845;t nhanh g&#7845;p hai &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m l&#7847;n, theo Mitchell n&#259;m 2012.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214387484?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Infographic c&#243; hai &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7889;c cho th&#7845;y sau tu&#7893;i 75, kh&#7889;i c&#417; gi&#7843;m kho&#7843;ng 0,6&#8211;1% m&#7895;i n&#259;m c&#242;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh gi&#7843;m 2,5&#8211;4% m&#7895;i n&#259;m; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh m&#7845;t nhanh g&#7845;p hai &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m l&#7847;n, theo Mitchell n&#259;m 2012." title="Infographic c&#243; hai &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7889;c cho th&#7845;y sau tu&#7893;i 75, kh&#7889;i c&#417; gi&#7843;m kho&#7843;ng 0,6&#8211;1% m&#7895;i n&#259;m c&#242;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh gi&#7843;m 2,5&#8211;4% m&#7895;i n&#259;m; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh m&#7845;t nhanh g&#7845;p hai &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m l&#7847;n, theo Mitchell n&#259;m 2012." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDF7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f7e9a74-a010-4745-aeb2-b22ba5f4dbf0_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Kh&#7889;i c&#417; v&#224; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh kh&#244;ng gi&#7843;m c&#249;ng t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897;. C&#225;c kho&#7843;ng s&#7889; li&#7879;u l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u d&#7885;c &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i kho&#7843;ng 75 tu&#7893;i trong Mitchell v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; [7].</strong></em></p><p></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; ti&#234;u &#273;&#7873; &#8220;gi&#7919; c&#417;&#8221; d&#7877; &#273;&#225;nh l&#7915;a ch&#237;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t. Ta nh&#236;n b&#7855;p tay nh&#7887; &#273;i, nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7873;u l&#224;m cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i tr&#432;&#7899;c th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; ph&#7843;i ch&#7889;ng tay m&#7899;i &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n, kh&#244;ng c&#242;n x&#225;ch n&#7893;i m&#243;n &#273;&#7891; quen, ho&#7863;c ch&#7853;m m&#7897;t nh&#7883;p khi c&#7847;n gh&#236;m ng&#432;&#7901;i. V&#236; th&#7871;, b&#224;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng &#8220;s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh&#8221;, &#8220;ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;kh&#7889;i c&#417;&#8221; thay cho nhau.</p><h2><strong>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; nhi&#7873;u bu&#7893;i th&#7853;t s&#7921; cho th&#7845;y g&#236;?</strong></h2><p><strong>Taaffe th&#7845;y m&#7897;t, hai v&#224; ba bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n cho m&#7913;c t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh g&#7847;n nhau sau 24 tu&#7847;n [1]. Baxter th&#7845;y m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i 12 ph&#250;t v&#7851;n c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t, c&#242;n nh&#243;m hai bu&#7893;i c&#243; m&#7913;c t&#259;ng b&#7873; d&#224;y c&#417; l&#7899;n h&#417;n v&#7873; m&#7863;t trung b&#236;nh [2]. C&#7843; hai &#273;&#7873;u ch&#432;a tr&#7843; l&#7901;i chuy&#7879;n gi&#7919; c&#417; nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m.</strong></p><p>N&#259;m 1999, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10522954/">Taaffe v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> chia ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia v&#224;o nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng ho&#7863;c t&#7853;p m&#7897;t, hai hay ba ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n [1]. Sau 24 tu&#7847;n, s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#259;ng trung b&#236;nh 37,0%, 41,9% v&#224; 39,7% &#7903; ba nh&#243;m t&#7853;p; nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng t&#259;ng 3,9% [1]. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t r&#245; gi&#7919;a ba t&#7847;n su&#7845;t v&#7873; m&#7913;c t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh [1].</p><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Taaffe c&#242;n &#273;o th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#417; th&#7875; b&#7857;ng DXA v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n kh&#7887;i gh&#7871; [1]. Nh&#432;ng k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n ch&#237;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng b&#7889; l&#224; m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c hai bu&#7893;i t&#7841;o m&#7913;c t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; ba bu&#7893;i v&#224; &#273;i c&#249;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t th&#7847;n kinh&#8211;c&#417; [1]. V&#236; v&#7853;y, kh&#244;ng n&#234;n k&#233;o k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#7845;y th&#224;nh &#8220;m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n gi&#7919; kh&#7889;i c&#417; ngang ba bu&#7893;i&#8221;.</p><p>N&#259;m 2024, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-59788-9">Baxter v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> ph&#226;n t&#237;ch 36 ng&#432;&#7901;i thu&#7897;c ba nh&#243;m: &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng, t&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; t&#7853;p hai bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n [2]. M&#7895;i bu&#7893;i k&#233;o d&#224;i 12 ph&#250;t tr&#234;n m&#225;y t&#7853;p chuy&#234;n d&#7909;ng, ch&#7881; t&#7853;p ph&#7847;n h&#7841; ch&#7853;m c&#7911;a &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c v&#224; d&#249;ng kho&#7843;ng 50% s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh l&#7879;ch t&#226;m t&#7889;i &#273;a [2]. Nh&#432; l&#250;c b&#7841;n h&#7841; ng&#432;&#7901;i xu&#7889;ng gh&#7871; &#8212; nh&#432;ng c&#243; m&#225;y ki&#7875;m so&#225;t l&#7921;c.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png" width="1200" height="381" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:381,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:86986,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh 4 g&#7889;c c&#7911;a Baxter g&#7891;m hai &#273;&#7891; th&#7883;. &#272;&#7891; th&#7883; a bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n l&#7921;c xo&#7855;n du&#7895;i g&#7889;i &#273;&#7859;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a; &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; b bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n l&#7921;c l&#7879;ch t&#226;m t&#7889;i &#273;a. CON l&#224; nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p, G1X t&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; G2X t&#7853;p hai bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n; ba &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915; tr&#225;i sang ph&#7843;i l&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c, gi&#7919;a v&#224; sau 12 tu&#7847;n.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh 4 g&#7889;c c&#7911;a Baxter g&#7891;m hai &#273;&#7891; th&#7883;. &#272;&#7891; th&#7883; a bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n l&#7921;c xo&#7855;n du&#7895;i g&#7889;i &#273;&#7859;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a; &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; b bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n l&#7921;c l&#7879;ch t&#226;m t&#7889;i &#273;a. CON l&#224; nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p, G1X t&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; G2X t&#7853;p hai bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n; ba &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915; tr&#225;i sang ph&#7843;i l&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c, gi&#7919;a v&#224; sau 12 tu&#7847;n.&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214387484?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh 4 g&#7889;c c&#7911;a Baxter g&#7891;m hai &#273;&#7891; th&#7883;. &#272;&#7891; th&#7883; a bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n l&#7921;c xo&#7855;n du&#7895;i g&#7889;i &#273;&#7859;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a; &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; b bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n l&#7921;c l&#7879;ch t&#226;m t&#7889;i &#273;a. CON l&#224; nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p, G1X t&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; G2X t&#7853;p hai bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n; ba &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915; tr&#225;i sang ph&#7843;i l&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c, gi&#7919;a v&#224; sau 12 tu&#7847;n." title="H&#236;nh 4 g&#7889;c c&#7911;a Baxter g&#7891;m hai &#273;&#7891; th&#7883;. &#272;&#7891; th&#7883; a bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n l&#7921;c xo&#7855;n du&#7895;i g&#7889;i &#273;&#7859;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a; &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; b bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n l&#7921;c l&#7879;ch t&#226;m t&#7889;i &#273;a. CON l&#224; nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p, G1X t&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; G2X t&#7853;p hai bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n; ba &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915; tr&#225;i sang ph&#7843;i l&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c, gi&#7919;a v&#224; sau 12 tu&#7847;n." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!54he!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F917de21f-a451-4cca-b376-79b6a4411d18_1200x381.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>H&#236;nh 4 g&#7889;c cho th&#7845;y di&#7877;n ti&#7871;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh &#7903; nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p, t&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; hai bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n. Ngu&#7891;n: Baxter v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Scientific Reports 2024, CC BY 4.0; h&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a [2]. <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a></strong></em></p><p>Hai nh&#243;m t&#7853;p t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; c&#244;ng su&#7845;t v&#7899;i m&#7913;c kh&#225; g&#7847;n nhau [2]. B&#7873; d&#224;y c&#417; &#273;&#249;i t&#259;ng trung b&#236;nh 8,7% &#7903; nh&#243;m m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; 17,7% &#7903; nh&#243;m hai bu&#7893;i [2]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; hai m&#7913;c thay &#273;&#7893;i trong t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m; c&#243; th&#7875; n&#243;i nh&#243;m hai bu&#7893;i t&#259;ng nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#7873; m&#7863;t con s&#7889;, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh l&#7901;i kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n r&#7857;ng &#8220;t&#7853;p hai bu&#7893;i ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n l&#224;m c&#417; d&#224;y g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i&#8221;.</p><p><strong>N&#259;m ngu&#7891;n ch&#237;nh &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p ph&#7847;n n&#224;o cho c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Taaffe 1999 &#8212; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, 24 tu&#7847;n:</strong> m&#7897;t &#273;&#7871;n ba bu&#7893;i cho m&#7913;c t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh g&#7847;n nhau; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; gi&#7919; c&#417; l&#226;u d&#224;i [1].</p></li><li><p><strong>Baxter 2024 &#8212; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, 12 tu&#7847;n:</strong> m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i 12 ph&#250;t c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng th&#7847;n kinh&#8211;c&#417;; hai bu&#7893;i t&#7841;o g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i t&#7893;ng th&#7901;i gian t&#7853;p m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n v&#224; m&#7913;c t&#259;ng b&#7873; d&#224;y c&#417; trung b&#236;nh l&#7899;n h&#417;n [2].</p></li><li><p><strong>Steib 2010 &#8212; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p:</strong> t&#7853;p n&#7863;ng h&#417;n gi&#250;p t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7889;i &#273;a nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o &#432;u th&#7871; r&#245; t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng cho ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#242;n &#237;t [3].</p></li><li><p><strong>Borde 2015 &#8212; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p:</strong> hai bu&#7893;i c&#243; m&#7913;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; trung b&#236;nh l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh trong kho&#7843;ng t&#7847;n su&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c so s&#225;nh, nh&#432;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7847;n th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng v&#236; ph&#7841;m vi ch&#7911; y&#7871;u ch&#7881; t&#7915; hai &#273;&#7871;n ba bu&#7893;i [4].</p></li><li><p><strong>Li 2025 &#8212; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#244; h&#236;nh &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; sarcopenia:</strong> kho&#7843;ng hai &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m bu&#7893;i li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n l&#7921;c n&#7855;m tay; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh to&#224;n th&#226;n hay kh&#7889;i c&#417; [5].</p></li></ul><p>&#272;i&#7875;m chung kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i l&#224; &#273;&#7911;&#8221; hay &#8220;ba bu&#7893;i m&#7899;i &#273;&#225;ng t&#7853;p&#8221;. &#272;i&#7875;m chung l&#224; li&#7873;u t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c th&#7913; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n gi&#7919;. M&#7897;t bu&#7893;i c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225; &#273;&#7865;p cho s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n. V&#7899;i kh&#7889;i c&#417;, ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng r&#7897;ng v&#224; nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m v&#7873; sau, c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#242;n m&#7903;.</p><h2><strong>Nh&#7919;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</strong></h2><p><strong>Taaffe v&#224; Baxter ch&#7881; k&#233;o d&#224;i 12&#8211;24 tu&#7847;n, m&#7895;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#243; d&#432;&#7899;i 50 ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; ch&#7911; y&#7871;u tuy&#7875;n ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i kh&#7887;e [1][2]. Baxter c&#242;n d&#249;ng h&#236;nh th&#7913;c t&#7853;p l&#7879;ch t&#226;m tr&#234;n m&#225;y chuy&#234;n d&#7909;ng [2]. Ch&#250;ng ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7911; ng&#259;n t&#233; ng&#227;, gi&#7919; kh&#7889;i c&#417; ho&#7863;c duy tr&#236; t&#7921; ch&#7911; trong nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m.</strong></p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i. Taaffe tuy&#7875;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e s&#7889;ng trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng; Baxter nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p, kh&#244;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng [1][2]. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng nguy&#234;n v&#7865;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; y&#7871;u, c&#243; nhi&#7873;u b&#7879;nh n&#7873;n ho&#7863;c m&#7899;i h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c sau n&#7857;m vi&#7879;n.</p><p>T&#7927; l&#7879; sarcopenia &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12275513/">Abellan Van Kan t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p</a> dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 8&#8211;40%, t&#249;y &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a v&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;o [8]. Kho&#7843;ng r&#7897;ng n&#224;y nh&#7855;c m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u kh&#243; ch&#7883;u: ngay c&#7843; &#8220;m&#7845;t c&#417;&#8221; c&#361;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7885;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;o gi&#7889;ng nhau.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng ngu&#7891;n n&#224;o trong b&#224;i tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u th&#7921;c t&#7871; nh&#7845;t: t&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n su&#7889;t n&#259;m n&#259;m c&#243; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7851;n t&#7921; &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#7903; tu&#7893;i 80 hay kh&#244;ng [1][2][3][4][5]. Kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng &#7845;y ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n, kh&#244;ng l&#7845;p b&#7857;ng s&#7921; t&#7921; tin c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t.</p><h2><strong>V&#7853;y ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i n&#234;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p><strong>H&#227;y h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i &#237;t nh&#7845;t hai bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#417; ch&#237;nh m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n [6]. N&#7871;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i ch&#7881; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i, c&#7913; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#224; t&#259;ng d&#7847;n khi l&#7883;ch s&#7889;ng cho ph&#233;p [1][2]. M&#7897;t bu&#7893;i l&#224; m&#7913;c kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; cho s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7845;y b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m gi&#7919; c&#417; l&#226;u d&#224;i hay l&#253; do t&#7853;p th&#7853;t n&#7863;ng.</strong></p><p>Bu&#7893;i &#273;&#7847;u kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7911; t&#225;m b&#224;i nh&#432; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Taaffe [1]. Ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c cho ch&#226;n, m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#7849;y v&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c k&#233;o m&#224; b&#7841;n ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Khi b&#224;i hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i &#273;&#227; nh&#7865;, t&#259;ng l&#7921;c c&#7843;n, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c. &#272;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n tr&#432;&#7899;c. Ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p t&#237;nh sau.</p><p>N&#7871;u t&#7853;p l&#224;m xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n &#7907; chua, b&#224;i v&#7873; <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/trao-nguoc-tap-khang-luc">c&#225;ch ch&#7881;nh t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c khi b&#7883; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c</a> gi&#250;p t&#225;ch v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; t&#432; th&#7871; kh&#7887;i chuy&#7879;n m&#7913;c t&#7841;. N&#7871;u kh&#243; ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7871;n sau &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng b&#7893; sung, xem b&#224;i v&#7873; <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ban-tap-xong-khong-sao-ba-muoi-phut">th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m u&#7889;ng whey sau t&#7853;p</a>; d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong b&#224;i &#273;&#243; ch&#7911; y&#7871;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh.</p><p>&#272;&#7915;ng t&#7921; t&#259;ng n&#7863;ng n&#7871;u b&#7879;nh tim m&#7841;ch ch&#432;a ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, &#273;au kh&#7899;p c&#7845;p ho&#7863;c ch&#243;ng m&#7863;t khi g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c. Nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y c&#7847;n b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c chuy&#234;n vi&#234;n ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p>Quay l&#7841;i c&#225;i l&#7883;ch ba bu&#7893;i d&#7877; r&#417;i xu&#7889;ng cu&#7889;i danh s&#225;ch. N&#7871;u &#273;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do b&#7841;n ch&#432;a b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u, h&#227;y x&#7871;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i tr&#432;&#7899;c. Nh&#432;ng khi bu&#7893;i &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#227; th&#224;nh th&#243;i quen, &#273;&#7915;ng l&#7845;y nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n l&#224;m c&#7899; &#273;&#7913;ng y&#234;n m&#227;i &#7903; m&#7913;c t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u.</p><p>Tu&#7847;n n&#224;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c ch&#7901; m&#7897;t l&#7883;ch t&#7853;p ho&#224;n h&#7843;o &#8212; hay d&#224;nh ch&#7895; cho bu&#7893;i &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n?</p><p>N&#7871;u mu&#7889;n theo d&#245;i chu&#7895;i b&#224;i t&#225;ch ri&#234;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, kh&#7889;i c&#417;, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng huy&#7871;t v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng khi l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i, h&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; newsletter.</p><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7887;i g&#236; v&#7873; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c?</strong></h2><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7887;i m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i c&#243; ph&#237; c&#244;ng kh&#244;ng, hai bu&#7893;i c&#243; b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c kh&#244;ng v&#224; ph&#7843;i n&#226;ng n&#7863;ng t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;u. C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ng&#7855;n: m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#7851;n c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; cho s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh; hai bu&#7893;i l&#224; m&#7889;c khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; chung; m&#7913;c t&#7841; c&#7847;n t&#259;ng d&#7847;n theo kh&#7843; n&#259;ng, kh&#244;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng c&#7889; h&#7871;t s&#7913;c [1][2][6].</strong></p><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i t&#7853;p m&#7845;y bu&#7893;i kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n l&#224; &#273;&#7911;?</strong></p><p>WHO khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; t&#7853;p c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#417; ch&#237;nh &#237;t nh&#7845;t hai ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n [6]. M&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh trong nh&#7919;ng th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m gi&#7919; kh&#7889;i c&#417; nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m [1][2]. H&#227;y xem hai bu&#7893;i l&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u.</p><p><strong>T&#7853;p m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n c&#243; ph&#237; c&#244;ng kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng. Taaffe th&#7845;y m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh trung b&#236;nh 37,0% sau 24 tu&#7847;n, g&#7847;n v&#7899;i nh&#243;m ba bu&#7893;i l&#224; 39,7% [1]. Baxter c&#361;ng ghi nh&#7853;n l&#7907;i &#237;ch th&#7847;n kinh&#8211;c&#417; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i 12 ph&#250;t [2]. Nh&#432;ng hai k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n n&#224;y ch&#432;a tr&#7843; l&#7901;i vi&#7879;c gi&#7919; kh&#7889;i c&#417; su&#7889;t nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m.</p><p><strong>C&#243; c&#7847;n t&#7853;p t&#7841; th&#7853;t n&#7863;ng m&#7899;i gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#417; sau 60 tu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng t&#7841; n&#7863;ng. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7911;a Borde th&#7845;y kho&#7843;ng 70&#8211;79% s&#7913;c n&#226;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a cho hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh l&#7899;n, nh&#432;ng t&#225;c gi&#7843; y&#234;u c&#7847;u &#273;&#7885;c th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng v&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i cao tu&#7893;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh [4]. Ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i n&#234;n &#432;u ti&#234;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, l&#7921;c c&#7843;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#224; t&#259;ng d&#7847;n.</p><p><strong>Sarcopenia l&#224; g&#236;, c&#243; ph&#7843;i ai tr&#234;n 60 tu&#7893;i c&#361;ng m&#7855;c?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng. Sarcopenia l&#224; t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng suy gi&#7843;m c&#417; li&#234;n quan tu&#7893;i t&#225;c, nh&#432;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 8&#8211;40% t&#249;y &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a v&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;o [8]. Kho&#7843;ng r&#7897;ng &#7845;y cho th&#7845;y tu&#7893;i tr&#234;n gi&#7845;y kh&#244;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng th&#224;nh ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n; c&#7847;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; trong &#273;&#250;ng b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh.</p><p></p><p>&#272;&#7885;c ti&#7871;p trong c&#249;ng chu&#7895;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng</p><p><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-khang-luc-sau-60">N&#7871;u mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u v&#236; sao t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c c&#224;ng quan tr&#7885;ng khi l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-the-duc-gerd">N&#7871;u tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n ph&#226;n v&#226;n c&#243; n&#234;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/trao-nguoc-tap-khang-luc">N&#7871;u ch&#7881; m&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#432; th&#7871; n&#226;ng t&#7841; l&#224;m b&#7841;n kh&#243; ch&#7883;u</a></p><h3><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</strong></h3><ol><li><p>Taaffe DR, Duret C, Wheeler S, Marcus R. <strong>Once-weekly resistance exercise improves muscle strength and neuromuscular performance in older adults.</strong> <em>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.</em> 1999;47(10):1208&#8211;1214. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10522954/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10522954/</a></p></li><li><p>Baxter BA, Baross AW, Ryan DJ, Tkadlec S, Kay AD. <strong>Effects of once- versus twice-weekly eccentric resistance training on muscular function and structure in older adults: a randomised controlled trial.</strong> <em>Scientific Reports.</em> 2024;14:9638. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-59788-9">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-59788-9</a></p></li><li><p>Steib S, Schoene D, Pfeifer K. <strong>Dose-response relationship of resistance training in older adults: a meta-analysis.</strong> <em>Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise.</em> 2010;42(5):902&#8211;914. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19996996/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19996996/</a></p></li><li><p>Borde R, Hortob&#225;gyi T, Granacher U. <strong>Dose&#8211;response relationships of resistance training in healthy old adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</strong> <em>Sports Medicine.</em> 2015;45(12):1693&#8211;1720. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4656698/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4656698/</a></p></li><li><p>Li HR v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <strong>Optimal dose of resistance training to improve handgrip strength in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis.</strong> <em>Frontiers in Physiology.</em> 2025;16:1564988. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12263917/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12263917/</a></p></li><li><p>World Health Organization. <strong>WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour.</strong> 2020. <a href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/336656/9789240015128-eng.pdf">https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/336656/9789240015128-eng.pdf</a></p></li><li><p>Mitchell WK v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <strong>Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review.</strong> <em>Frontiers in Physiology.</em> 2012;3:260. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3429036/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3429036/</a></p></li><li><p>Abellan Van Kan G. <strong>Epidemiology and consequences of sarcopenia.</strong> <em>The Journal of Nutrition, Health &amp; Aging.</em> 2009;13(8):708&#8211;712. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12275513/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12275513/</a></p></li></ol><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t ng&#224;y 5 th&#225;ng 9 n&#259;m 2026</em></p><div><hr></div><h1></h1>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Người lớn tuổi cần tập kháng lực thế nào để giữ sức mạnh ?]]></title><description><![CDATA[T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#7919; c&#417;. N&#243; gi&#7919; kho&#7843;ng d&#7921; tr&#7919; &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n c&#242;n t&#7921; &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n, x&#225;ch &#273;&#7891; v&#224; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n &#8212; m&#224; kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i n&#226;ng t&#7841; n&#7863;ng.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-khang-luc-sau-60</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-khang-luc-sau-60</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 12:34:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:6183366,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Minh ho&#7841; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;ang t&#7853;p squat v&#7899;i gh&#7871; trong ph&#242;ng kh&#225;ch s&#225;ng, k&#232;m d&#242;ng ch&#7919; \&quot;C&#417; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; m&#7841;nh\&quot; &#8212; c&#225;ch b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#242;ng gym.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214271619?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Minh ho&#7841; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;ang t&#7853;p squat v&#7899;i gh&#7871; trong ph&#242;ng kh&#225;ch s&#225;ng, k&#232;m d&#242;ng ch&#7919; &quot;C&#417; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; m&#7841;nh&quot; &#8212; c&#225;ch b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#242;ng gym." title="Minh ho&#7841; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;ang t&#7853;p squat v&#7899;i gh&#7871; trong ph&#242;ng kh&#225;ch s&#225;ng, k&#232;m d&#242;ng ch&#7919; &quot;C&#417; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; m&#7841;nh&quot; &#8212; c&#225;ch b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#242;ng gym." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Xe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd290ad8-393d-44c2-aae6-da371b003e9d_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h1></h1><p>&#272;&#7885;c xong b&#224;i n&#224;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; bi&#7871;t v&#236; sao &#273;i b&#7897; l&#224; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911;, v&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7853;p l&#7921;c c&#7843;n t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u ngay trong nh&#224;. C&#225;i m&#7899;i n&#7857;m &#7903; m&#7897;t t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p n&#259;m 2025 gom 151 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n tr&#234;n 6.306 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 60 tu&#7893;i: ngay c&#7843; kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7853;p th&#7845;p c&#361;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng, k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c c&#417; v&#224; kh&#7889;i n&#7841;c &#8212; ph&#7847;n c&#417; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7905; [1].</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n th&#226;n h&#236;nh nhi&#7873;u c&#417;. H&#7885; c&#7847;n d&#432; s&#7913;c so v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c ph&#7843;i l&#224;m m&#7895;i ng&#224;y &#8212; t&#7921; &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n kh&#7887;i gh&#7871;, x&#225;ch &#273;&#7891;, b&#432;&#7899;c xu&#7889;ng b&#7853;c th&#7873;m. Ph&#7847;n d&#432; &#273;&#243; m&#7887;ng d&#7847;n theo tu&#7893;i. &#272;&#7871;n l&#250;c m&#7887;ng qu&#225;, vi&#7879;c t&#7915;ng r&#7845;t nh&#7865; b&#7895;ng th&#224;nh ph&#7843;i g&#7855;ng h&#7871;t s&#7913;c: &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y m&#224; ph&#7843;i l&#7855;c l&#432; l&#7845;y &#273;&#224;, t&#236; c&#7843; hai tay l&#234;n &#273;&#7847;u g&#7889;i m&#7899;i nh&#7845;c n&#7893;i th&#226;n m&#236;nh. T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c l&#224;m d&#224;y l&#7841;i &#273;&#250;ng ph&#7847;n d&#7921; tr&#7919; &#7845;y.</p><p>V&#224; &#8220;t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c&#8221; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i n&#226;ng t&#7841; n&#7863;ng: gh&#7871; &#259;n, b&#7913;c t&#432;&#7901;ng, d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i hay ch&#237;nh tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#7873;u d&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8212; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 80 tu&#7893;i v&#7851;n t&#259;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh khi t&#7853;p &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch [3][5].</p><p><strong>T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#225;ng c&#243; m&#7863;t trong k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i nh&#7857;m r&#232;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t l&#7921;c khi &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y, x&#225;ch &#273;&#7891; v&#224; gi&#7919; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#242;ng gym hay t&#7841; n&#7863;ng; kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u nh&#7887; t&#7841;i nh&#224; v&#7851;n c&#243; &#237;ch n&#7871;u b&#224;i t&#7853;p &#273;&#7911; th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#224; t&#259;ng d&#7847;n [1][4][5].</strong></p><h2><strong>V&#236; sao s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#8220;kho&#7843;n d&#7921; tr&#7919;&#8221; khi l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i?</strong></h2><p><strong>S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#417; b&#7855;p t&#7841;o kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch an to&#224;n gi&#7919;a kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i c&#7911;a sinh ho&#7841;t h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y. Kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch c&#224;ng l&#7899;n, &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y, leo b&#7853;c hay x&#225;ch &#273;&#7891; c&#224;ng nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng. T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c l&#224; c&#225;ch tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; duy tr&#236; kho&#7843;ng d&#7921; tr&#7919; &#7845;y [1][3].</strong></p><p>Hai ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng 70 tu&#7893;i c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7889;ng hai th&#7921;c t&#7871; r&#7845;t kh&#225;c nhau: m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n d&#7913;t kho&#225;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i kia ph&#7843;i t&#236; tay l&#7845;y &#273;&#224; ch&#7853;t v&#7853;t. B&#7879;nh n&#7873;n, ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng hay dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; ph&#7847;n. Nh&#432;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#417; b&#7855;p l&#224; th&#7913; ta ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7853;p l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>&#272;i b&#7897; m&#7895;i ng&#224;y v&#7851;n r&#7845;t &#273;&#225;ng gi&#7919;: n&#243; r&#232;n s&#7913;c b&#7873;n v&#224; gi&#250;p tim ph&#7893;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c t&#7889;t. Nh&#432;ng m&#7897;t h&#236;nh th&#7913;c kh&#244;ng g&#225;nh h&#7871;t m&#7885;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u. &#272;i b&#7897; tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7857;ng l&#224; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i t&#7843;i tr&#7885;ng quen thu&#7897;c; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c cho ta c&#225;ch ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#259;ng d&#7847;n l&#7921;c c&#7843;n.</p><p><a href="https://www.who.int/southeastasia/publications/i/item/9789240015128">H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a WHO</a> v&#236; v&#7853;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t b&#7887; m&#7897;t: ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; v&#7915;a v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng aerobic, v&#7915;a t&#7853;p t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#417; ch&#237;nh &#237;t nh&#7845;t hai ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;a th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n nh&#7845;n v&#224;o s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng n&#234;n xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n t&#7915; ba ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; ph&#242;ng t&#233; ng&#227; [4]. &#272;i b&#7897; v&#224; kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c l&#224; hai m&#7843;nh gh&#233;p b&#7893; tr&#7907;. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i hai phe.</p><h2><strong>T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c c&#243; nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t l&#224; n&#226;ng t&#7841; n&#7863;ng kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p><strong>Kh&#244;ng. T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c l&#224; nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c sinh h&#7885;c: c&#417; co l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; th&#7855;ng ho&#7863;c ki&#7875;m so&#225;t l&#7921;c c&#7843;n. T&#7841; ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909;. Tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875;, d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i, m&#225;y t&#7853;p hay &#273;&#7891; v&#7853;t trong nh&#224; &#273;&#7873;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; n&#7871;u &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c c&#243; ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch, &#273;&#7911; kh&#243; v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng ti&#7871;n d&#7847;n [5].</strong></p><p>M&#7897;t l&#7847;n &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y kh&#7887;i gh&#7871; l&#224; sinh ho&#7841;t. Nh&#432;ng l&#7863;p l&#7841;i &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng c&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i, r&#7891;i t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; khi &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y qu&#225; nh&#7865; &#8212; l&#250;c &#7845;y n&#243; ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c th&#224;nh b&#224;i t&#7853;p. Kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t n&#7857;m &#7903; li&#7873;u t&#7853;p v&#224; s&#7921; ti&#7871;n tri&#7875;n, kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c tr&#234;n tay b&#7841;n c&#243; c&#7847;m c&#7909;c t&#7841; s&#7855;t hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p><a href="https://acsm.org/resistance-training-guidelines-update-2026/">Khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o ACSM n&#259;m 2026</a> t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 137 t&#7893;ng quan h&#7879; th&#7889;ng v&#7899;i h&#417;n 30.000 ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh &#273;&#227; kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh: ph&#242;ng gym truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c; d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i, tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#7841;i nh&#224; &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh, k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c c&#417; v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng [5]. Th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p c&#7911;a h&#7885; r&#7845;t th&#7859;ng th&#7855;n: t&#237;nh &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m m&#7897;t gi&#225;o &#225;n c&#7847;u k&#7923;.</p><p>Gh&#7871; &#259;n, b&#7913;c t&#432;&#7901;ng, m&#233;p b&#224;n, d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i, b&#7853;c th&#7873;m &#8212; d&#249;ng c&#225;i n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, mi&#7877;n b&#7841;n t&#259;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; theo th&#7901;i gian. Ba &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c c&#7909; th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u n&#7857;m &#7903; cu&#7889;i b&#224;i.</p><h2><strong>M&#7897;t kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7853;p kh&#225; nh&#7865; c&#243; th&#7853;t s&#7921; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p><strong>C&#243;, nh&#7845;t l&#224; v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#242;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i kh&#7887;e. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p n&#259;m 2025 cho th&#7845;y b&#224;i t&#7853;p kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#7845;p &#273;&#227; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y&#8211;&#273;i l&#7841;i, qu&#227;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;i s&#225;u ph&#250;t, kh&#7889;i n&#7841;c v&#224; k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c c&#417; [1]. Kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng b&#224;i t&#7853;p v&#7915;a ho&#7863;c cao h&#7919;u &#237;ch h&#417;n n&#7871;u m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7889;i &#273;a [1].</strong></p><p>Trong <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39405023/">ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7911;a Radaelli v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a>, c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 151 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n c&#243; gi&#225;m s&#225;t v&#7899;i 6.306 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 60 tu&#7893;i [1]. C&#7847;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7919; &#8220;kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng&#8221;: &#273;&#226;y l&#224; t&#7893;ng s&#7889; bu&#7893;i, s&#7889; b&#224;i v&#224; s&#7889; hi&#7879;p t&#7853;p trong tu&#7847;n &#8212; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7913;c t&#7841; n&#7863;ng hay nh&#7865;.</p><p>Kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#7845;p &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh cho th&#226;n d&#432;&#7899;i r&#417;i v&#224;o kho&#7843;ng 12 hi&#7879;p m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n: v&#237; d&#7909; hai bu&#7893;i, m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i ba b&#224;i v&#224; hai hi&#7879;p m&#7895;i b&#224;i [1]. S&#225;u hi&#7879;p cho m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p &#8212; &#237;t h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i h&#236;nh dung th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7845;y v&#7873; &#8220;t&#7853;p t&#7841;&#8221;. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng &#273;o m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i d&#224;i bao nhi&#234;u ph&#250;t v&#236; c&#242;n t&#249;y th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881;. Nh&#432;ng con s&#7889; s&#225;u hi&#7879;p &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; x&#243;a b&#7887; c&#225;i c&#7899; &#8220;ph&#7843;i r&#7843;nh c&#7843; ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; m&#7899;i &#273;&#225;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u&#8221;.</p><p><strong>Ba ngu&#7891;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#237;nh n&#243;i g&#236;, v&#224; ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Radaelli 2025 &#8212; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 151 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, 6.306 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 60 tu&#7893;i:</strong> Kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#7845;p &#273;&#227; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y&#8211;&#273;i l&#7841;i v&#224; qu&#227;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;i b&#7897; trong s&#225;u ph&#250;t; c&#7843; ba m&#7913;c kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; l&#7907;i cho kh&#7889;i n&#7841;c v&#224; k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c c&#417; so v&#7899;i nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p [1]. Ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c: hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; tr&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i suy y&#7871;u ho&#7863;c b&#7879;nh ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, v&#236; d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#243;m n&#224;y c&#242;n &#237;t; v&#224; th&#7913; h&#7841;ng gi&#7919;a ba m&#7913;c kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#224; suy ra gi&#225;n ti&#7871;p v&#236; h&#7847;u nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#243; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m n&#224;o cho hai m&#7913;c &#273;&#7889;i &#273;&#7847;u tr&#7921;c di&#7879;n [1].</p></li><li><p><strong>Tao 2026 &#8212; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 16 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, 801 ng&#432;&#7901;i, tu&#7893;i trung b&#236;nh kho&#7843;ng 73:</strong> T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c mang l&#7841;i t&#237;n hi&#7879;u r&#245; r&#7879;t &#7903; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng so v&#7899;i nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p [2]. Ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c: s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7873; k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c kh&#7889;i c&#417;, v&#236; sai s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#242;n l&#7899;n, ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh c&#417; c&#243; to ra hay kh&#244;ng [2].</p></li><li><p><strong>Grgic 2020 &#8212; t&#7893;ng quan 22 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 75 tu&#7893;i:</strong> Ph&#226;n nh&#243;m t&#7915; 80 tu&#7893;i v&#7851;n t&#259;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#417; b&#7855;p c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; [3]. Ch&#432;a n&#243;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c: m&#7913;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng ch&#7881; &#7903; t&#7847;m trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a nh&#243;m, kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o m&#7897;t c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7909; th&#7875; b&#7845;t k&#7923; c&#361;ng s&#7869; &#273;&#7841;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; [3].</p></li></ul><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png" width="1122" height="1402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1402,&quot;width&quot;:1122,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:857854,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#7891; ho&#7841; ba th&#7867; t&#243;m t&#7855;t t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p c&#7911;a Radaelli v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; tr&#234;n Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2025: kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7853;p th&#7845;p c&#243; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; kh&#7889;i n&#7841;c, c&#242;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7889;i &#273;a th&#236; c&#7847;n kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng cao h&#417;n.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214271619?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#272;&#7891; ho&#7841; ba th&#7867; t&#243;m t&#7855;t t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p c&#7911;a Radaelli v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; tr&#234;n Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2025: kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7853;p th&#7845;p c&#243; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; kh&#7889;i n&#7841;c, c&#242;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7889;i &#273;a th&#236; c&#7847;n kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng cao h&#417;n." title="&#272;&#7891; ho&#7841; ba th&#7867; t&#243;m t&#7855;t t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p c&#7911;a Radaelli v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; tr&#234;n Sports Medicine n&#259;m 2025: kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7853;p th&#7845;p c&#243; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; kh&#7889;i n&#7841;c, c&#242;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7889;i &#273;a th&#236; c&#7847;n kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng cao h&#417;n." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd42fe712-e9cf-44e8-b095-11a118a29c5e_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></blockquote><p>&#272;&#7863;t ba d&#242;ng c&#7841;nh nhau s&#7869; th&#7845;y &#273;i&#7873;u t&#7915;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ri&#234;ng l&#7867; kh&#244;ng n&#243;i: t&#7853;p &#237;t v&#7851;n c&#243; &#237;ch cho ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; kh&#7889;i n&#7841;c, ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c &#273;&#7911; cho s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7889;i &#273;a, v&#224; g&#7847;n nh&#432; ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; suy y&#7871;u. Kh&#244;ng ai h&#7913;a tu&#7893;i gi&#224; tr&#7903; l&#7841;i th&#7901;i thanh ni&#234;n. Nh&#432;ng &#8220;gi&#224; r&#7891;i t&#7853;p c&#361;ng v&#244; &#237;ch&#8221; th&#236; sai.</p><h2><strong>Gi&#7919; c&#417; b&#7855;p c&#242;n li&#234;n quan g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng huy&#7871;t v&#224; s&#7889;ng l&#226;u?</strong></h2><p><strong>C&#417; x&#432;&#417;ng t&#7841;o chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; l&#224; m&#244; ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n glucose khi insulin ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng [6]. T&#7853;p luy&#7879;n gi&#250;p c&#417; d&#249;ng nhi&#234;n li&#7879;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n. C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u theo d&#245;i nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m ghi nh&#7853;n ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c c&#243; nguy c&#417; t&#7917; vong th&#7845;p h&#417;n &#8212; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; li&#234;n h&#7879; quan s&#225;t, ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh t&#7853;p k&#233;o d&#224;i tu&#7893;i th&#7885; [7].</strong></p><p>C&#417; b&#7855;p l&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; t&#7841;o l&#7921;c b&#432;&#7899;c t&#7899;i, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i l&#224; c&#225;i phanh h&#227;m khi ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng. Khi s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh gi&#7843;m, ranh gi&#7899;i gi&#7919;a &#8220;l&#224;m nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;c&#7889; h&#7871;t s&#7913;c&#8221; co h&#7865;p l&#7841;i. Gi&#7919; c&#417; l&#224; gi&#7919; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#8212; d&#249; x&#432;&#417;ng, kh&#7899;p, g&#226;n, th&#7847;n kinh v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#249;ng tham gia.</p><p>M&#7897;t <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40608853/">t&#7893;ng quan tr&#234;n Circulation Research n&#259;m 2025</a> &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh c&#417; x&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7843;m nhi&#7879;m kho&#7843;ng 50&#8211;66% l&#432;&#7907;ng glucose &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu nh&#7853;n sau b&#7919;a &#259;n h&#7895;n h&#7907;p ho&#7863;c sau m&#7897;t li&#7873;u n&#7841;p glucose [6]. Co c&#417; trong l&#250;c t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t c&#225;c ch&#7845;t v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n glucose (nh&#432; GLUT4) di chuy&#7875;n l&#234;n m&#224;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o theo &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p v&#7899;i insulin, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;&#7897; nh&#7841;y insulin c&#7911;a to&#224;n c&#417; th&#7875; [6].</p><p>D&#249; v&#7853;y, c&#225;ch n&#243;i &#8220;c&#417; gi&#250;p x&#7917; l&#253; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221; c&#243; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng sinh l&#253; h&#7885;c, nh&#432;ng suy di&#7877;n th&#224;nh &#8220;c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u c&#417; th&#236; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n kh&#244;ng b&#7883; ti&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221; l&#224; &#273;i qu&#225; xa. &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng huy&#7871;t c&#242;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#224;o gan, m&#244; m&#7905;, t&#7909;y t&#7841;ng, ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n, gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; v&#224; thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;.</p><p>V&#7873; tu&#7893;i th&#7885;, m&#7897;t <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42230125/">nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#259;m 2026</a> theo d&#245;i 147.374 chuy&#234;n gia y t&#7871; trong t&#7889;i &#273;a 30 n&#259;m [7]. Sau khi &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh ph&#7847;n v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng aerobic, nh&#243;m t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c 90&#8211;119 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n c&#243; nguy c&#417; t&#7917; vong m&#7885;i nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n th&#7845;p h&#417;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i 13%, t&#7917; vong tim m&#7841;ch th&#7845;p h&#417;n 19% [7]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quan s&#225;t &#8212; &#273;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7885;c th&#224;nh &#8220;t&#7853;p hai ti&#7871;ng m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n l&#224; gi&#7843;m 13% nguy c&#417; ch&#7871;t&#8221; [7]. N&#243; &#7911;ng h&#7897; vi&#7879;c th&#234;m kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c v&#224;o th&#243;i quen &#273;i b&#7897;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7887; &#273;i b&#7897;.</p><h2><strong>Nh&#7919;ng s&#7889; li&#7879;u n&#224;y ch&#432;a cho ph&#233;p k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</strong></h2><p><strong>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng cho ph&#233;p m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i d&#249;ng chung m&#7897;t m&#7913;c t&#7841; hay s&#7889; hi&#7879;p. T&#7893;ng quan l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t ch&#7911; y&#7871;u l&#224; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh c&#243; gi&#225;m s&#225;t &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i kh&#7887;e; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i suy y&#7871;u c&#242;n &#237;t [1]. &#8220;Li&#7873;u th&#7845;p c&#243; &#237;ch&#8221; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a v&#224;i &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c qu&#225; nh&#7865; s&#7869; &#273;&#7911; m&#227;i.</strong></p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch 151 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Radaelli c&#243; &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7873;u [1]. D&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; kh&#7889;i n&#7841;c v&#224; k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c c&#417; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7871;p &#7903; m&#7913;c tin c&#7853;y th&#7845;p; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh th&#7853;m ch&#237; &#7903; m&#7913;c r&#7845;t th&#7845;p v&#236; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7889;c c&#243; nguy c&#417; sai l&#7879;ch, thi&#7871;u &#273;&#7897; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; t&#237;nh b&#7845;t nh&#7845;t cao [1].</p><p>T&#7893;ng quan &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7845;t cao tu&#7893;i ch&#7881; ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng trung b&#236;nh [3]. D&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7917; vong l&#7841;i d&#7921;a tr&#234;n th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7853;p t&#7921; b&#225;o c&#225;o &#8212; ngh&#297;a l&#224; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o tr&#237; nh&#7899; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia [7].</p><p>&#8220;V&#7915;a s&#7913;c&#8221; l&#224; chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i. S&#7907;i d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i nh&#7865; v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y &#273;&#227; l&#224; g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng cho kh&#7899;p ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. N&#7871;u b&#7879;nh n&#7873;n ch&#432;a &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, kh&#7899;p m&#7899;i &#273;au, th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng k&#233;m ho&#7863;c ch&#432;a r&#245; b&#224;i n&#224;o an to&#224;n, h&#227;y nh&#7901; b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c chuy&#234;n vi&#234;n v&#7853;t l&#253; tr&#7883; li&#7879;u &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; tr&#432;&#7899;c. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; m&#7897;t k&#237;ch th&#237;ch l&#7863;p l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7857;ng tu&#7847;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t l&#7847;n g&#7855;ng g&#432;&#7907;ng.</p><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i n&#234;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u?</strong></h2><p><strong>H&#227;y d&#224;nh &#237;t nh&#7845;t hai ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n cho c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#417; ch&#237;nh nh&#432; WHO khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o [4]. B&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng ba &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c t&#7841;i nh&#224;, ch&#7885;n l&#7921;c c&#7843;n &#273;&#7911; n&#7863;ng &#273;&#7875; m&#7887;i &#7903; l&#7847;n l&#7863;p cu&#7889;i nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng l&#224;m v&#7905; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, r&#7891;i t&#259;ng d&#7847;n khi &#273;&#227; quen. &#272;i b&#7897; v&#7851;n gi&#7919;, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7847;n r&#232;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh [5].</strong></p><p>B&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n mua t&#7841;. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#7845;u tr&#250;c th&#7921;c h&#224;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng. ACSM khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o m&#7913;c 2&#8211;3 hi&#7879;p m&#7895;i b&#224;i [5]; c&#242;n s&#7889; l&#7847;n l&#7863;p v&#224; th&#7901;i gian ngh&#7881; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; quy &#432;&#7899;c t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n ph&#7893; th&#244;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i con s&#7889; r&#250;t ra t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Ch&#226;n:</strong> &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng t&#7915; gh&#7871; &#259;n, 10&#8211;12 l&#7847;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#272;&#7849;y:</strong> &#273;&#7913;ng nghi&#234;ng ch&#7889;ng tay v&#224;o t&#432;&#7901;ng ho&#7863;c m&#233;p b&#224;n r&#7891;i &#273;&#7849;y ra, 10&#8211;12 l&#7847;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>K&#233;o:</strong> d&#249;ng d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i k&#233;o v&#7873; ph&#237;a ng&#7921;c, 10&#8211;12 l&#7847;n.</p></li></ol><p>L&#224;m 2 hi&#7879;p m&#7895;i &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c, ngh&#7881; gi&#7919;a hi&#7879;p 1&#8211;2 ph&#250;t. Khi &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#227; qu&#225; nh&#7865;, h&#227;y ti&#7871;n tri&#7875;n b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch h&#7841; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7853;m h&#417;n (kho&#7843;ng 3 gi&#226;y), t&#259;ng s&#7889; l&#7847;n l&#7863;p, b&#7899;t tay t&#236; h&#7895; tr&#7907;, ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7893;i sang d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i c&#243; l&#7921;c c&#259;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n. Ch&#237;nh s&#7921; t&#259;ng ti&#7871;n c&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t n&#224;y m&#7899;i l&#224; th&#7913; t&#7841;o ra th&#237;ch nghi c&#7911;a c&#417; b&#7855;p.</p><p>&#272;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i, &#273;&#7915;ng d&#7891;n m&#7885;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u v&#224;o m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p: &#273;i b&#7897; lo s&#7913;c b&#7873;n tim ph&#7893;i, kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c lo ph&#7847;n d&#7921; tr&#7919; c&#417; b&#7855;p, v&#224; c&#225;c b&#224;i th&#259;ng b&#7857;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n (nh&#432; &#273;&#7913;ng ki&#7877;ng g&#243;t) lo s&#7921; v&#7919;ng v&#224;ng khi b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n [4].</p><p>N&#7871;u vi&#7879;c g&#7891;ng c&#417; ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7893;i t&#432; th&#7871; khi t&#7853;p l&#224;m xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#7907; chua, b&#224;i v&#7873; <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/trao-nguoc-tap-khang-luc">c&#225;ch &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c khi b&#7883; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c</a> s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n t&#225;ch v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#243;c nghi&#234;ng th&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;i chuy&#7879;n &#8220;t&#7841; qu&#225; n&#7863;ng&#8221;. N&#7871;u tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n e ng&#7841;i mu&#7889;n b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, b&#224;i <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-the-duc-gerd">c&#243; n&#234;n t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c khi b&#7883; GERD</a> s&#7869; ch&#7881; ra ranh gi&#7899;i an to&#224;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png" width="1122" height="1402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1402,&quot;width&quot;:1122,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1589524,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Minh ho&#7841; c&#7847;u thang v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7913;ng &#7903; b&#7853;c d&#432;&#7899;i c&#249;ng, ba b&#7853;c mang bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng gh&#7871;, t&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i; d&#242;ng ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh l&#224; &#8220;Gh&#7871;. T&#432;&#7901;ng. D&#226;y. R&#7891;i t&#259;ng d&#7847;n.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214271619?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Minh ho&#7841; c&#7847;u thang v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7913;ng &#7903; b&#7853;c d&#432;&#7899;i c&#249;ng, ba b&#7853;c mang bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng gh&#7871;, t&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i; d&#242;ng ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh l&#224; &#8220;Gh&#7871;. T&#432;&#7901;ng. D&#226;y. R&#7891;i t&#259;ng d&#7847;n." title="Minh ho&#7841; c&#7847;u thang v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7913;ng &#7903; b&#7853;c d&#432;&#7899;i c&#249;ng, ba b&#7853;c mang bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng gh&#7871;, t&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i; d&#242;ng ch&#7919; trong &#7843;nh l&#224; &#8220;Gh&#7871;. T&#432;&#7901;ng. D&#226;y. R&#7891;i t&#259;ng d&#7847;n." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0BuL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F44968e0b-d816-475c-b48a-d313cb162dbb_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng h&#7913;a h&#7865;n gi&#7919; b&#7841;n tr&#7867; m&#227;i. N&#243; l&#224;m m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c khi&#234;m t&#7889;n nh&#432;ng thi&#7871;t th&#7921;c: cho c&#417; b&#7855;p m&#7897;t l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; duy tr&#236; ph&#7847;n d&#7921; tr&#7919; b&#7841;n d&#249;ng khi &#273;&#7913;ng l&#234;n, x&#225;ch &#273;&#7891; v&#224; gi&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng ng&#227; [1][4].</p><p>Tu&#7847;n n&#224;y, b&#7841;n ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n s&#7869; d&#224;nh hai kho&#7843;ng 15 ph&#250;t n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; c&#417; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u r&#232;n l&#7841;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7841;o l&#7921;c?</p><p>N&#7871;u mu&#7889;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#7885;c nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch y khoa d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7853;t, vi&#7871;t d&#7877; hi&#7875;u v&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i th&#224;nh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n th&#7875; h&#236;nh, h&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; theo d&#245;i. B&#224;i t&#7899;i s&#7869; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#7921;c t&#7871;: l&#224;m sao nh&#7853;n bi&#7871;t l&#7921;c c&#7843;n &#273;&#227; &#8220;&#273;&#7911; n&#7863;ng&#8221; &#273;&#7875; c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng kh&#7899;p?</p><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7887;i g&#236; v&#7873; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c khi l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i?</strong></h2><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7887;i b&#224;i n&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh, c&#243; qu&#225; mu&#7897;n &#273;&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#224; l&#224;m sao t&#259;ng ti&#7871;n khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#7841;. C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i: ch&#7885;n h&#236;nh th&#7913;c ph&#249; h&#7907;p kh&#7843; n&#259;ng, &#273;&#7875; c&#417; g&#7863;p th&#7917; th&#225;ch c&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t v&#224; t&#259;ng d&#7847;n &#273;&#7897; kh&#243;. Tu&#7893;i t&#225;c kh&#244;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng x&#243;a b&#7887; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng th&#237;ch nghi c&#7911;a c&#417; b&#7855;p [1][3][5].</strong></p><p><strong>&#272;i b&#7897; l&#234;n d&#7889;c ho&#7863;c leo c&#7847;u thang c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh l&#224; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Ch&#250;ng t&#7841;o &#225;p l&#7921;c l&#234;n c&#417; &#273;&#249;i v&#224; b&#7855;p ch&#226;n, r&#7845;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#237;t v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng. Nh&#432;ng t&#7843;i tr&#7885;ng l&#224; tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875;, c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh, v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c l&#7863;p l&#7841;i quen thu&#7897;c &#8212; n&#234;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh s&#7869; s&#7899;m ch&#7919;ng. H&#227;y gi&#7919; c&#7847;u thang, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i th&#234;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p t&#259;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7921;c c&#7843;n.</p><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i ngo&#224;i b&#7843;y m&#432;&#417;i m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u c&#243; c&#242;n t&#259;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>C&#243; th&#7875;. T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 75 tu&#7893;i cho th&#7845;y s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n; ph&#226;n nh&#243;m t&#7915; 80 tu&#7893;i v&#7851;n c&#243; m&#7913;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; [3]. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m cho t&#7915;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7909; th&#7875;. Kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#242;n t&#249;y thu&#7897;c v&#224;o b&#7879;nh n&#7873;n, t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng kh&#7899;p, dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7841;m v&#224; t&#237;nh &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n khi t&#7853;p.</p><p><strong>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#7841; th&#236; l&#224;m sao t&#259;ng d&#7847;n l&#7921;c c&#7843;n?</strong></p><p>T&#259;ng l&#7921;c c&#259;ng c&#7911;a d&#226;y, &#273;&#7893;i sang g&#243;c kh&#243; h&#417;n, b&#7899;t tay t&#236; h&#7895; tr&#7907;, h&#7841; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7853;m h&#417;n, ho&#7863;c x&#225;ch th&#234;m &#273;&#7891; v&#7853;t trong nh&#224;. Ch&#7881; &#273;&#7893;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n m&#7895;i l&#7847;n, v&#224; ch&#7881; khi &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c c&#361; &#273;&#227; th&#7853;t &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><p><strong>T&#7853;p hai ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n c&#243; &#273;&#7911; kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Hai ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n l&#224; m&#7913;c t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u WHO khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; cho nh&#243;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng c&#417; b&#7855;p, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n t&#7889;i &#273;a [4]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#259;m 2025 cho th&#7845;y ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7913;c kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#7845;p n&#224;y &#273;&#227; mang l&#7841;i l&#7907;i &#237;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng cho ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng sinh ho&#7841;t h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y [1]. B&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7911; &#237;t &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; duy tr&#236; b&#7873;n b&#7881; su&#7889;t c&#7843; n&#259;m.</p><h3><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</strong></h3><ol><li><p>Radaelli R, Rech A, Molinari T, et al. <strong>Effects of Resistance Training Volume on Physical Function, Lean Body Mass and Lower-Body Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of 151 Randomised Trials.</strong> <em>Sports Medicine.</em> 2025;55(1):167&#8211;192. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39405023/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39405023/</a></p></li><li><p>Tao M, Liao K, Yin M, et al. <strong>Effects of maximal versus submaximal intended velocity resistance training on muscular fitness adaptations in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</strong> <em>Sports Medicine and Health Science.</em> 2026;8(4):365&#8211;376. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13250209/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13250209/</a></p></li><li><p>Grgic J, Garofolini A, Orazem J, et al. <strong>Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle Size and Strength in Very Elderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.</strong> <em>Sports Medicine.</em> 2020;50(11):1983&#8211;1999. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32740889/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32740889/</a></p></li><li><p>World Health Organization. <strong>WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.</strong> 2020. <a href="https://www.who.int/southeastasia/publications/i/item/9789240015128">https://www.who.int/southeastasia/publications/i/item/9789240015128</a></p></li><li><p>American College of Sports Medicine. <strong>ACSM Unveils Landmark 2026 Resistance Training Guidelines &#8212; First Update in 17 Years.</strong> 2026. <a href="https://acsm.org/resistance-training-guidelines-update-2026/">https://acsm.org/resistance-training-guidelines-update-2026/</a></p></li><li><p>Whytock KL, Goodpaster BH. <strong>Unraveling Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms and the Restorative Role of Exercise.</strong> <em>Circulation Research.</em> 2025;137(2):184&#8211;204. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40608853/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40608853/</a></p></li><li><p>Zhang Y, Lee DH, Rezende LFM, et al. <strong>Long-term resistance training with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: assessing dose-response and joint associations with aerobic physical activity.</strong> <em>British Journal of Sports Medicine.</em> 2026;60(12):874&#8211;883. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42230125/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42230125/</a></p></li></ol><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t ng&#224;y 5 th&#225;ng 9 n&#259;m 2026.</em></p><div><hr></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bị trào ngược, có nên tập thể dục nữa không — hay bỏ luôn?]]></title><description><![CDATA[V&#236; sao &#7907; chua khi t&#7853;p ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i l&#253; do b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, n&#234;n &#273;&#7893;i bi&#7871;n n&#224;o, v&#224; l&#250;c n&#224;o tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; y t&#7871;.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-the-duc-gerd</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/tap-the-duc-gerd</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 13:20:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png" width="1456" height="769" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:769,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5596435,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#7842;nh minh h&#7885;a hai chi&#7871;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#432;ng hai lo&#7841;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#224; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c: &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; l&#7899;n \&quot;nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m\&quot; &#273;o nguy c&#417; b&#7879;nh &#7903; qu&#7847;n th&#7875; (Yu 2024, Wang 2025), &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; nh&#7887; \&quot;v&#224;i ch&#7909;c ph&#250;t\&quot; &#273;o ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#7845;p trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p (Herregods 2016).&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214155295?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#7842;nh minh h&#7885;a hai chi&#7871;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#432;ng hai lo&#7841;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#224; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c: &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; l&#7899;n &quot;nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m&quot; &#273;o nguy c&#417; b&#7879;nh &#7903; qu&#7847;n th&#7875; (Yu 2024, Wang 2025), &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; nh&#7887; &quot;v&#224;i ch&#7909;c ph&#250;t&quot; &#273;o ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#7845;p trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p (Herregods 2016)." title="&#7842;nh minh h&#7885;a hai chi&#7871;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#432;ng hai lo&#7841;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#224; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c: &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; l&#7899;n &quot;nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m&quot; &#273;o nguy c&#417; b&#7879;nh &#7903; qu&#7847;n th&#7875; (Yu 2024, Wang 2025), &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; nh&#7887; &quot;v&#224;i ch&#7909;c ph&#250;t&quot; &#273;o ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#7845;p trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p (Herregods 2016)." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9PN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c374b90-2510-4270-99a0-477a3f8aa159_2848x1504.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#224;i n&#224;y gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD ra m&#7897;t quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7909; th&#7875;: ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p hay d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;i kh&#225;m. &#272;&#7885;c xong, b&#7841;n s&#7869; ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t c&#417;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong l&#250;c t&#7853;p v&#7899;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng r&#7857;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#224;m b&#7879;nh n&#7863;ng h&#417;n v&#7873; d&#224;i h&#7841;n &#8212; hai &#273;i&#7873;u kh&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng nhau. B&#7841;n s&#7869; theo d&#245;i ba bi&#7871;n s&#7889; c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#8212; c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897;, ch&#7841;y v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8212; thay v&#236; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; m&#7885;i h&#236;nh th&#7913;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng [1][2][3].</p><p>C&#417; s&#7903; cho quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;y l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#226;u thu&#7851;n ch&#7881; hi&#7879;n r&#245; khi &#273;&#7863;t c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7841;nh nhau. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p c&#7911;a Yu n&#259;m 2024 t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 33 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7899;i 242.850 ng&#432;&#7901;i: v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n &#273;i c&#249;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; GERD th&#7845;p h&#417;n, RR 0,80 v&#7899;i KTC 95% t&#7915; 0,76 &#273;&#7871;n 0,84 [4]. &#272;o&#224;n h&#7879; Wang n&#259;m 2025 theo d&#245;i 108.239 ng&#432;&#7901;i trong trung b&#236;nh 14,2 n&#259;m c&#361;ng ghi nh&#7853;n li&#234;n h&#7879; thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i [5].</p><p>Trong khi &#273;&#243;, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27068716/">th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m sinh l&#253; c&#7911;a Herregods</a> &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#224; pH th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#7903; 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh l&#7841;i th&#7845;y ch&#7841;y l&#224;m tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng ngay trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p [1]. Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Sodhi tr&#234;n 25 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD ghi nh&#7853;n &#273;i&#7873;u t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; v&#7899;i c&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i [2].</p><p>&#272;i&#7875;m m&#7899;i c&#7911;a b&#224;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i tuy&#234;n b&#7889; &#8220;t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c t&#7889;t&#8221; hay &#8220;t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c g&#226;y tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c&#8221;. B&#224;i t&#225;ch hai lo&#7841;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;ang &#273;o hai kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian kh&#225;c nhau: nguy c&#417; b&#7879;nh qua nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m v&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng trong v&#224;i ch&#7909;c ph&#250;t [1][2][4][5]. Nh&#7901; v&#7853;y, tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng trong m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p tr&#7903; th&#224;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh, kh&#244;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng tr&#7903; th&#224;nh l&#253; do ph&#7843;i b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><p><strong>GERD kh&#244;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a ph&#7843;i b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng. D&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#7847;n th&#7875; cho th&#7845;y ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n c&#243; t&#7927; l&#7879; hi&#7879;n m&#7855;c ho&#7863;c GERD m&#7899;i m&#7855;c th&#7845;p h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7879;nh [4][5]. Trong m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i, ch&#7841;y v&#224; g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng [1][2].</strong></p><h2><strong>T&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; t&#7889;t cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; b&#7883; GERD kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p><strong>T&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i li&#7879;u ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; GERD. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p c&#7911;a Yu cho th&#7845;y v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng cao h&#417;n &#273;i c&#249;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; hi&#7879;n m&#7855;c th&#7845;p h&#417;n [4]; &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; Wang ghi nh&#7853;n li&#234;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i GERD m&#7899;i m&#7855;c [5]. C&#7843; Yu v&#224; Wang &#273;&#7873;u kh&#244;ng th&#7917; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh [4][5].</strong></p><p><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11282378/">Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p c&#7911;a Yu v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a>, &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n <em>Journal of Sport and Health Science</em> n&#259;m 2024, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 33 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7899;i 242.850 ng&#432;&#7901;i; g&#7891;m 27 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7855;t ngang, 2 b&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng v&#224; 4 &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; [4]. V&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng cao h&#417;n &#273;i c&#249;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; symptomatic reflux th&#7845;p h&#417;n, RR 0,74 v&#7899;i KTC 95% t&#7915; 0,66 &#273;&#7871;n 0,83; v&#7899;i GERD, RR l&#224; 0,80 v&#224; KTC 95% t&#7915; 0,76 &#273;&#7871;n 0,84 [4]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; so s&#225;nh t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i, v&#224; &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n c&#7911;a b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho GERD &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7871;p th&#7845;p [4].</p><p><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12666430/">&#272;o&#224;n h&#7879; ti&#7871;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a Wang v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a>, &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n <em>Preventive Medicine Reports</em> n&#259;m 2025, theo d&#245;i 108.239 ng&#432;&#7901;i trong UK Biobank trung b&#236;nh 14,2 n&#259;m [5]. Trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y, &#8220;m&#7913;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7841;nh cao&#8221; ngh&#297;a l&#224; thu&#7897;c n&#7917;a tr&#234;n c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7841;t m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng t&#7853;p chu&#7849;n d&#249;ng cho m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i [5]. Trong 14 n&#259;m theo d&#245;i, 8.143 trong 108.239 ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7855;c GERD &#8212; kho&#7843;ng 7 tr&#234;n 100. N&#7917;a v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7841;nh nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n c&#243; nguy c&#417; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i th&#7845;p h&#417;n 14% &#8212; HR 0,86, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 95% t&#7915; 0,83 &#273;&#7871;n 0,90 [5]. Ch&#7895; n&#224;y d&#7877; &#273;&#7885;c sai. 14% l&#224; m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#237;nh tr&#234;n con s&#7889; 7 tr&#234;n 100 kia, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;m 14 &#273;i&#7875;m ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m.</p><p>N&#243;i g&#7885;n: &#273;&#226;y l&#224; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i &#7903; c&#7845;p qu&#7847;n th&#7875;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i toa t&#7853;p ch&#7919;a GERD. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8754510/">H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n GERD c&#7911;a American College of Gastroenterology n&#259;m 2022</a> khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o gi&#7843;m c&#226;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7915;a c&#226;n ho&#7863;c b&#233;o ph&#236; v&#224; li&#7879;t k&#234; &#8220;tr&#225;nh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng qu&#225; m&#7913;c&#8221; trong b&#7843;ng bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p l&#7889;i s&#7889;ng, nh&#432;ng m&#7913;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho m&#7909;c sau l&#224; y&#7871;u [7]. H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n kh&#244;ng xem t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n thay th&#7871; thu&#7889;c hay c&#225;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh [7].</p><h2><strong>T&#7841;i sao t&#7853;p xong l&#7841;i &#7907; chua?</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5006532,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; minh h&#7885;a c&#417; ch&#7871; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c khi ch&#7841;y theo Herregods 2016: c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i (chi&#7871;c van) kh&#244;ng m&#7903; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n h&#417;n khi ch&#7841;y, nh&#432;ng m&#7895;i l&#7847;n m&#7903; tho&#225;ng qua l&#7841;i d&#7877; &#273;i k&#232;m tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c; ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y b&#7883; k&#233;o l&#7879;ch ngay trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214155295?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; minh h&#7885;a c&#417; ch&#7871; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c khi ch&#7841;y theo Herregods 2016: c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i (chi&#7871;c van) kh&#244;ng m&#7903; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n h&#417;n khi ch&#7841;y, nh&#432;ng m&#7895;i l&#7847;n m&#7903; tho&#225;ng qua l&#7841;i d&#7877; &#273;i k&#232;m tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c; ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y b&#7883; k&#233;o l&#7879;ch ngay trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p." title="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; minh h&#7885;a c&#417; ch&#7871; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c khi ch&#7841;y theo Herregods 2016: c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i (chi&#7871;c van) kh&#244;ng m&#7903; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n h&#417;n khi ch&#7841;y, nh&#432;ng m&#7895;i l&#7847;n m&#7903; tho&#225;ng qua l&#7841;i d&#7877; &#273;i k&#232;m tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c; ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y b&#7883; k&#233;o l&#7879;ch ngay trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jQ4Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F522fa328-3f80-4eb7-a4e3-c3759d7aa816_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>Khi ch&#7841;y, rung l&#7855;c v&#224; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch &#225;p l&#7921;c b&#7909;ng&#8211;ng&#7921;c c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a d&#7883;ch d&#7841; d&#224;y l&#234;n l&#250;c c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i gi&#227;n tho&#225;ng qua [1]. M&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m nh&#7887; c&#361;ng ghi nh&#7853;n th&#7901;i gian tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng khi g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i [2]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n d&#224;i h&#7841;n.</strong></p><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27068716/">Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Herregods v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a>, &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n <em>American Journal of Gastroenterology</em> n&#259;m 2016, tuy&#7875;n 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh <strong>&#273;ang t&#7853;p &#273;&#7873;u</strong> &#8212; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#8212; cho h&#7885; ch&#7841;y 30 ph&#250;t &#7903; 60% nh&#7883;p tim t&#7889;i &#273;a r&#7891;i 20 ph&#250;t &#7903; 85%, trong khi &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#224; pH th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n [1]. Th&#7901;i gian pH d&#432;&#7899;i 4 t&#259;ng v&#236; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i h&#417;n [1].</p><p>&#272;i&#7875;m &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7899; n&#7857;m &#7903; chi&#7871;c &#8220;van&#8221; gi&#7919;a th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n v&#224; d&#7841; d&#224;y [1]. T&#7847;n su&#7845;t TLESR kh&#244;ng t&#259;ng khi ch&#7841;y. Nh&#432;ng m&#7895;i l&#7847;n x&#7843;y ra l&#7841;i d&#7877; &#273;i k&#232;m tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c h&#417;n [1]. Chi&#7871;c van kh&#244;ng m&#7903; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n h&#417;n &#8212; l&#250;c n&#243; m&#7903;, &#225;p l&#7921;c b&#7909;ng t&#259;ng, c&#417; th&#7875; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng, h&#236;nh d&#7841;ng ch&#7895; n&#7889;i c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i. Th&#234;m: &#7903; 6 trong 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i, tho&#225;t v&#7883; khe th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n ch&#7881; hi&#7879;n ra trong l&#250;c ch&#7841;y &#8212; l&#250;c n&#7857;m ngh&#7881; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; th&#236; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y [1]. Ch&#7895; n&#7889;i gi&#7919;a th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n v&#224; d&#7841; d&#224;y b&#7883; k&#233;o l&#7879;ch ngay trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p.</p><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19405255/">Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Sodhi v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a>, &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n <em>Indian Journal of Gastroenterology</em> n&#259;m 2008, cho 25 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD t&#7853;p 30 ph&#250;t c&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i, ch&#7841;m ng&#243;n ch&#226;n t&#7915; t&#432; th&#7871; n&#7857;m, ng&#7891;i v&#224; &#273;&#7913;ng, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i theo d&#245;i pH th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n trong 24 gi&#7901; [2]. Trung v&#7883; t&#7927; l&#7879; th&#7901;i gian tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c trong 30 ph&#250;t t&#7853;p l&#224; 6,6% (kho&#7843;ng 0&#8211;60), so v&#7899;i 0,0% (kho&#7843;ng 0&#8211;80) trong 30 ph&#250;t ngay tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;, v&#7899;i p = 0,02 [2]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng th&#7917; plank hay m&#7885;i b&#224;i b&#7909;ng, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; suy r&#7897;ng nh&#432; v&#7853;y.</p><h2><strong>C&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; v&#224; ki&#7875;u v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;o d&#7877; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c?</strong></h2><p><strong>Ch&#7841;y v&#224; g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, nh&#432;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng c&#242;n nh&#7887; [1][2]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#234;n 39 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD th&#7845;y m&#7913;c g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c t&#7915; 70% VO2 max li&#234;n quan v&#7899;i tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7881; &#7903; nh&#243;m vi&#234;m th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n tr&#7907;t [3]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; manh m&#7889;i, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ranh gi&#7899;i an to&#224;n chung.</strong></p><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24676289/">Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ti&#7871;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a Mendes-Filho v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a>, &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n <em>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva</em> n&#259;m 2014, cho 39 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD l&#224;m nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c; 29 ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; vi&#234;m th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n tr&#7907;t v&#224; 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng vi&#234;m tr&#7907;t [3]. M&#7913;c g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c t&#7915; 70% VO2 max tr&#7903; l&#234;n ch&#7881; li&#234;n quan v&#7899;i tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c trong nh&#243;m vi&#234;m tr&#7907;t, v&#7899;i p = 0,032 [3]. L&#432;u &#253;: VO2 max &#7903; &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <strong>&#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh t&#7915; tu&#7893;i</strong> b&#7857;ng c&#244;ng th&#7913;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p b&#7857;ng m&#225;y ph&#226;n t&#237;ch kh&#237; th&#7903; [3].</p><p>C&#7905; m&#7851;u nh&#7887;, v&#224; li&#234;n h&#7879; kh&#244;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n &#7903; nh&#243;m GERD kh&#244;ng vi&#234;m tr&#7907;t. 70% VO2 max kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;v&#7841;ch &#273;&#7887;&#8221; cho m&#7885;i m&#244;n; n&#243; g&#7907;i r&#7857;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; l&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n s&#7889; &#273;&#225;ng theo d&#245;i [3].</p><h3><strong>N&#259;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i n&#259;m c&#226;u h&#7887;i kh&#225;c nhau</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5434968,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;B&#7843;ng t&#243;m t&#7855;t n&#259;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#224; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c: Yu 2024 (RR 0,80), Wang 2025 (HR 0,86) l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#7847;n th&#7875;; Herregods 2016 (tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng khi ch&#7841;y), Sodhi 2008 (6,6% so v&#7899;i 0,0% th&#7901;i gian tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c), Mendes-Filho 2014 (70% VO2 max) l&#224; th&#237; nghi&#7879;m nh&#7887; trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214155295?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="B&#7843;ng t&#243;m t&#7855;t n&#259;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#224; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c: Yu 2024 (RR 0,80), Wang 2025 (HR 0,86) l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#7847;n th&#7875;; Herregods 2016 (tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng khi ch&#7841;y), Sodhi 2008 (6,6% so v&#7899;i 0,0% th&#7901;i gian tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c), Mendes-Filho 2014 (70% VO2 max) l&#224; th&#237; nghi&#7879;m nh&#7887; trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p." title="B&#7843;ng t&#243;m t&#7855;t n&#259;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#224; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c: Yu 2024 (RR 0,80), Wang 2025 (HR 0,86) l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#7847;n th&#7875;; Herregods 2016 (tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng khi ch&#7841;y), Sodhi 2008 (6,6% so v&#7899;i 0,0% th&#7901;i gian tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c), Mendes-Filho 2014 (70% VO2 max) l&#224; th&#237; nghi&#7879;m nh&#7887; trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CczW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F709f1a66-4925-493e-b274-2ed7924103b4_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ul><li><p style="text-align: center;">Yu 2024 &#8212; g&#7897;p 33 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, 242.850 ng&#432;&#7901;i. RR 0,80 (0,76&#8211;0,84). Ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; GERD.</p></li><li><p>Wang 2025 &#8212; &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; 108.239 ng&#432;&#7901;i, theo d&#245;i 14,2 n&#259;m. HR 0,86 (0,83&#8211;0,90). Ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh: v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#417;n l&#7867; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m GERD.</p></li><li><p>Herregods 2016 &#8212; &#273;o pH th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n, 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh &#273;ang t&#7853;p &#273;&#7873;u. Tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng khi ch&#7841;y. Ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh: ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng l&#226;u d&#224;i &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; m&#7855;c GERD.</p></li><li><p>Sodhi 2008 &#8212; &#273;o pH th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n, 25 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD. 6,6% so v&#7899;i 0,0% th&#7901;i gian tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c. Ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh: suy r&#7897;ng sang plank hay m&#7885;i b&#224;i b&#7909;ng.</p></li><li><p>Mendes-Filho 2014 &#8212; nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c, 39 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD. Li&#234;n h&#7879; ch&#7881; &#7903; nh&#243;m vi&#234;m tr&#7907;t, p = 0,032. Ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh: m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; d&#249;ng chung.</p></li></ul><p>&#272;&#7863;t n&#259;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7841;nh nhau cho th&#7845;y m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; c&#226;u ch&#7919; che l&#7845;p. D&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#7847;n th&#7875; &#273;o vi&#7879;c ai c&#243; b&#7879;nh. Th&#237; nghi&#7879;m nh&#7887; &#273;o chuy&#7879;n g&#236; x&#7843;y ra trong m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i. Ch&#250;ng c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7893; sung cho nhau &#8212; nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; c&#7897;ng ch&#250;ng l&#7841;i r&#7891;i n&#243;i r&#7857;ng c&#7889; t&#7853;p qua c&#417;n &#7907; chua h&#244;m nay s&#7869; ch&#7919;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c GERD ng&#224;y mai.</p><h2><strong>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#224; GERD ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</strong></h2><p><strong>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; GERD, ch&#432;a x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#244;n an to&#224;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i hay ng&#432;&#7905;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; chung [1][2][3][4][5]. Ba th&#237; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Herregods, Sodhi v&#224; Mendes-Filho &#273;&#7873;u d&#432;&#7899;i 40 ng&#432;&#7901;i; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p c&#7911;a Yu v&#224; &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; Wang l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u quan s&#225;t [1][2][3][4][5]. Kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng &#7845;y ph&#7843;i gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n.</strong></p><p>Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ch&#7841;y ch&#7881; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh &#273;ang t&#7853;p &#273;&#7873;u [1]. Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;o m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i v&#224; m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c c&#7909; th&#7875; [2]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c chia m&#7851;u nh&#7887; th&#224;nh hai nh&#243;m, n&#234;n t&#237;n hi&#7879;u &#7903; nh&#243;m vi&#234;m tr&#7907;t c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng l&#7863;p l&#7841;i r&#7897;ng h&#417;n [3].</p><p>Trong h&#7891; s&#417; qu&#7847;n th&#7875;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7841;y &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7865; c&#226;n h&#417;n, ng&#7911; ngon h&#417;n v&#224; mang &#237;t b&#7879;nh n&#7873;n h&#417;n. M&#244; h&#236;nh th&#7889;ng k&#234; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; x&#243;a s&#7841;ch m&#7885;i kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#243; [4][5]. Nh&#226;n qu&#7843; ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra. Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#237;t tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng h&#417;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; x&#7887; gi&#224;y &#273;i t&#7853;p h&#417;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang &#273;au r&#225;t c&#7893; h&#7885;ng t&#7915;ng ng&#224;y.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o theo c&#249;ng b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n qua c&#7843; hai chi&#7871;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; &#8212; v&#7915;a &#273;o tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c trong bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p, v&#7915;a theo d&#245;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng [1][2][3][4][5]. Ta kh&#244;ng th&#7875; h&#7913;a &#8220;c&#7889; t&#7853;p r&#7891;i s&#7869; quen&#8221;, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n m&#7897;t c&#417;n &#7907; chua l&#224; b&#7843;n &#225;n cho m&#7885;i ki&#7875;u v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p th&#7871; n&#224;o khi b&#7883; &#7907; chua?</strong></h2><p><strong>H&#227;y coi vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh l&#224; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; ch&#7919;a GERD. V&#7851;n l&#224;m theo h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;; v&#7899;i bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p g&#226;y tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng, ch&#7881; &#273;&#7893;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n nh&#432; c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897;, th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c g&#7853;p. N&#7871;u &#273;au ng&#7921;c xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n khi g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c, h&#227;y d&#7915;ng v&#224; &#273;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; y t&#7871; [6][7].</strong></p><p>&#272;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7893;i m&#7885;i th&#7913; c&#249;ng l&#250;c. Ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t thay &#273;&#7893;i, ghi l&#7841;i lo&#7841;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, l&#250;c tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n v&#224; m&#7913;c kh&#243; ch&#7883;u qua v&#224;i bu&#7893;i. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch quan s&#225;t t&#225;c nh&#226;n c&#225; nh&#226;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n. C&#243; th&#7875; th&#7917; gi&#7843;m m&#7913;c g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c, r&#250;t ng&#7855;n bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p ho&#7863;c tr&#225;nh ch&#237;nh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c g&#7853;p &#273;&#227; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng [2][3][7].</p><p>V&#7899;i t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c, &#273;&#7915;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng quy m&#7885;i kh&#243; ch&#7883;u cho &#8220;m&#7913;c t&#7841; qu&#225; n&#7863;ng&#8221;. V&#7883; tr&#237; c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; c&#225;ch b&#224;i t&#7853;p l&#224;m thay &#273;&#7893;i &#225;p l&#7921;c c&#361;ng &#273;&#225;ng xem; b&#224;i <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/trao-nguoc-tap-khang-luc">v&#7883; tr&#237; c&#7847;m t&#7841; v&#224; &#225;p l&#7921;c ch&#7895; n&#7889;i</a> gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch ri&#234;ng m&#7855;t x&#237;ch n&#224;y. N&#7871;u tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7871;n sau khi u&#7889;ng b&#7893; sung, <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ban-tap-xong-khong-sao-ba-muoi-phut">th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m u&#7889;ng whey sau t&#7853;p</a> gi&#250;p t&#225;ch th&#234;m m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng t&#7921; ng&#432;ng thu&#7889;c hay d&#249;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng thay &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ch&#7881; d&#7921;a v&#224;o b&#224;i n&#224;y. &#7906; chua dai d&#7859;ng, kh&#243; nu&#7889;t, xu&#7845;t huy&#7871;t ti&#234;u h&#243;a, s&#7909;t c&#226;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7911; &#253; ho&#7863;c n&#244;n k&#233;o d&#224;i c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; theo <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8754510/">h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ACG n&#259;m 2022</a> [7]. &#272;au ng&#7921;c m&#7899;i hay &#273;au khi g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c, <a href="https://www.acc.org/Guidelines/Guidelines/2021/10/28/12/34/Chest-Pain">h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n AHA/ACC n&#259;m 2021</a> &#432;u ti&#234;n lo&#7841;i tr&#7915; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n nguy hi&#7875;m [6].</p><p>Quay l&#7841;i hai chi&#7871;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u b&#224;i. C&#225;i &#273;o nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m v&#224; c&#225;i &#273;o b&#7889;n m&#432;&#417;i ph&#250;t kh&#244;ng n&#243;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t chuy&#7879;n &#8212; v&#224; chi&#7871;c van th&#236; ch&#7881; nghe c&#225;i th&#7913; hai. V&#7883; chua d&#226;ng l&#234;n gi&#7919;a bu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh m&#7885;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; h&#7841;i, v&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#7847;n th&#7875; thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng b&#7855;t b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7921;ng. C&#225;i gi&#225; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c nh&#7853;p hai chuy&#7879;n l&#224;m m&#7897;t l&#224; v&#224;i th&#225;ng b&#7887; t&#7853;p v&#236; m&#7897;t tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng l&#7869; ra ch&#7881; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7893;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c &#8212; ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, c&#7889; ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7921;ng m&#7897;t c&#417;n &#273;au ng&#7921;c &#273;&#225;ng l&#7869; ph&#7843;i &#273;i kh&#225;m. &#272;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n t&#236;m c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n s&#7889;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:915421,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#7842;nh minh h&#7885;a kh&#233;p v&#242;ng: chi&#7871;c van (c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i) &#273;&#243;ng ch&#7863;t, ph&#237;a sau l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang ch&#7841;y b&#7897;, k&#232;m c&#7909;m ch&#7919; \&quot;&#272;&#7893;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n\&quot; &#8212; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p thay v&#236; b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, theo Herregods 2016.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/214155295?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#7842;nh minh h&#7885;a kh&#233;p v&#242;ng: chi&#7871;c van (c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i) &#273;&#243;ng ch&#7863;t, ph&#237;a sau l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang ch&#7841;y b&#7897;, k&#232;m c&#7909;m ch&#7919; &quot;&#272;&#7893;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n&quot; &#8212; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p thay v&#236; b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, theo Herregods 2016." title="&#7842;nh minh h&#7885;a kh&#233;p v&#242;ng: chi&#7871;c van (c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i) &#273;&#243;ng ch&#7863;t, ph&#237;a sau l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang ch&#7841;y b&#7897;, k&#232;m c&#7909;m ch&#7919; &quot;&#272;&#7893;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n&quot; &#8212; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p thay v&#236; b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, theo Herregods 2016." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dirE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb1daf9-f880-431e-8108-9d7fe936a13f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p t&#7899;i, b&#7841;n ch&#7885;n ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7921;ng y nh&#432; c&#361;, hay &#273;&#7893;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n r&#7891;i quan s&#225;t c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7881;nh t&#225;o?</p><p>N&#7871;u mu&#7889;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c b&#243;c t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n s&#7889; thay v&#236; b&#7887; c&#7843; bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p, h&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; theo d&#245;i. B&#224;i k&#7871; ti&#7871;p s&#7869; t&#225;ch ri&#234;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#259;n v&#224; u&#7889;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7887;i g&#236; v&#7873; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c?</strong></h2><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7887;i c&#243; c&#7847;n b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng, m&#244;n n&#224;o d&#7877; g&#226;y tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng v&#224; t&#7853;p c&#243; thay thu&#7889;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng. C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i chung: kh&#244;ng m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7887;, kh&#244;ng h&#7913;a c&#243; b&#224;i t&#7853;p an to&#224;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i, v&#224; kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng thay &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#225;c s&#297; &#273;&#227; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh [1][2][3][7].</strong></p><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD c&#243; n&#234;n t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>GERD kh&#244;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a ph&#7843;i b&#7887; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng. B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng hi&#7879;n c&#243; cho th&#7845;y li&#234;n h&#7879; &#7903; qu&#7847;n th&#7875; v&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#7845;p trong v&#224;i ki&#7875;u t&#7853;p, ch&#7913; ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7879;nh [1][2][4][5]. H&#227;y v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#236; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e chung n&#7871;u ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#224; theo d&#245;i tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng ri&#234;ng.</p><p><strong>T&#7841;i sao ch&#7841;y b&#7897; d&#7877; l&#224;m t&#244;i &#7907; chua?</strong></p><p>Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m tr&#234;n 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh &#273;ang t&#7853;p &#273;&#7873;u cho th&#7845;y khi ch&#7841;y, c&#225;c l&#7847;n gi&#227;n c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i tho&#225;ng qua d&#7877; &#273;i k&#232;m tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c h&#417;n; rung l&#7855;c v&#224; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch &#225;p l&#7921;c c&#243; th&#7875; tham gia [1]. M&#7851;u nh&#7887;, kh&#244;ng c&#243; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD, n&#234;n ch&#432;a d&#7921; b&#225;o ch&#237;nh x&#225;c ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p><strong>Plank ho&#7863;c t&#7853;p b&#7909;ng c&#243; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n l&#224;m GERD n&#7863;ng h&#417;n kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Ch&#432;a th&#7875; n&#243;i v&#7853;y. Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a Sodhi v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; ch&#7881; ki&#7875;m tra c&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i, ch&#7841;m ng&#243;n ch&#226;n t&#7915; t&#432; th&#7871; n&#7857;m, ng&#7891;i v&#224; &#273;&#7913;ng tr&#234;n 25 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD [2]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng th&#7917; plank, kh&#244;ng bao qu&#225;t m&#7885;i b&#224;i b&#7909;ng v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;o ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng trong m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p [2].</p><p><strong>T&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c c&#243; th&#7875; thay thu&#7889;c GERD kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng. V&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh thay th&#7871; thu&#7889;c ho&#7863;c thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7889;i s&#7889;ng trong h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ACG [7]. N&#7871;u tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng dai d&#7859;ng, h&#227;y trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i b&#225;c s&#297;; &#273;au ng&#7921;c m&#7899;i xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n hay &#273;au khi g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; y t&#7871;, kh&#244;ng t&#7921; quy cho tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c [6].</p><h3><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</strong></h3><ol><li><p>Herregods TVK, van Hoeij FB, Oors JM, Bredenoord AJ, Smout AJPM. <strong>Effect of Running on Gastroesophageal Reflux and Reflux Mechanisms.</strong> <em>American Journal of Gastroenterology.</em> 2016;111(7):940&#8211;946. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27068716/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27068716/</a></p></li><li><p>Sodhi JS, Zargar SA, Javid G, et al. <strong>Effect of bending exercise on gastroesophageal reflux in symptomatic patients.</strong> <em>Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.</em> 2008;27(6):227&#8211;231. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19405255/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19405255/</a></p></li><li><p>Mendes-Filho AM, Moraes-Filho JPP, Nasi A, et al. <strong>Influence of exercise testing in gastroesophageal reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.</strong> <em>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva.</em> 2014;27(1):3&#8211;8. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24676289/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24676289/</a></p></li><li><p>Yu C, Wang T, Gao Y, et al. <strong>Association between physical activity and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</strong> <em>Journal of Sport and Health Science.</em> 2024;13(5):687&#8211;698. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11282378/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11282378/</a></p></li><li><p>Wang Z, Lin S, Liu H, et al. <strong>Association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with incident gastroesophageal reflux disease in a large population-based prospective cohort.</strong> <em>Preventive Medicine Reports.</em> 2025. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12666430/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12666430/</a></p></li><li><p>Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. <strong>2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain.</strong> <em>Journal of the American College of Cardiology.</em> 2021;78(22):e187&#8211;e285. <a href="https://www.acc.org/Guidelines/Guidelines/2021/10/28/12/34/Chest-Pain">https://www.acc.org/Guidelines/Guidelines/2021/10/28/12/34/Chest-Pain</a></p></li><li><p>Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, et al. <strong>ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.</strong> <em>American Journal of Gastroenterology.</em> 2022;117(1):27&#8211;56. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8754510/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8754510/</a></p></li></ol><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t ng&#224;y 4 th&#225;ng 9 n&#259;m 2026. </em></p><p></p><p><em><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m trong lo&#7841;t b&#224;i v&#7873; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#224; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng</strong></em></p><p><em><strong> </strong></em><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/trao-nguoc-tap-khang-luc"><br>V&#7883; tr&#237; c&#7847;m t&#7841; v&#224; &#225;p l&#7921;c ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y &#8212; v&#236; sao m&#7913;c t&#7841; n&#7863;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;n s&#7889; duy nh&#7845;t. </a></p><p><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ban-tap-xong-khong-sao-ba-muoi-phut">Th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m u&#7889;ng whey sau t&#7853;p v&#224; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7895;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y &#8212; t&#225;ch ri&#234;ng bi&#7871;n s&#7889; dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng kh&#7887;i bi&#7871;n s&#7889; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng.</a> </p><div><hr></div><h1></h1>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Vị trí tay khi tập tạ ảnh hưởng đến cơ và lực như thế nào ?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u 2026 &#273;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#234;nh &#225;p r&#245; r&#7879;t &#7903; ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y khi &#273;&#7893;i v&#7883; tr&#237; tay c&#7847;m t&#7841; &#8212; d&#249; c&#226;n n&#7863;ng y h&#7879;t.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/trao-nguoc-tap-khang-luc</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/trao-nguoc-tap-khang-luc</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 08:21:02 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><br>T&#244;i t&#7915;ng khuy&#234;n &#273;&#250;ng m&#7897;t c&#226;u, y nh&#432; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i: &#7907; chua th&#236; h&#7841; t&#7843;i, n&#7863;ng qu&#225; th&#236; b&#7887; b&#224;i.</p><p>Sai kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n &#8212; nh&#432;ng thi&#7871;u. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#244;ng b&#7889; n&#259;m 2026 tr&#234;n <em>Frontiers in Physiology</em> &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n khi gi&#7919; c&#249;ng m&#7897;t m&#7913;c t&#7843;i nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7893;i v&#7883; tr&#237; tay. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&#7879;ch nhau r&#245;, c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; [4]. Th&#7913; t&#244;i t&#7915;ng b&#7887; s&#243;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7913;c t&#7841;. M&#224; l&#224; <strong>v&#7883; tr&#237; t&#7843;i so v&#7899;i th&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong>.</p><p>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224; n&#7871;u c&#7913; &#7907; chua l&#7841;i h&#7841; t&#7843;i ho&#7863;c b&#7887; b&#224;i, b&#7841;n m&#7855;c k&#7865;t d&#7847;n: t&#7853;p trong kh&#243; ch&#7883;u, ho&#7863;c t&#7915; b&#7887; th&#7913; &#273;ang gi&#250;p m&#236;nh gi&#7919; c&#417;.</p><p><strong>Ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c n&#224;o &#8220;th&#226;n thi&#7879;n v&#7899;i GERD&#8221;. D&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;n c&#243; ch&#7881; g&#7907;i &#253; v&#7883; tr&#237; t&#7843;i &#273;i c&#249;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#249;ng n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y. V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#225;c bi&#7871;n th&#7875; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7875; th&#7917; v&#224; theo d&#245;i tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng an to&#224;n.</strong></p><h2><strong>V&#236; sao c&#249;ng m&#7897;t b&#224;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y &#7907; chua c&#242;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kia kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p>GERD kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o b&#224;i t&#7853;p hay s&#7889; kilogram. H&#224;ng r&#224;o ch&#7889;ng tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c g&#7891;m c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i v&#224; tr&#7909; c&#417; ho&#224;nh; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p c&#7911;a hai ph&#7847;n n&#224;y kh&#225;c nhau gi&#7919;a t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i. B&#7919;a &#259;n, t&#432; th&#7871;, c&#225;ch th&#7903; v&#224; m&#7913;c g&#7891;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a hai ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>Ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y g&#7847;n v&#7899;i <strong>h&#224;ng r&#224;o hai l&#7899;p</strong> h&#417;n m&#7897;t c&#225;i van:</p><ul><li><p>L&#7899;p trong l&#224; c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i, m&#7897;t d&#7843;i c&#417; tr&#417;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng.</p></li><li><p>L&#7899;p ngo&#224;i l&#224; ph&#7847;n tr&#7909; c&#7911;a c&#417; ho&#224;nh &#244;m quanh th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n t&#7841;i khe ho&#224;nh.</p></li></ul><p>&#193;p l&#7921;c t&#7841;i h&#224;ng r&#224;o ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t n&#7917;a c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n; n&#7917;a c&#242;n l&#7841;i l&#224; &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7915; d&#7841; d&#224;y. V&#236; v&#7853;y c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t <strong>ch&#234;nh &#225;p qua ch&#7895; n&#7889;i</strong>, kh&#244;ng th&#7875; nh&#236;n ri&#234;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c c&#417; th&#7855;t [2].</p><p>Tr&#234;n <em>American Journal of Gastroenterology</em> n&#259;m 2007, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17319930/">Pandolfino v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> so s&#225;nh c&#7855;t ngang 75 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng v&#7899;i 156 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD b&#7857;ng &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao [1]. Nh&#243;m GERD c&#243; kho&#7843;ng t&#225;ch gi&#7919;a hai l&#7899;p l&#7899;n h&#417;n v&#224; m&#7913;c t&#259;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c khi h&#237;t v&#224;o th&#7845;p h&#417;n [1]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; li&#234;n h&#7879; quan s&#225;t, kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh ph&#7847;n n&#224;o &#8220;h&#7887;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c&#8221;.</p><p>Tr&#234;n <em>Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility</em> n&#259;m 2020, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32163648/">Rogers v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> h&#7891;i c&#7913;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a 248 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n l&#224;m nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng [2]. V&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng t&#225;ch t&#7915; 3 cm, ch&#234;nh &#225;p &#273;&#7881;nh gi&#7843;m t&#7915; 3,5 xu&#7889;ng &#8722;8,6 mmHg (p = 0,01); c&#226;n b&#7857;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c x&#7843;y ra &#7903; 65%, so v&#7899;i 27% khi kho&#7843;ng t&#225;ch nh&#7887; h&#417;n (p &lt; 0,001) [2]. &#7902; hai nh&#243;m kho&#7843;ng t&#225;ch nh&#7887; h&#417;n, ch&#234;nh &#225;p kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7893;i [2]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng &#273;o c&#417;n acid [2].</p><p>Tr&#234;n <em>Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies</em> n&#259;m 2016, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27634073/">Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> &#273;o l&#7863;p l&#7841;i tr&#234;n 58 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD [3]. Nh&#243;m c&#243; &#225;p l&#7921;c c&#417; th&#7855;t l&#250;c ngh&#7881; tr&#234;n 10 mmHg t&#259;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n khi gi&#7919; hai ch&#226;n v&#7899;i h&#244;ng v&#224; g&#7889;i g&#7853;p 90&#176; [3]. T&#225;c gi&#7843; n&#243;i hai ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng &#8220;c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng li&#234;n quan&#8221;; h&#7885; kh&#244;ng &#273;o c&#417;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c [3].</p><p>N&#7871;u tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n trong l&#250;c g&#7891;ng m&#224; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n kho&#7843;ng n&#7917;a gi&#7901; sau khi d&#7915;ng t&#7853;p, &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i kh&#225;c. T&#244;i &#273;&#227; t&#225;ch ri&#234;ng <a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ban-tap-xong-khong-sao-ba-muoi-phut">m&#7855;t x&#237;ch gi&#7919;a whey, th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m sau t&#7853;p v&#224; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7895;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y</a> trong b&#224;i tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:4586668,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#8220;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; h&#224;ng r&#224;o ch&#7889;ng tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c g&#7891;m c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#7903; trong v&#224; tr&#7909; c&#417; ho&#224;nh &#7903; ngo&#224;i, v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7915; d&#7841; d&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y.&#8221;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#8220;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; h&#224;ng r&#224;o ch&#7889;ng tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c g&#7891;m c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#7903; trong v&#224; tr&#7909; c&#417; ho&#224;nh &#7903; ngo&#224;i, v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7915; d&#7841; d&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y.&#8221;" title="&#8220;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; h&#224;ng r&#224;o ch&#7889;ng tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c g&#7891;m c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#7903; trong v&#224; tr&#7909; c&#417; ho&#224;nh &#7903; ngo&#224;i, v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7915; d&#7841; d&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y.&#8221;" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GB6_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6079006f-4a3b-4c2f-aac9-bab374c88b1b_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#7842;nh 1 &#8212; H&#224;ng r&#224;o hai l&#7899;p t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y</strong> &#8220;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; h&#224;ng r&#224;o ch&#7889;ng tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c g&#7891;m c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#7903; trong v&#224; tr&#7909; c&#417; ho&#224;nh &#7903; ngo&#224;i, v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7915; d&#7841; d&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y.&#8221;</p></blockquote><h2><strong>V&#7883; tr&#237; c&#7847;m t&#7841; c&#243; l&#224;m &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#249;ng n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y thay &#273;&#7893;i kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p>Trong th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m sinh l&#253; &#273;o l&#7863;p l&#7841;i c&#7911;a Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; tr&#234;n <em>Frontiers in Physiology</em> n&#259;m 2026, 28 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh gi&#7919; c&#249;ng t&#7843;i 20 gi&#226;y [4]. &#193;p l&#7921;c v&#249;ng n&#7889;i cao h&#417;n khi tay &#273;&#432;a tr&#432;&#7899;c 45&#176; so v&#7899;i tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n; ba m&#7913;c 3, 6 v&#224; 9 kg kh&#244;ng kh&#225;c c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a [4].</p><p>Tr&#234;n <em>Frontiers in Physiology</em> n&#259;m 2026, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1735342">Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> b&#225;o c&#225;o th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m sinh l&#253; &#273;o l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, v&#7899;i th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#225;c &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i GERD [4]. Hai m&#432;&#417;i t&#225;m ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, tu&#7893;i 20&#8211;31, gi&#7919; t&#250;i n&#432;&#7899;c 3, 6 v&#224; 9 kg trong 20 gi&#226;y; tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;a tr&#432;&#7899;c 45&#176; [4].</p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png" width="926" height="1444" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1444,&quot;width&quot;:926,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1475908,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#7842;nh g&#7889;c t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&#7913;ng gi&#7919; t&#250;i t&#7843;i, hai tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n, trong l&#250;c &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#7842;nh g&#7889;c t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&#7913;ng gi&#7919; t&#250;i t&#7843;i, hai tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n, trong l&#250;c &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao." title="&#7842;nh g&#7889;c t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&#7913;ng gi&#7919; t&#250;i t&#7843;i, hai tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n, trong l&#250;c &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEfr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F079c8655-760b-41ec-9ac7-f8a8c4c7ae5e_926x1444.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong><br>&#7842;nh ph&#7909; 2a &#8212; T&#432; th&#7871; tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n (&#7843;nh g&#7889;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u)</strong> </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png" width="926" height="1445" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1445,&quot;width&quot;:926,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1486398,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#7842;nh g&#7889;c t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&#7913;ng gi&#7919; t&#250;i t&#7843;i, hai tay &#273;&#432;a ra tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t g&#243;c 45 &#273;&#7897;, trong l&#250;c &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#7842;nh g&#7889;c t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&#7913;ng gi&#7919; t&#250;i t&#7843;i, hai tay &#273;&#432;a ra tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t g&#243;c 45 &#273;&#7897;, trong l&#250;c &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao." title="&#7842;nh g&#7889;c t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&#7913;ng gi&#7919; t&#250;i t&#7843;i, hai tay &#273;&#432;a ra tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t g&#243;c 45 &#273;&#7897;, trong l&#250;c &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JEKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17e6111c-a97a-4549-8f89-5258945be626_926x1445.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br><strong>&#7842;nh ph&#7909; 2b &#8212; T&#432; th&#7871; tay &#273;&#432;a tr&#432;&#7899;c 45&#176; (&#7843;nh g&#7889;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u)</strong> .</p></blockquote><p><strong>&#193;p l&#7921;c LES/HPZ trung b&#236;nh (mmHg)3 kg6 kg9 kgSo s&#225;nh ba m&#7913;c t&#7843;i<span>Tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n</span></strong><span>22,1421,4624,36p = 0,54</span><strong><span>Tay &#273;&#432;a ra tr&#432;&#7899;c 45&#176;</span></strong><span>27,1828,0733,18p = 0,14</span><strong><span>So s&#225;nh hai v&#7883; tr&#237; tay. p = 0,007p &lt; 0,001p &lt; 0,001</span></strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png" width="1456" height="1950" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1950,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5386315,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;LES/HPZ: c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i/v&#249;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c cao t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i. S&#7889; li&#7879;u t&#7915; Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Frontiers in Physiology 2026 [4].&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="LES/HPZ: c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i/v&#249;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c cao t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i. S&#7889; li&#7879;u t&#7915; Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Frontiers in Physiology 2026 [4]." title="LES/HPZ: c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i/v&#249;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c cao t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i. S&#7889; li&#7879;u t&#7915; Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Frontiers in Physiology 2026 [4]." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fhNh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43585d29-f975-4ce7-94f8-b3b8b5d43679_1792x2400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><em>LES/HPZ: c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i/v&#249;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c cao t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i. S&#7889; li&#7879;u t&#7915; Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, Frontiers in Physiology 2026 [4].</em></p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png" width="1456" height="789" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:789,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2265478,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;B&#7843;n ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c &#273;o b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao, th&#7875; hi&#7879;n v&#249;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c cao t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y (LES/HPZ) khi so s&#225;nh hai v&#7883; tr&#237; tay trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="B&#7843;n ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c &#273;o b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao, th&#7875; hi&#7879;n v&#249;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c cao t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y (LES/HPZ) khi so s&#225;nh hai v&#7883; tr&#237; tay trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026." title="B&#7843;n ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c &#273;o b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao, th&#7875; hi&#7879;n v&#249;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c cao t&#7841;i ch&#7895; n&#7889;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n&#8211;d&#7841; d&#224;y (LES/HPZ) khi so s&#225;nh hai v&#7883; tr&#237; tay trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Bitnar v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; n&#259;m 2026." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LG4l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F442a2549-a2cc-4361-8a5f-4c2d07c3184d_1772x960.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#7842;nh ph&#7909; 2c &#8212; B&#7843;n ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c HRM (&#7843;nh g&#7889;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u)</strong> </p></blockquote><p>&#7902; m&#7913;c 9 kg, tay &#273;&#432;a tr&#432;&#7899;c cho &#225;p l&#7921;c LES/HPZ cao h&#417;n trung b&#236;nh 8,82 mmHg; kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 95% t&#7915; 4,99 &#273;&#7871;n 12,65 mmHg [4]. T&#225;c gi&#7843; cho r&#7857;ng c&#417; ho&#224;nh v&#224; c&#225;c c&#417; gi&#7919; th&#226;n c&#243; th&#7875; g&#243;p ph&#7847;n v&#224;o ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng n&#224;y [4].</p><p>&#193;p l&#7921;c LES/HPZ t&#259;ng <strong>kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a nguy c&#417; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng</strong>; n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh h&#224;ng r&#224;o &#273;ang si&#7871;t m&#7841;nh h&#417;n [4]. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#225;p l&#7921;c d&#7841; d&#224;y, pH hay s&#7889; c&#417;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c, nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#432;a th&#7875; cho bi&#7871;t ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng &#7845;y t&#7889;t hay x&#7845;u [4].</p><p>T&#225;c gi&#7843; cho r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch gi&#7919;a ba t&#7843;i c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; &#8220;ng&#432;&#7905;ng tr&#7847;n sinh l&#253;&#8221; v&#224; b&#225;o c&#225;o ph&#233;p ki&#7875;m c&#243; 80% kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng v&#7915;a [4]. Nh&#432;ng m&#7851;u nh&#7887;, t&#7843;i tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#224; c&#225;ch gi&#7919; th&#226;n kh&#225;c nhau v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; che khu&#7845;t thay &#273;&#7893;i [4]. V&#236; th&#7871;, p = 0,14 kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh t&#7843;i kh&#244;ng quan tr&#7885;ng [4].</p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5351830,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;So s&#225;nh hai t&#432; th&#7871; trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#259;m 2026: c&#249;ng m&#7897;t t&#7843;i nh&#432;ng tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;a ra tr&#432;&#7899;c 45 &#273;&#7897;; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7891;m 28 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, gi&#7919; t&#297;nh 20 gi&#226;y v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;o c&#417;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="So s&#225;nh hai t&#432; th&#7871; trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#259;m 2026: c&#249;ng m&#7897;t t&#7843;i nh&#432;ng tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;a ra tr&#432;&#7899;c 45 &#273;&#7897;; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7891;m 28 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, gi&#7919; t&#297;nh 20 gi&#226;y v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;o c&#417;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c." title="So s&#225;nh hai t&#432; th&#7871; trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#259;m 2026: c&#249;ng m&#7897;t t&#7843;i nh&#432;ng tay bu&#244;ng d&#7885;c th&#226;n ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;a ra tr&#432;&#7899;c 45 &#273;&#7897;; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7891;m 28 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, gi&#7919; t&#297;nh 20 gi&#226;y v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;o c&#417;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M1BY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef4b0ad-c215-4c02-a47d-a4d9709c92f6_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>&#7842;nh 2 &#8212; C&#249;ng t&#7843;i, hai v&#7883; tr&#237; tay trong giao th&#7913;c n&#259;m 2026</strong> </p></blockquote><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7885;n b&#224;i t&#7853;p &#8220;th&#226;n thi&#7879;n&#8221; h&#417;n kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p>Ch&#432;a th&#7875; d&#225;n nh&#227;n &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c n&#224;o l&#224; &#8220;th&#226;n thi&#7879;n v&#7899;i GERD&#8221;. H&#7907;p l&#253; h&#417;n l&#224; ch&#7885;n bi&#7871;n th&#7875; d&#7877; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#7875; th&#7917; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#8212; th&#226;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; ho&#7863;c t&#7843;i g&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8212; r&#7891;i so tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch s&#224;ng l&#7885;c c&#225; nh&#226;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; hay b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m an to&#224;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png" width="1456" height="616" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:616,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:113699,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;B&#7843;ng bi&#7871;n th&#7875; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD th&#7917; tr&#432;&#7899;c: &#273;&#7849;y ng&#7921;c ng&#7891;i c&#243; t&#7921;a l&#432;ng cho ng&#7921;c, ch&#232;o thuy&#7873;n c&#243; &#273;&#7879;m t&#7921;a ng&#7921;c cho l&#432;ng, b&#432;&#7899;c l&#234;n b&#7909;c v&#7899;i t&#7841; bu&#244;ng hai b&#234;n cho ch&#226;n v&#224; m&#244;ng, x&#225;ch t&#7841; &#273;i b&#7897; tay d&#7885;c th&#226;n cho mang t&#7843;i &#8212; k&#232;m l&#253; do &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917; v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n th&#7875;; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#417; h&#7885;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng an to&#224;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="B&#7843;ng bi&#7871;n th&#7875; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD th&#7917; tr&#432;&#7899;c: &#273;&#7849;y ng&#7921;c ng&#7891;i c&#243; t&#7921;a l&#432;ng cho ng&#7921;c, ch&#232;o thuy&#7873;n c&#243; &#273;&#7879;m t&#7921;a ng&#7921;c cho l&#432;ng, b&#432;&#7899;c l&#234;n b&#7909;c v&#7899;i t&#7841; bu&#244;ng hai b&#234;n cho ch&#226;n v&#224; m&#244;ng, x&#225;ch t&#7841; &#273;i b&#7897; tay d&#7885;c th&#226;n cho mang t&#7843;i &#8212; k&#232;m l&#253; do &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917; v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n th&#7875;; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#417; h&#7885;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng an to&#224;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh." title="B&#7843;ng bi&#7871;n th&#7875; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD th&#7917; tr&#432;&#7899;c: &#273;&#7849;y ng&#7921;c ng&#7891;i c&#243; t&#7921;a l&#432;ng cho ng&#7921;c, ch&#232;o thuy&#7873;n c&#243; &#273;&#7879;m t&#7921;a ng&#7921;c cho l&#432;ng, b&#432;&#7899;c l&#234;n b&#7909;c v&#7899;i t&#7841; bu&#244;ng hai b&#234;n cho ch&#226;n v&#224; m&#244;ng, x&#225;ch t&#7841; &#273;i b&#7897; tay d&#7885;c th&#226;n cho mang t&#7843;i &#8212; k&#232;m l&#253; do &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917; v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n th&#7875;; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#417; h&#7885;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng an to&#224;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GkmB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c80cad0-a856-4d4f-886a-4f1d4f823925_2000x846.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong><br></strong></p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png" width="1122" height="1402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1402,&quot;width&quot;:1122,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1488784,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;V&#237; d&#7909; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n th&#7875; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD th&#7917; v&#224; theo d&#245;i tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#417; h&#7885;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng an to&#224;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="V&#237; d&#7909; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n th&#7875; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD th&#7917; v&#224; theo d&#245;i tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#417; h&#7885;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng an to&#224;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh." title="V&#237; d&#7909; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n th&#7875; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD th&#7917; v&#224; theo d&#245;i tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#417; h&#7885;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng an to&#224;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R0Oj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20a73aa-955a-4d0e-afce-e4afb1d4b3e2_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>&#7842;nh 3 &#8212; C&#225;c bi&#7871;n th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; th&#7917; tr&#432;&#7899;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng an to&#224;n</strong> </p></blockquote><p>Ch&#232;o thuy&#7873;n g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i, front squat, goblet squat, Romanian deadlift ho&#7863;c pullover th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7863;t t&#7843;i xa th&#226;n h&#417;n hay &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i gi&#7919; th&#226;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n. Ch&#250;ng <strong>&#273;&#225;ng theo d&#245;i k&#7929; h&#417;n</strong>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#224;i c&#7845;m. Gh&#7871; t&#7921;a ho&#7863;c trap-bar c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#227;n b&#7843;o h&#224;nh: ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u so tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#225;p l&#7921;c hay tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng GERD gi&#7919;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n th&#7875; n&#224;y.</p><h2><strong>N&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng c&#243; ph&#7843;i b&#224;i ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD n&#234;n b&#7887; kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p>Ch&#432;a th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n. N&#226;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n 45&#176; trong 5 gi&#226;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng nh&#432; nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#236; n&#243; t&#7841;o th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#224; gi&#250;p d&#7921; b&#225;o ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m acid b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng [5]. M&#7897;t nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c g&#226;y h&#7841;i ho&#7863;c ch&#7889;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh trong t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n.</p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png" width="1351" height="912" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:912,&quot;width&quot;:1351,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1077586,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Minh ho&#7841; giao th&#7913;c nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia n&#7857;m ng&#7917;a, n&#226;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n t&#7841;o g&#243;c 45 &#273;&#7897; trong khi &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Minh ho&#7841; giao th&#7913;c nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia n&#7857;m ng&#7917;a, n&#226;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n t&#7841;o g&#243;c 45 &#273;&#7897; trong khi &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao." title="Minh ho&#7841; giao th&#7913;c nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng: ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia n&#7857;m ng&#7917;a, n&#226;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n t&#7841;o g&#243;c 45 &#273;&#7897; trong khi &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oCCy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c2df79b-5b6f-404e-a762-7f44af0f6b84_1351x912.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>&#7842;nh ph&#7909; &#8212; Giao th&#7913;c nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng (&#7843;nh g&#7889;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u)</strong> </p></blockquote><p>Tr&#234;n <em>Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology</em> n&#259;m 2023, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36270615/">Siboni v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;</a> b&#225;o c&#225;o nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ti&#7871;n c&#7913;u &#273;a trung t&#226;m v&#7873; &#273;&#7897; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n: 295 b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n n&#226;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n 45&#176; trong 5 gi&#226;y [5]. M&#7913;c t&#259;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n t&#7915; 11 mmHg d&#7921; b&#225;o ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m acid b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; nh&#7841;y 79% v&#224; &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#7863;c hi&#7879;u 85% [5].</p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png" width="1456" height="942" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:942,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1642631,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;B&#7843;n ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n &#273;o b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao trong nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng, th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c t&#259;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; b&#225;o ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m acid b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213973703?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="B&#7843;n ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n &#273;o b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao trong nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng, th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c t&#259;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; b&#225;o ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m acid b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng." title="B&#7843;n ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n &#273;o b&#7857;ng manometry &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i cao trong nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng, th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c t&#259;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; b&#225;o ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m acid b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AJOV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f1c3452-437f-4628-8575-76b4896fe8f7_1647x1066.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>&#7842;nh ph&#7909; &#8212; B&#7843;n ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c khi n&#226;ng ch&#226;n (&#7843;nh g&#7889;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u)</strong> </p></blockquote><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; <strong>gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n</strong>, kh&#244;ng h&#7887;i t&#7853;p leg raise nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n c&#243; l&#224;m GERD n&#7863;ng h&#417;n. Trong Bitnar 2016, b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n GERD gi&#7919; hai ch&#226;n v&#7899;i h&#244;ng v&#224; g&#7889;i g&#7853;p 90&#176; [3]. Bitnar 2026 c&#361;ng &#273;o t&#432; th&#7871; n&#7857;m ng&#7917;a n&#226;ng hai ch&#226;n nh&#432; v&#7853;y &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh: LES t&#259;ng c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a; UES c&#361;ng t&#259;ng, nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; khi n&#7857;m ng&#7917;a n&#226;ng ch&#226;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i khi &#273;&#7913;ng c&#7847;m tay &#273;&#432;a tr&#432;&#7899;c [4].</p><p>Hai giao th&#7913;c Bitnar g&#7847;n nhau, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n l&#224; ph&#233;p gi&#7919; t&#297;nh trong ph&#242;ng &#273;o. Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n gom ch&#250;ng v&#7899;i nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p m&#7897;t ch&#226;n c&#7911;a Siboni r&#7891;i g&#7885;i chung l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;b&#224;i t&#7853;p b&#7909;ng&#8221;.</p><p>Ch&#432;a c&#243; c&#259;n c&#7913; khuy&#234;n m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i GERD b&#7887; leg raise, c&#361;ng ch&#432;a c&#243; c&#259;n c&#7913; g&#7885;i n&#243; l&#224; b&#224;i r&#232;n h&#224;ng r&#224;o. N&#7871;u m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n th&#7875; t&#225;i t&#7841;o tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng, h&#227;y d&#7915;ng ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7893;i b&#224;i; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng &#273;&#243; h&#7919;u &#237;ch cho c&#225; nh&#226;n b&#7841;n nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c c&#243; h&#7841;i cho m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><h2><strong>&#272;o &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; v&#7873; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c?</strong></h2><p>&#272;o &#225;p l&#7921;c cho bi&#7871;t h&#224;ng r&#224;o ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ra sao trong m&#7897;t t&#432; th&#7871;, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a cho bi&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p c&#243; &#7907; chua hay acid tr&#224;o l&#234;n hay kh&#244;ng. C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#432;a so squat v&#7899;i deadlift, b&#224;i c&#243; t&#7921;a v&#7899;i kh&#244;ng t&#7921;a, ho&#7863;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh bi&#7871;n th&#7875; n&#224;o l&#224;m tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng GERD nh&#7865; h&#417;n.</p><p>Gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t n&#7857;m ngay trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871;:</p><ul><li><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#259;m 2026 ch&#7881; c&#243; 28 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, tu&#7893;i 20&#8211;31 [4].</p></li><li><p>T&#7843;i l&#224; t&#250;i n&#432;&#7899;c 3&#8211;9 kg, gi&#7919; t&#297;nh 20 gi&#226;y; kh&#244;ng c&#243; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7863;p l&#7841;i hay m&#7879;t m&#7887;i [4].</p></li><li><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng &#273;o &#225;p l&#7921;c trong d&#7841; d&#224;y, pH ho&#7863;c c&#417;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c [4].</p></li><li><p>&#7888;ng &#273;o ghi &#225;p l&#7921;c c&#7911;a v&#249;ng LES/HPZ, kh&#244;ng t&#225;ch ch&#7855;c ph&#7847;n &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p c&#7911;a c&#417; tr&#417;n v&#224; tr&#7909; c&#417; ho&#224;nh [4].</p></li><li><p>T&#7843;i l&#224; s&#7889; kilogram tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i, kh&#244;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh theo tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng hay s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i [4].</p></li><li><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u c&#7847;u d&#249;ng c&#249;ng m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c th&#7903; ho&#7863;c gi&#7919; th&#226;n [4].</p></li></ul><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#7881; cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t <strong>manh m&#7889;i c&#417; h&#7885;c</strong>: v&#7883; tr&#237; t&#7843;i &#273;i c&#249;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#249;ng n&#7889;i. B&#432;&#7899;c t&#7915; &#273;&#243; sang tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng GERD v&#7851;n c&#242;n thi&#7871;u [4].</p><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c n&#234;n th&#7917; bi&#7871;n th&#7875; m&#7899;i nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7893;i c&#7843; m&#7913;c t&#7843;i, t&#432; th&#7871; v&#224; c&#225;ch th&#7903; trong c&#249;ng m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i r&#7891;i c&#7889; &#273;o&#225;n nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n. Ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n th&#7875;, d&#249;ng m&#7913;c t&#7843;i b&#7841;n ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, theo d&#245;i tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng trong v&#224; sau t&#7853;p, r&#7891;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; gi&#7919; hay &#273;&#7893;i. Nh&#7853;t k&#253; n&#224;y gi&#250;p c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; y khoa.</p><p>C&#243; ba nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c &#273;&#7911; d&#249;ng:</p><ol><li><p><strong>&#272;&#7893;i m&#7897;t th&#7913; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n.</strong> Ch&#7885;n v&#7883; tr&#237; t&#7843;i, m&#7913;c t&#7843;i ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7897; h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#7911;a gh&#7871;. H&#7841; t&#7843;i v&#7851;n h&#7907;p l&#253;; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u 2026 kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;i&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i [4].</p></li><li><p><strong>Ghi ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng.</strong> V&#7883; chua, n&#243;ng r&#225;t, &#7907; ho&#7863;c &#273;au xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n l&#250;c t&#7853;p hay sau &#273;&#243;? Nh&#7853;t k&#253; cho th&#7845;y xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, kh&#244;ng &#273;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c acid.</p></li><li><p><strong>D&#7915;ng khi tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng t&#259;ng r&#245;.</strong> &#272;&#7915;ng c&#7889; h&#7871;t hi&#7879;p &#273;&#7875; ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng b&#224;i vi&#7871;t. N&#7871;u GERD v&#7851;n kh&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, h&#227;y trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i b&#225;c s&#297; thay v&#236; t&#7921; b&#7887; thu&#7889;c.</p></li></ol><p>&#272;au ng&#7921;c m&#7899;i xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n ho&#7863;c &#273;au ng&#7921;c khi g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c kh&#244;ng n&#234;n t&#7921; quy cho GERD; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; y t&#7871; [6]. Nu&#7889;t ngh&#7865;n, s&#7909;t c&#226;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7911; &#253;, xu&#7845;t huy&#7871;t ti&#234;u h&#243;a, n&#244;n k&#233;o d&#224;i ho&#7863;c thi&#7871;u m&#225;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#225;m v&#224; c&#226;n nh&#7855;c n&#7897;i soi theo h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n GERD c&#7911;a American College of Gastroenterology [7].</p><p>Quay l&#7841;i chi&#7871;c m&#225;y &#273;&#7847;u b&#224;i. D&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#432;a cho b&#7841;n danh s&#225;ch b&#224;i &#8220;an to&#224;n&#8221;. N&#243; ch&#7881; cho b&#7841;n m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n s&#7889; &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917; m&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#7921; l&#7915;a m&#236;nh r&#7857;ng c&#417; ch&#7871; &#273;&#227; l&#224; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng. V&#7883; tr&#237; t&#7843;i &#273;&#225;ng quan s&#225;t; m&#7913;c t&#7843;i v&#7851;n &#273;&#225;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng ghi l&#7841;i &#8212; nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n.</p><p>Bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p t&#7899;i, b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7893;i c&#249;ng l&#250;c c&#7843; b&#224;i l&#7851;n m&#7913;c t&#7843;i, hay ch&#7881; &#273;&#7893;i m&#7897;t th&#7913; &#8212; v&#7883; tr&#237; c&#7911;a t&#7843;i &#8212; r&#7891;i ghi xem c&#417; th&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ra sao?</p><h2><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD c&#242;n th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7887;i g&#236; v&#7873; t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c?</strong></h2><p>C&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p nh&#7845;t l&#224; c&#243; n&#234;n gi&#7843;m t&#7843;i, c&#243; ph&#7843;i b&#7887; n&#226;ng ch&#226;n v&#224; b&#224;i c&#243; gh&#7871; t&#7921;a c&#243; ch&#7855;c an to&#224;n h&#417;n kh&#244;ng. D&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i ch&#432;a tr&#7843; l&#7901;i d&#7913;t kho&#225;t; &#273;i&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m l&#224; ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t ph&#233;p &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i suy lu&#7853;n c&#417; h&#7885;c v&#224; theo d&#245;i ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD c&#243; n&#234;n t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c n&#7863;ng kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; 3&#8211;6&#8211;9 kg khi gi&#7919; t&#297;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh t&#7853;p n&#7863;ng kh&#244;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng GERD [4]. N&#7871;u t&#7843;i cao t&#225;i t&#7841;o tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng ho&#7863;c bu&#7897;c b&#7841;n g&#7891;ng kh&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, gi&#7843;m t&#7843;i hay &#273;&#7893;i bi&#7871;n th&#7875; &#273;&#7873;u h&#7907;p l&#253;.</p><p><strong>B&#224;i c&#243; gh&#7871; t&#7921;a c&#243; ch&#7855;c &#237;t g&#226;y tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c h&#417;n kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c. Gh&#7871; t&#7921;a c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;m ph&#7847;n vi&#7879;c gi&#7919; th&#226;n, n&#234;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; bi&#7871;n th&#7875; &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917;. Nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p so &#225;p l&#7921;c d&#7841; d&#224;y, s&#7889; c&#417;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c ho&#7863;c tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng gi&#7919;a b&#224;i c&#243; t&#7921;a v&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#7921;a &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD.</p><p><strong>N&#226;ng ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng c&#243; h&#7841;i cho ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Ch&#432;a ai bi&#7871;t. Nghi&#7879;m ph&#225;p n&#226;ng m&#7897;t ch&#226;n d&#7921; b&#225;o ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m acid b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong ph&#242;ng &#273;o, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p leg raise nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n. M&#7897;t ph&#233;p th&#7917; c&#417; h&#7885;c kh&#244;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; th&#224;nh b&#224;i c&#243; h&#7841;i ho&#7863;c b&#7883; ch&#7889;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><p><strong>&#193;p l&#7921;c c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i t&#259;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; d&#7877; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c h&#417;n kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n. &#272;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng si&#7871;t h&#224;ng r&#224;o khi gi&#7919; th&#226;n. &#272;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; nguy c&#417; c&#242;n c&#7847;n &#225;p l&#7921;c d&#7841; d&#224;y, ch&#234;nh &#225;p qua ch&#7895; n&#7889;i, pH v&#224; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng &#8212; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7841;i l&#432;&#7907;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#259;m 2026 kh&#244;ng &#273;o [4].</p><h3><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</strong></h3><ol><li><p>Pandolfino JE, Kim H, Ghosh SK, Clarke JO, Zhang Q, Kahrilas PJ. <strong>High-resolution manometry of the EGJ: an analysis of crural diaphragm function in GERD.</strong> <em>Am J Gastroenterol.</em> 2007;102(5):1056&#8211;1063. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17319930/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17319930/</a></p></li><li><p>Rogers B, Hasak S, Hansalia V, Gyawali CP. <strong>Trans-esophagogastric junction pressure gradients during straight leg raise maneuver on high-resolution manometry associate with large hiatus hernias.</strong> <em>Neurogastroenterol Motil.</em> 2020;32(7):e13836. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32163648/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32163648/</a></p></li><li><p>Bitnar P, Stovicek J, Andel R, et al. <strong>Leg raise increases pressure in lower and upper esophageal sphincter among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.</strong> <em>J Bodyw Mov Ther.</em> 2016;20(3):518&#8211;524. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27634073/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27634073/</a></p></li><li><p>Bitnar P, Kurka A, Busch A, et al. <strong>Impact of arm position and load on upper and lower esophageal sphincter pressures.</strong> <em>Front Physiol.</em> 2026;17:1735342. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1735342">https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1735342</a></p></li><li><p>Siboni S, Kristo I, Rogers BD, et al. <strong>Improving the Diagnostic Yield of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry for GERD: The &#8220;Straight Leg-Raise&#8221; International Study.</strong> <em>Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.</em> 2023;21(7):1761&#8211;1770.e1. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36270615/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36270615/</a></p></li><li><p>Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. <strong>2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain.</strong> <em>J Am Coll Cardiol.</em> 2021;78(22):e187&#8211;e285. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.053">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.053</a></p></li><li><p>Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, et al. <strong>ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.</strong> <em>Am J Gastroenterol.</em> 2022;117(1):27&#8211;56. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34807007/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34807007/</a></p></li></ol><h3><strong>B&#224;i li&#234;n quan</strong></h3><ul><li><p><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ban-tap-xong-khong-sao-ba-muoi-phut">B&#7841;n t&#7853;p xong kh&#244;ng sao. Ba m&#432;&#417;i ph&#250;t sau m&#7899;i &#7907; chua: h&#227;y th&#7917; l&#249;i ly whey</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/vi-khuan-hp-ung-thu-da-day">H. pylori, d&#249;ng &#273;&#361;a chung v&#224; ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y: B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; n&#243;i g&#236;?</a></p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Uống whey sau tập có làm trào ngược dạ dày không?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ly whey ngay sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p r&#417;i v&#224;o l&#250;c d&#7841; d&#224;y v&#7915;a b&#7883; g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c l&#224;m ch&#7853;m l&#7841;i. V&#224; n&#243; &#7903; l&#7841;i l&#226;u h&#417;n b&#7841;n t&#432;&#7903;ng nhi&#7873;u.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ban-tap-xong-khong-sao-ba-muoi-phut</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ban-tap-xong-khong-sao-ba-muoi-phut</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 16:39:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png" width="1456" height="762" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:762,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1721804,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;B&#236;nh whey &#273;&#7863;t c&#7841;nh gh&#7871; t&#7853;p, minh h&#7885;a t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7847;y b&#7909;ng ho&#7863;c &#7907; chua xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213879522?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="B&#236;nh whey &#273;&#7863;t c&#7841;nh gh&#7871; t&#7853;p, minh h&#7885;a t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7847;y b&#7909;ng ho&#7863;c &#7907; chua xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c." title="B&#236;nh whey &#273;&#7863;t c&#7841;nh gh&#7871; t&#7853;p, minh h&#7885;a t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7847;y b&#7909;ng ho&#7863;c &#7907; chua xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!McB-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ac3c152-d5ef-4315-8aa9-fe6691513507_1734x907.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">caption...</figcaption></figure></div><p><br>B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng m&#7885;i th&#7913;. T&#7853;p l&#250;c b&#7909;ng &#273;&#243;i. B&#7887; g&#7853;p b&#7909;ng. Kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7849;y qu&#225; n&#7863;ng. Su&#7889;t bu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; x&#7843;y ra.</p><p>R&#7891;i b&#7841;n t&#7855;m xong, ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng gh&#7871;, v&#224; n&#7917;a ti&#7871;ng sau v&#7883; chua b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u d&#226;ng l&#234;n. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i trong l&#250;c g&#7891;ng. L&#224; l&#250;c b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i.</p><p>Chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y kh&#243; ch&#7883;u h&#417;n c&#7843; &#7907; chua l&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y t&#7841;, v&#236; l&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y t&#7841; &#237;t ra b&#7841;n c&#242;n bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i cho c&#225;i g&#236;. C&#242;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;y th&#236; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng l&#224;m g&#236; c&#7843;. Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n l&#224; m&#236;nh b&#7883; n&#7863;ng h&#417;n r&#7891;i, v&#224; b&#7887; t&#7853;p.</p><p>V&#7853;y c&#225;i g&#236; g&#226;y ra n&#243;, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#225;p l&#7921;c &#7893; b&#7909;ng?</p><p><strong>M&#7897;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;n c&#243; l&#224;: g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m ch&#7853;m v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y; whey c&#243; th&#7875; l&#432;u l&#7841;i t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i l&#226;u; c&#242;n c&#259;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y v&#224; CCK &#273;&#7873;u li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n LES t&#7921; gi&#227;n. Ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o n&#7889;i tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p c&#7843; ba b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;y &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p t&#7841;.</strong></p><p>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7887; whey. &#7902; 11 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng ch&#7913;a &#273;&#7841;m r&#7895;ng ch&#7853;m h&#417;n khi u&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c 5 ph&#250;t; nh&#432;ng khi u&#7889;ng sau 30 ph&#250;t, t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7895;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#242;n kh&#225;c c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a so v&#7899;i l&#250;c ngh&#7881; [12]. N&#7871;u u&#7889;ng ngay l&#224;m b&#7841;n kh&#243; ti&#234;u, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#225;ng th&#7917;.</p><h2>V&#236; sao tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7871;n sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i trong l&#250;c t&#7853;p?</h2><p>V&#236; d&#7841; d&#224;y c&#7911;a b&#7841;n v&#7915;a b&#7883; t&#7855;t m&#225;y. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u si&#234;u &#226;m tr&#234;n 6 ng&#432;&#7901;i kho&#7867; m&#7841;nh (<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8174435/">Dig Dis Sci 1994</a>) ghi nh&#7853;n sau khi &#273;&#7841;p xe t&#7899;i 85% nh&#7883;p tim t&#7889;i &#273;a, t&#7847;n s&#7889; co b&#243;p v&#224; di&#7879;n t&#237;ch hang v&#7883; &#273;&#7873;u gi&#7843;m c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a, m&#244;n v&#7883; &#273;&#243;ng l&#7841;i, hang v&#7883; h&#7865;p th&#224;nh h&#236;nh &#7889;ng [1].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1195474,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; so s&#225;nh d&#7841; d&#224;y l&#250;c ngh&#7881; v&#224; sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh. Sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c, hang v&#7883; h&#7865;p h&#417;n, co b&#243;p gi&#7843;m v&#224; m&#244;n v&#7883; &#273;&#243;ng l&#7841;i, minh h&#7885;a c&#417; ch&#7871; d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7895;ng ch&#7853;m h&#417;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u si&#234;u &#226;m &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; so s&#225;nh d&#7841; d&#224;y l&#250;c ngh&#7881; v&#224; sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh. Sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c, hang v&#7883; h&#7865;p h&#417;n, co b&#243;p gi&#7843;m v&#224; m&#244;n v&#7883; &#273;&#243;ng l&#7841;i, minh h&#7885;a c&#417; ch&#7871; d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7895;ng ch&#7853;m h&#417;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u si&#234;u &#226;m &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh.&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213879522?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; so s&#225;nh d&#7841; d&#224;y l&#250;c ngh&#7881; v&#224; sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh. Sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c, hang v&#7883; h&#7865;p h&#417;n, co b&#243;p gi&#7843;m v&#224; m&#244;n v&#7883; &#273;&#243;ng l&#7841;i, minh h&#7885;a c&#417; ch&#7871; d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7895;ng ch&#7853;m h&#417;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u si&#234;u &#226;m &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh." title="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; so s&#225;nh d&#7841; d&#224;y l&#250;c ngh&#7881; v&#224; sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh. Sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c, hang v&#7883; h&#7865;p h&#417;n, co b&#243;p gi&#7843;m v&#224; m&#244;n v&#7883; &#273;&#243;ng l&#7841;i, minh h&#7885;a c&#417; ch&#7871; d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7895;ng ch&#7853;m h&#417;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u si&#234;u &#226;m &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2HS1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8b3ec85-c5df-47cf-bea2-ddfef121cfd7_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><span>T&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c th&#236; sao: 5 ph&#250;t v&#224; 30 ph&#250;t c&#243; kh&#225;c nhau kh&#244;ng?</span></h2><p><span>M&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m b&#7855;t ch&#233;o, ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n c&#7911;a Kashima v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n 11 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh. M&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i u&#7889;ng 400 ml ch&#7913;a 20 g protein v&#224; 12 g carbohydrate &#7903; ba &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n: l&#250;c ngh&#7881;, sau t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c 5 ph&#250;t ho&#7863;c sau t&#7853;p 30 ph&#250;t [12].</span></p><p><span>Th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7895;ng m&#7897;t n&#7917;a:</span></p><p><span>- L&#250;c ngh&#7881;: 91 &#177; 7 ph&#250;t [12].</span></p><p><span>- U&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p 5 ph&#250;t: 113 &#177; 21 ph&#250;t [12].</span></p><p><span>- U&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p 30 ph&#250;t: 91 &#177; 11 ph&#250;t [12].</span></p><p><span>Nh&#243;m u&#7889;ng &#7903; ph&#250;t th&#7913; 5 r&#7895;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y ch&#7853;m h&#417;n hai &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i; nh&#243;m u&#7889;ng &#7903; ph&#250;t th&#7913; 30 kh&#244;ng kh&#225;c c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a so v&#7899;i l&#250;c ngh&#7881; [12]. Chi ti&#7871;t &#273;&#225;ng mang v&#7873; ph&#242;ng t&#7853;p l&#224;: v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; ly &#273;&#7841;m, m&#224; &#7903; vi&#7879;c u&#7889;ng n&#243; qu&#225; s&#225;t l&#250;c v&#7915;a bu&#244;ng t&#7841;.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1350289,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Kashima 2018 cho th&#7845;y th&#7901;i gian d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7895;ng m&#7897;t n&#7917;a l&#224; 91 ph&#250;t l&#250;c ngh&#7881;, 113 ph&#250;t khi u&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c 5 ph&#250;t v&#224; 91 ph&#250;t khi u&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p 30 ph&#250;t; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n 11 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;o tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213879522?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Kashima 2018 cho th&#7845;y th&#7901;i gian d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7895;ng m&#7897;t n&#7917;a l&#224; 91 ph&#250;t l&#250;c ngh&#7881;, 113 ph&#250;t khi u&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c 5 ph&#250;t v&#224; 91 ph&#250;t khi u&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p 30 ph&#250;t; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n 11 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;o tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c." title="Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Kashima 2018 cho th&#7845;y th&#7901;i gian d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7895;ng m&#7897;t n&#7917;a l&#224; 91 ph&#250;t l&#250;c ngh&#7881;, 113 ph&#250;t khi u&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p kh&#225;ng l&#7921;c 5 ph&#250;t v&#224; 91 ph&#250;t khi u&#7889;ng sau t&#7853;p 30 ph&#250;t; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n 11 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;o tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d_Qp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1812e281-fa01-4277-9f77-348ce66e0345_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>Kashima kh&#244;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; GERD, kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng whey nguy&#234;n ch&#7845;t v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;o acid tr&#224;o l&#234;n th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y, ch&#7901; kho&#7843;ng 30 ph&#250;t l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#233;p th&#7917; th&#7921;c t&#7871;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;ng&#432;&#7905;ng an to&#224;n&#8221; hay ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; GERD.</span></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#417; ch&#7871; c&#7911;a th&#7913; &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;t t&#7915; l&#226;u: g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh l&#224;m ch&#7853;m qu&#225; tr&#236;nh r&#7895;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y. T&#7893;ng quan h&#7879; th&#7889;ng tr&#234;n <em>Aliment Pharmacol Ther</em> (2017) ghi nh&#7853;n v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#224;m ch&#7853;m r&#7895;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y v&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i th&#7901;i gian v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n ru&#7897;t, nhi&#7873;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng qua t&#259;ng ho&#7841;t t&#237;nh giao c&#7843;m; &#7907; h&#417;i, bu&#7891;n n&#244;n v&#224; tr&#7899; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; nh&#7919;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p n&#7863;ng, v&#224; ch&#250;ng <strong>n&#7863;ng l&#234;n khi c&#243; &#259;n u&#7889;ng trong ho&#7863;c quanh l&#250;c t&#7853;p</strong> [2].</p><p>C&#7905; m&#7851;u 6 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u si&#234;u &#226;m l&#224; r&#7845;t nh&#7887;, v&#224; n&#243; &#273;o tr&#234;n &#273;&#7841;p xe. Ch&#432;a ai ch&#7909;p hang v&#7883; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7915;a squat xong. Vi&#7879;c t&#244;i &#225;p sang ph&#242;ng t&#7841; l&#224; suy lu&#7853;n c&#417; ch&#7871;.</p><h2>Ly whey &#7903; l&#7841;i trong d&#7841; d&#224;y bao l&#226;u?</h2><p>L&#226;u h&#417;n b&#7841;n t&#432;&#7903;ng. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#234;n <em>Nutrients</em> (2018) cho 8 ng&#432;&#7901;i u&#7889;ng 35 g whey pha 500 ml n&#432;&#7899;c <strong>b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u 30 ph&#250;t sau khi k&#7871;t th&#250;c bu&#7893;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng trong m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#243;ng</strong>, &#273;o b&#7857;ng test h&#417;i th&#7903; 13C. Th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; r&#7895;ng m&#7897;t n&#7917;a l&#224; <strong>65,5 &#177; 11,4 ph&#250;t</strong> [3]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; s&#7889; &#273;o c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ly c&#7909; th&#7875;, trong m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7909; th&#7875;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#7901;i gian &#225;p d&#7909;ng cho m&#7885;i ly whey sau t&#7853;p.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u duy nh&#7845;t t&#244;i t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p vi&#7879;c r&#7895;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y c&#7911;a whey <strong>trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c s&#7899;m sau t&#7853;p</strong> [3]. T&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u whey kh&#225;c trong b&#224;i &#273;&#7873;u &#273;o &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang ngh&#7881; ho&#7863;c trong &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n kh&#225;c.</p><p>C&#242;n v&#7873; vi&#7879;c pha nhi&#7873;u hay &#237;t: Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#234;n <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em> (2015) cho 18 nam gi&#7899;i u&#7889;ng 450 ml ch&#7913;a 30 g ho&#7863;c 70 g whey isolate. T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7895;ng khi t&#237;nh theo n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng g&#7847;n nh&#432; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, kho&#7843;ng 2,6 v&#224; 2,9 kcal/ph&#250;t [5]. <strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y g&#7907;i &#253; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#432;a n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng ra kh&#7887;i d&#7841; d&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u ti&#7871;t kh&#225; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh; t&#7843;i n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n v&#236; v&#7853;y k&#233;o d&#224;i t&#7893;ng th&#7901;i gian r&#7895;ng</strong>.</p><p><em>L&#432;u &#253; xung &#273;&#7897;t l&#7907;i &#237;ch: nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#224;i tr&#7907; b&#7903;i c&#225;c qu&#7929; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#244;ng c&#7911;a &#218;c, nh&#432;ng whey protein d&#249;ng trong th&#237; nghi&#7879;m l&#224; h&#224;ng t&#224;i tr&#7907; hi&#7879;n v&#7853;t t&#7915; Fonterra Research Centre, New Zealand [5].</em></p><p>T&#7915; &#273;&#243; suy ra &#8212; v&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; <strong>suy lu&#7853;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i s&#7889; &#273;o</strong> &#8212; th&#234;m s&#7919;a, chu&#7889;i hay maltodextrin v&#224;o ly l&#224; t&#259;ng n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng, v&#224; t&#259;ng n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#236; d&#7841; d&#224;y c&#242;n &#273;&#7847;y l&#226;u h&#417;n. Ch&#432;a ai &#273;o m&#7897;t ly whey pha s&#7919;a sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p, n&#234;n t&#244;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;a ra con s&#7889; ph&#250;t cho tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#243;.</p><p>Ch&#7895; n&#224;y gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch m&#7897;t l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n c&#361; m&#224; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i hay n&#234;u sai l&#253; do. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7843;o pha whey v&#7899;i n&#432;&#7899;c thay v&#236; s&#7919;a v&#236; lactose. <strong>Trong c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o r&#245; l&#224; m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng cho ph&#233;p quy nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n cho lactose.</strong></p><p>V&#224; d&#7841; d&#224;y c&#242;n &#273;&#7847;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a c&#417; ch&#7871; van t&#7921; m&#7903; &#8212; th&#7913; g&#226;y ra ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c &#273;&#7907;t tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c.</p><h2>V&#236; sao &#273;&#7841;m l&#7841;i l&#224;m c&#225;i c&#417; v&#242;ng th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i/van d&#7877; m&#7903; h&#417;n?</h2><p><strong>LES l&#224; c&#417; th&#7855;t th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i, n&#7857;m gi&#7919;a th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n v&#224; d&#7841; d&#224;y. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; &#8220;c&#225;i van&#8221; li&#234;n quan tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c; m&#244;n v&#7883; l&#224; m&#7897;t van kh&#225;c, n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u ra c&#7911;a d&#7841; d&#224;y.</strong></p><p>Whey l&#224;m t&#259;ng hormone CCK [5]. Khi d&#7841; d&#224;y c&#259;ng, CCK c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m t&#259;ng nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n LES t&#7921; gi&#227;n tho&#225;ng qua &#8212; g&#7885;i l&#224; TLESR. Trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#234;n 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, truy&#7873;n CCK l&#224;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n TLESR t&#259;ng t&#7915; 9,1 l&#234;n 13,1; thu&#7889;c ch&#7863;n th&#7909; th&#7875; CCK-A l&#224;m s&#7889; l&#7847;n n&#224;y gi&#7843;m t&#7915; 8,3 xu&#7889;ng 5,3 [6].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:35260,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; cho th&#7845;y c&#417; v&#242;ng th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i LES n&#7857;m gi&#7919;a th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n v&#224; d&#7841; d&#224;y, c&#242;n m&#244;n v&#7883; n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u ra d&#7841; d&#224;y; LES m&#7899;i l&#224; h&#224;ng r&#224;o li&#234;n quan tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213879522?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; cho th&#7845;y c&#417; v&#242;ng th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i LES n&#7857;m gi&#7919;a th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n v&#224; d&#7841; d&#224;y, c&#242;n m&#244;n v&#7883; n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u ra d&#7841; d&#224;y; LES m&#7899;i l&#224; h&#224;ng r&#224;o li&#234;n quan tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c." title="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; cho th&#7845;y c&#417; v&#242;ng th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i LES n&#7857;m gi&#7919;a th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n v&#224; d&#7841; d&#224;y, c&#242;n m&#244;n v&#7883; n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u ra d&#7841; d&#224;y; LES m&#7899;i l&#224; h&#224;ng r&#224;o li&#234;n quan tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T3_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334a90b6-2465-47da-b5c2-a4c9729e6067_1456x819.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#225;c tr&#234;n 8 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh c&#361;ng ghi nh&#7853;n khi CCK n&#7897;i sinh t&#259;ng sau b&#7919;a &#259;n, s&#7889; &#273;&#7907;t tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c, s&#7889; l&#7847;n TLESR v&#224; th&#7901;i gian pH th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n d&#432;&#7899;i 4 &#273;&#7873;u t&#259;ng [7].</p><p>N&#243;i ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n: <strong>whey l&#224;m t&#259;ng CCK [5], c&#242;n CCK c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m LES t&#7921; gi&#227;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n [6][7] &#8212; t&#7841;o th&#234;m c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; d&#7883;ch d&#7841; d&#224;y tr&#224;o l&#234;n th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n</strong></p><h2>Nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y KH&#212;NG ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;?</h2><blockquote><p><strong>Kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh r&#7857;ng whey sau t&#7853;p g&#226;y tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c.</strong> Ch&#432;a ai &#273;o pH th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7915;a t&#7853;p xong r&#7891;i u&#7889;ng whey. B&#224;i n&#224;y gh&#233;p ba chu&#7895;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ri&#234;ng: g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m ch&#7853;m v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y, whey c&#243; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7895;ng t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7853;m, v&#224; CCK c&#243; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n TLESR. T&#7915;ng m&#7855;t c&#243; ngu&#7891;n; c&#225;i gh&#233;p ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng.</p><p><strong>B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng c&#361;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p t&#7841;.</strong> C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quan tr&#7885;ng d&#249;ng &#273;&#7841;p xe ho&#7863;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng trong m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#243;ng, v&#7899;i c&#7905; m&#7851;u ch&#7881; 6&#8211;8 ng&#432;&#7901;i. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u CCK d&#249;ng hormone v&#224; thu&#7889;c ch&#7863;n th&#7909; th&#7875;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t ly whey th&#7853;t.</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#225;c con s&#7889; trong b&#224;i ch&#7881; m&#244; t&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ly v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7909; th&#7875;. Ch&#250;ng kh&#244;ng cho bi&#7871;t ly whey c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#7903; l&#7841;i bao l&#226;u, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7843;i b&#7887; whey.</p></blockquote><h2>N&#7871;u u&#7889;ng ngay g&#226;y kh&#243; ti&#234;u, b&#7841;n n&#234;n th&#7917; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</h2><p><br>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7887; whey. N&#7871;u th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7847;y b&#7909;ng, kh&#243; ti&#234;u ho&#7863;c &#7907; chua sau khi u&#7889;ng ngay l&#250;c v&#7915;a t&#7853;p xong, h&#227;y th&#7917; ch&#7901; kho&#7843;ng 30 ph&#250;t r&#7891;i m&#7899;i u&#7889;ng [12]. Gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n lo&#7841;i whey, li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; c&#225;ch pha &#273;&#7875; xem ri&#234;ng th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m u&#7889;ng c&#243; t&#7841;o kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p>1. K&#7871;t th&#250;c bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p v&#224; h&#7841; nh&#7883;p. N&#7871;u kh&#225;t, u&#7889;ng n&#432;&#7899;c t&#7915; t&#7915;, &#273;&#7915;ng d&#7889;c m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c.</p><p>2. Kho&#7843;ng 30 ph&#250;t sau m&#7899;i u&#7889;ng ly whey quen thu&#7897;c. &#272;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i &#273;&#7893;i nh&#227;n whey, t&#259;ng li&#7873;u ho&#7863;c th&#234;m s&#7919;a, chu&#7889;i, y&#7871;n m&#7841;ch.</p><p>3. Ghi th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u. Khi c&#242;n t&#7853;p, tr&#432;&#7899;c ly whey, ngay sau u&#7889;ng hay mu&#7897;n h&#417;n? Theo d&#245;i qua v&#224;i bu&#7893;i t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, &#273;&#7915;ng k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n t&#7915; m&#7897;t ng&#224;y.</p><p>N&#7871;u v&#7883; chua &#273;&#227; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7841;n m&#7903; b&#236;nh l&#7855;c, l&#249;i th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m u&#7889;ng whey c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n ch&#237;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png" width="1376" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1376,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1326040,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ba b&#432;&#7899;c cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7877; kh&#243; ti&#234;u sau t&#7853;p: h&#7841; nh&#7883;p sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p, ch&#7901; kho&#7843;ng 30 ph&#250;t r&#7891;i u&#7889;ng ly whey quen thu&#7897;c v&#224; ghi l&#7841;i th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213879522?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ba b&#432;&#7899;c cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7877; kh&#243; ti&#234;u sau t&#7853;p: h&#7841; nh&#7883;p sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p, ch&#7901; kho&#7843;ng 30 ph&#250;t r&#7891;i u&#7889;ng ly whey quen thu&#7897;c v&#224; ghi l&#7841;i th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng." title="H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ba b&#432;&#7899;c cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7877; kh&#243; ti&#234;u sau t&#7853;p: h&#7841; nh&#7883;p sau bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p, ch&#7901; kho&#7843;ng 30 ph&#250;t r&#7891;i u&#7889;ng ly whey quen thu&#7897;c v&#224; ghi l&#7841;i th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXH8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4f1607a-ef18-4233-8854-305fd0330855_1376x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>V&#224; ph&#7847;n n&#7863;ng h&#417;n m&#7885;i l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n tr&#234;n.</strong> &#272;au ng&#7921;c c&#7845;p ho&#7863;c m&#7899;i xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong hay sau khi g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; y t&#7871; s&#7899;m v&#236; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224; lo&#7841;i tr&#7915; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n &#273;e do&#7841; t&#237;nh m&#7841;ng [10]. V&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c, nu&#7889;t ngh&#7865;n, s&#7909;t c&#226;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7911; &#253; ho&#7863;c xu&#7845;t huy&#7871;t ti&#234;u ho&#225; l&#224; c&#225;c d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7843;nh b&#225;o m&#224; guideline ACG khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; n&#7897;i soi &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; [11]. &#272;ang u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c &#7913;c ch&#7871; b&#417;m proton theo &#273;&#417;n th&#236; &#273;&#7915;ng t&#7921; b&#7887;.</p><div><hr></div><p><span>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n n&#233;m b&#236;nh whey v&#224;o g&#243;c ph&#242;ng. Bu&#7893;i t&#7853;p t&#7899;i, h&#227;y gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n ly &#273;&#243; &#8212; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7915;ng u&#7889;ng ngay khi v&#7915;a bu&#244;ng t&#7841;. Ch&#7901; kho&#7843;ng 30 ph&#250;t, u&#7889;ng r&#7891;i xem d&#7841; d&#224;y tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ra sao [12].</span></p><p><span>M&#7897;t thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#7887;. Nh&#432;ng &#237;t nh&#7845;t, l&#7847;n n&#224;y b&#7841;n &#273;ang th&#7917; &#273;&#250;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i.</span></p><h2>C&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</h2><p><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c c&#243; n&#234;n u&#7889;ng whey kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o n&#243;i ph&#7843;i b&#7887; whey. D&#7919; li&#7879;u trong b&#224;i cho th&#7845;y lo&#7841;i v&#224; m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7895;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y [3][4][5], c&#242;n th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m sau g&#7855;ng s&#7913;c l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#7855;t x&#237;ch c&#417; ch&#7871; ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p t&#7841; [1][3]. N&#7871;u mu&#7889;n t&#7921; th&#7917;, thay &#273;&#7893;i t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t thay v&#236; coi &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;.</p><p><strong>U&#7889;ng &#237;t m&#7897;t, chia l&#224;m hai l&#7847;n c&#243; &#273;&#7905; h&#417;n kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#417; ch&#7871; th&#236; h&#7907;p l&#253;, v&#236; n&#243; h&#7841; l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o m&#7895;i l&#7847;n. Nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o so tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p c&#225;ch chia li&#7873;u n&#224;y &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; suy lu&#7853;n t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7895;ng [5], kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n t&#7915; m&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m.</p><h2>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</h2><ol><li><p>Brown BP, Ketelaar MA, Schulze-Delrieu K, Abu-Yousef MM, Brown CK. <strong>Strenuous exercise decreases motility and cross-sectional area of human gastric antrum. A study using ultrasound.</strong> <em>Dig Dis Sci.</em> 1994;39(5):940&#8211;5. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8174435/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8174435/</a></p></li><li><p>Costa RJS, Snipe RMJ, Kitic CM, Gibson PR. <strong>Systematic review: exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome &#8212; implications for health and intestinal disease.</strong> <em>Aliment Pharmacol Ther.</em> 2017;46(3):246&#8211;65. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14157">https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14157</a></p></li><li><p>Evans GH, Mattin L, Ireland I, Harrison W, Yau AMW, McIver V, Pocock T, Sheader E, James LJ. <strong>Bolus Ingestion of Whey Protein Immediately Post-Exercise Does Not Influence Rehydration Compared to Energy-Matched Carbohydrate Ingestion.</strong> <em>Nutrients.</em> 2018;10(6):769. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060769">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060769</a></p></li><li><p>Calbet JA, MacLean DA. <strong>Role of caloric content on gastric emptying in humans.</strong> <em>J Physiol.</em> 1997;498(Pt 2):553&#8211;9. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1159224/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1159224/</a></p></li><li><p>Hutchison AT, Piscitelli D, Horowitz M, Jones KL, Clifton PM, Standfield S, Hausken T, Feinle-Bisset C, Luscombe-Marsh ND. <strong>Acute load-dependent effects of oral whey protein on gastric emptying, gut hormone release, glycemia, appetite, and energy intake in healthy men.</strong> <em>Am J Clin Nutr.</em> 2015;102(6):1574&#8211;84. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.117556">https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.117556</a> <em>(Whey protein do Fonterra Research Centre t&#224;i tr&#7907; hi&#7879;n v&#7853;t.)</em></p></li><li><p>Boulant J, Mathieu S, D&#8217;Amato M, Abergel A, Dapoigny M, Bommelaer G. <strong>Cholecystokinin in transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation due to gastric distension in humans.</strong> <em>Gut.</em> 1997;40(5):575&#8211;81. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9203932/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9203932/</a></p></li><li><p>Clav&#233; P, Gonz&#225;lez A, Moreno A, L&#243;pez R, Farr&#233; A, Cuss&#243; X, Azpiroz F, Llu&#237;s F. <strong>Endogenous cholecystokinin enhances postprandial gastroesophageal reflux in humans through extrasphincteric receptors.</strong> <em>Gastroenterology.</em> 1998;115(3):597&#8211;604. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9721157/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9721157/</a></p></li><li><p>Avidan B, Sonnenberg A, Schnell TG, Sontag SJ. <strong>Walking and chewing reduce postprandial acid reflux.</strong> <em>Aliment Pharmacol Ther.</em> 2001;15(2):151&#8211;5. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11148431/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11148431/</a></p></li><li><p>Kerksick CM, Arent S, Schoenfeld BJ, v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <strong>International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timing.</strong> <em>J Int Soc Sports Nutr.</em> 2017;14:33. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0189-4">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0189-4</a></p></li><li><p>Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. <strong>2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain.</strong> <em>Circulation.</em> 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001029">https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001029</a></p></li><li><p>Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, Greer KB, Yadlapati R, Spechler SJ. <strong>ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.</strong> <em>Am J Gastroenterol.</em> 2022;117(1):27&#8211;56. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8754510/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8754510/</a></p></li><li><p> Kashima H, Sugimura K, Taniyawa K, Kondo R, Yamaoka Endo M, Tanimoto S, v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. Timing of post-resistance exercise nutrient ingestion: effects on gastric emptying and glucose and amino acid responses in humans. Br J Nutr. 2018;120(9):995&#8211;1005. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114518002398</p></li></ol><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t ng&#224;y 2 th&#225;ng 9 n&#259;m 2026.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Không hút thuốc, vì sao nhiều phụ nữ Đài Loan vẫn mắc ung thư phổi?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#7902; &#272;&#224;i Loan, ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n ph&#7909; n&#7919; m&#7855;c ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c. Kh&#243;i d&#7847;u &#259;n l&#224; m&#7897;t nghi ph&#7841;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, nh&#432;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i s&#7899;m h&#417;n b&#7841;n t&#432;&#7903;ng.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/khoi-dau-an-ung-thu-phoi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/khoi-dau-an-ung-thu-phoi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 05:55:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ef0092e5-1b1f-445d-90e8-b846b8a85800_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png" width="1456" height="765" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:765,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1906767,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ch&#7843;o d&#7847;u trong b&#7871;p v&#7915;a b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7889;c m&#7897;t s&#7907;i kh&#243;i xanh&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213359238?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Ch&#7843;o d&#7847;u trong b&#7871;p v&#7915;a b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7889;c m&#7897;t s&#7907;i kh&#243;i xanh" title="Ch&#7843;o d&#7847;u trong b&#7871;p v&#7915;a b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7889;c m&#7897;t s&#7907;i kh&#243;i xanh" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6buE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F807eacc4-4337-413e-ab61-4b205b7fd829_1731x909.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>B&#7871;p Vi&#7879;t c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u d&#7841;y ngh&#7873; truy&#7873;n qua nhi&#7873;u th&#7871; h&#7879; m&#224; &#237;t ai h&#7887;i l&#7841;i: &#273;&#7907;i d&#7847;u gi&#224; r&#7891;i m&#7899;i b&#7887; h&#224;nh v&#244; cho th&#417;m.</p><p>D&#7847;u gi&#224; l&#224; l&#250;c m&#7863;t d&#7847;u g&#7907;n, r&#7891;i m&#7897;t s&#7907;i kh&#243;i xanh m&#7901; b&#7889;c l&#234;n. X&#224;o &#7903; nhi&#7879;t cao th&#236; th&#417;m th&#7853;t. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; ch&#7895; s&#7907;i kh&#243;i &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i h&#417;i n&#432;&#7899;c: d&#7847;u v&#224; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m b&#7883; &#273;un n&#243;ng &#273;ang t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t h&#7895;n h&#7907;p ch&#7845;t m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng b&#7871;p c&#243; th&#7875; h&#237;t v&#224;o.</p><p><a href="https://publications.iarc.who.int/113">IARC</a> &#273;&#227; x&#7871;p <strong>kh&#237; th&#7843;i t&#7915; chi&#234;n r&#225;n &#7903; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao</strong> v&#224;o Nh&#243;m 2A, &#8220;probably carcinogenic to humans&#8221; [5]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i <strong>m&#7889;i nguy</strong>, kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a m&#7897;t l&#7847;n &#273;&#7913;ng c&#7841;nh ch&#7843;o s&#7869; g&#226;y ung th&#432;.</p><p>Trong ph&#242;ng kh&#225;m ung b&#432;&#7899;u l&#7841;i c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7853;t ra sau hai ch&#7919; &#8220;ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i&#8221;:</p><p>Nh&#432;ng b&#224; c&#243; h&#250;t thu&#7889;c bao gi&#7901; &#273;&#226;u.</p><p><strong>&#7902; &#272;&#224;i Loan, ch&#7881; kho&#7843;ng 9&#8211;10% ph&#7909; n&#7919; m&#7855;c ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i t&#7915;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c [1]. Kh&#243;i d&#7847;u &#259;n l&#224; m&#7897;t nghi ph&#7841;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, nh&#432;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ch&#7911; y&#7871;u v&#7851;n l&#224; quan s&#225;t. C&#243; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u li&#7873;u&#8211;&#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n kh&#243;i d&#7847;u l&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#226;y ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i.</strong></p><h2>V&#236; sao ph&#7909; n&#7919; kh&#244;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c v&#7851;n m&#7855;c ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i?</h2><p><strong>T&#7841;i &#272;&#224;i Loan, ch&#7881; 9&#8211;10% ph&#7909; n&#7919; m&#7855;c ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i t&#7915;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c, so v&#7899;i 79&#8211;86% &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i [1]. Kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh kh&#243;i d&#7847;u l&#224; th&#7911; ph&#7841;m; n&#243; ch&#7881; cho th&#7845;y thu&#7889;c l&#225; kh&#244;ng gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n ca b&#7879;nh &#7903; n&#7919; v&#224; c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m.</strong></p><p>H&#250;t thu&#7889;c th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng, radon, &#244; nhi&#7877;m kh&#244;ng kh&#237;, ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p v&#224; di truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; g&#243;p ph&#7847;n. Kh&#243;i d&#7847;u &#259;n ch&#7881; l&#224; <strong>m&#7897;t</strong> ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m trong nh&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u nhi&#7873;u &#7903; ph&#7909; n&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i Hoa kh&#244;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c.</p><p>&#7902; Vi&#7879;t Nam, t&#244;i ch&#432;a t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho bi&#7871;t bao nhi&#234;u ph&#7909; n&#7919; m&#7855;c ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c. <a href="https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/704-viet-nam-fact-sheet.pdf">GLOBOCAN 2024</a> <strong>&#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh</strong> c&#243; 6.958 ca ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i m&#7899;i &#7903; n&#7919; [9]; <a href="https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ncds/ncd-surveillance/data-reporting/viet-nam/viet_nam_step_2021_report.pdf">&#273;i&#7873;u tra STEPS 2021 to&#224;n qu&#7889;c</a> ghi nh&#7853;n 0,6% ph&#7909; n&#7919; t&#7915; 15 tu&#7893;i tr&#7903; l&#234;n &#273;ang h&#250;t thu&#7889;c [10]. Hai con s&#7889; &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; gh&#233;p l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; suy ra nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n c&#7911;a 6.958 ca b&#7879;nh [9][10].</p><p>V&#224; ch&#7919; <strong>&#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh</strong> &#7903; &#273;&#226;y quan tr&#7885;ng: GLOBOCAN ngo&#7841;i suy t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7855;c t&#7915; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; d&#432;&#7899;i qu&#7889;c gia v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh h&#243;a t&#7917; vong t&#7915; t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7855;c c&#249;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7889;ng c&#242;n [9]. &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; to&#224;n qu&#7889;c &#273;&#7871;m &#273;&#7911; t&#7915;ng ca.</p><h2>V&#236; sao nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n lo&#7841;i d&#7847;u?</h2><p><strong>D&#7847;u v&#224; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m &#273;un n&#243;ng c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t th&#7843;i h&#417;n 50 h&#7907;p ch&#7845;t h&#7919;u c&#417; d&#7877; bay h&#417;i, g&#7891;m c&#7843; ch&#7845;t g&#226;y &#273;&#7897;t bi&#7871;n v&#224; ch&#7845;t g&#226;y ung th&#432; [2]. Yu v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; d&#7851;n l&#7841;i c&#225;c th&#237; nghi&#7879;m cho th&#7845;y nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i s&#7921; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh ch&#7845;t g&#226;y &#273;&#7897;t bi&#7871;n [2].</strong></p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1781184,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;S&#417; &#273;&#7891; lu&#7891;ng kh&#243;i t&#7915; ch&#7843;o: m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i thu ra ngo&#224;i, m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n tho&#225;t sang v&#249;ng h&#244; h&#7845;p; c&#7917;a s&#7893; &#273;&#432;a kh&#244;ng kh&#237; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i v&#224;o.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213359238?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; lu&#7891;ng kh&#243;i t&#7915; ch&#7843;o: m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i thu ra ngo&#224;i, m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n tho&#225;t sang v&#249;ng h&#244; h&#7845;p; c&#7917;a s&#7893; &#273;&#432;a kh&#244;ng kh&#237; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i v&#224;o." title="S&#417; &#273;&#7891; lu&#7891;ng kh&#243;i t&#7915; ch&#7843;o: m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i thu ra ngo&#224;i, m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n tho&#225;t sang v&#249;ng h&#244; h&#7845;p; c&#7917;a s&#7893; &#273;&#432;a kh&#244;ng kh&#237; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i v&#224;o." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7NyC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc112a80-d00c-4581-befe-15c3a067ee88_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p></blockquote><p>Trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u b&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng qu&#7847;n th&#7875; &#7903; Hong Kong, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2932">Yu v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, </a><em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2932">Cancer Research</a></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2932"> 2006</a> ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n 200 ca ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i v&#224; 285 ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7913;ng kh&#244;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c [2]. Sau hi&#7879;u ch&#7881;nh, nh&#243;m <strong>lu&#244;n</strong> &#273;un ch&#7843;o &#7903; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao c&#243; odds ratio 1,97 (KTC 95% 1,06&#8211;3,65); nh&#243;m <strong>th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng</strong> l&#224;m v&#7853;y l&#224; 1,02 (0,51&#8211;2,06) [2].</p><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng x&#225;c l&#7853;p m&#7897;t &#8220;nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; an to&#224;n&#8221; duy nh&#7845;t. N&#243; cho th&#7845;y nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao &#273;i c&#249;ng ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m &#273;&#225;ng quan t&#226;m h&#417;n, c&#242;n IARC sau khi xem c&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i, &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t v&#224; c&#417; ch&#7871; &#273;&#227; x&#7871;p kh&#237; th&#7843;i t&#7915; chi&#234;n r&#225;n nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao v&#224;o Nh&#243;m 2A [5]. Acrolein, m&#7897;t aldehyde c&#243; th&#7875; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong d&#7847;u &#273;un n&#243;ng, c&#361;ng thu&#7897;c Nh&#243;m 2A nh&#432;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ung th&#432; &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; [6].</p><h2>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; kh&#243;i d&#7847;u &#259;n n&#243;i g&#236;?</h2><p><strong>B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng d&#7883;ch t&#7877; ch&#7911; y&#7871;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u b&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng &#7903; ph&#7909; n&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i Hoa kh&#244;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c, c&#7897;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879;, m&#7897;t meta-analysis v&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u d&#7845;u &#7845;n sinh h&#7885;c [1][3][4][7]. Nhi&#7873;u k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#249;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng, nh&#432;ng &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; ti&#7871;n c&#7913;u l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y li&#234;n quan r&#245; gi&#7919;a vi&#7879;c d&#249;ng d&#7847;u &#259;n v&#224; ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i [3].</strong></p><p><strong>B&#7843;ng d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y t&#243;m t&#7855;t 5 m&#7843;nh b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ch&#237;nh: thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, c&#7905; m&#7851;u v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#7893;i b&#7853;t.</strong></p><p></p><blockquote><div id="datawrapper-iframe" class="datawrapper-wrap outer" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.datawrapper.de/_/PSeAn/&quot;,&quot;thumbnail_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a5eaf1dc-a32f-43c3-9503-9f2add5b6f2e_1220x930.png&quot;,&quot;thumbnail_url_full&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a1bb65ad-2ff2-424d-82d6-dc39cded2102_1220x1000.png&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;[ Insert title here ]&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Create interactive, responsive &amp; beautiful charts &#8212; no code required.&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DatawrapperToDOM"><iframe id="iframe-datawrapper" class="datawrapper-iframe" src="https://www.datawrapper.de/_/PSeAn/" width="730" height="500" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" loading="lazy"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var a in e.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data["datawrapper-height"][a]+"px"}}}))}();</script></div></blockquote><p></p><p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63656-7">GELAC, </a><em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63656-7">Scientific Reports</a></em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63656-7"> 2020</a> l&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u b&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng g&#7891;m 1.302 ca v&#224; 1.302 ch&#7913;ng t&#7841;i &#272;&#224;i Loan [1]. Odds ratio t&#259;ng theo m&#7913;c ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m v&#224; &#273;&#7841;t 3,17 &#7903; nh&#243;m &#8220;cooking time-years&#8221; cao nh&#7845;t (KTC 95% 1,34&#8211;7,68) [1]. &#272;i&#7875;m &#273;&#225;ng gi&#7919; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u li&#7873;u&#8211;&#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng; b&#7843;ng tr&#234;n &#273;&#227; t&#243;m t&#7855;t c&#225;c m&#7913;c c&#242;n l&#7841;i.</p><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27284248/">Meta-analysis n&#259;m 2016</a> g&#7897;p 13 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u b&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng v&#224; cho &#432;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng g&#7897;p 1,74 &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m kh&#243;i d&#7847;u [4]. C&#242;n <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25807518/">Hecht v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, </a><em><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25807518/">PLOS ONE</a></em><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25807518/"> 2015</a> &#273;o n&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7875;u 328 ph&#7909; n&#7919; Singapore kh&#244;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c v&#224; th&#7845;y ch&#7845;t chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a c&#7911;a acrolein, crotonaldehyde cao h&#417;n &#7903; nh&#243;m n&#7845;u b&#7857;ng wok th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n [7]. &#272;&#243; l&#224; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m, ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ung th&#432;.</p><p>M&#7843;nh l&#224;m c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n b&#7899;t &#273;&#7865;p l&#224; <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24917360/">&#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; Th&#432;&#7907;ng H&#7843;i, </a><em><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24917360/">International Journal of Cancer</a></em><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24917360/"> 2015</a>: 71.320 ph&#7909; n&#7919; ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c, theo d&#245;i t&#7915; 1996 &#273;&#7871;n 2009, c&#243; 429 ca ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i m&#7899;i [3]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c d&#249;ng d&#7847;u &#259;n li&#234;n quan c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i [3]. HR 1,49 thu&#7897;c v&#7873; <strong>th&#244;ng gi&#243; b&#7871;p k&#233;m</strong>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;kh&#243;i d&#7847;u&#8221; n&#243;i chung [3].</p><p>T&#244;i &#273;&#227; su&#253;t d&#7921;ng c&#7843; b&#224;i tr&#234;n con s&#7889; 1,49 [3]. &#272;&#7885;c l&#7841;i b&#224;i g&#7889;c m&#7899;i th&#7845;y n&#7871;u d&#249;ng n&#243; l&#224;m b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p cho d&#7847;u &#259;n th&#236; sai.</p><h2>Nguy c&#417; do kh&#243;i d&#7847;u &#259;n th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#7899;n &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u?</h2><p><strong>Ch&#432;a c&#243; con s&#7889; nguy c&#417; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i &#273;&#225;ng tin cho m&#7897;t ph&#7909; n&#7919; Vi&#7879;t Nam. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#272;&#224;i Loan b&#225;o odds ratio cao nh&#7845;t 3,17 v&#224; population attributable fraction 7,83% [1], nh&#432;ng hai s&#7889; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i x&#225;c su&#7845;t c&#225; nh&#226;n m&#7855;c ung th&#432;. PAF ch&#7881; mang ngh&#297;a nh&#226;n qu&#7843; n&#7871;u m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#224; nh&#226;n qu&#7843;.</strong></p><p>Odds ratio 3,17 kh&#244;ng cho bi&#7871;t x&#225;c su&#7845;t m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh [1]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u b&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng cho ta t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7855;c n&#7873;n c&#7911;a ph&#7909; n&#7919; Vi&#7879;t Nam, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; bi&#7871;n OR th&#224;nh nguy c&#417; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ph&#233;p nh&#226;n.</p><p>GELAC c&#242;n t&#237;nh PAF l&#224; 7,83% [1]. Ch&#7881; khi gi&#7843; s&#7917; m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; l&#224; nh&#226;n qu&#7843; v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh &#273;&#250;ng, con s&#7889; n&#224;y m&#7899;i c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c nh&#432; ph&#7847;n ca b&#7879;nh trong qu&#7847;n th&#7875; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quy cho m&#7913;c ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m h&#7885; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a [1]. N&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a kh&#243;i d&#7847;u &#8220;g&#226;y 7,83% ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i &#7903; ph&#7909; n&#7919; Vi&#7879;t Nam&#8221; [1].</p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do t&#244;i kh&#244;ng vi&#7871;t &#8220;nguy c&#417; t&#259;ng ba l&#7847;n&#8221; &#7903; ti&#234;u &#273;&#7873;. C&#226;u &#273;&#243; l&#7845;y m&#7897;t &#273;&#7841;i l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i r&#7891;i b&#7887; m&#7845;t m&#7913;c nguy c&#417; n&#7873;n v&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u.</p><h2>M&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i c&#243; b&#7843;o v&#7879; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng?</h2><p><strong>B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i c&#243; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u b&#7843;o v&#7879; nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7891;ng nh&#7845;t. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Hong Kong kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; sau hi&#7879;u ch&#7881;nh [2], trong khi nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#272;&#224;i Loan ghi nh&#7853;n odds ratio 0,49 &#7903; nh&#243;m d&#249;ng m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i trong ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n th&#7901;i gian n&#7845;u &#259;n [1].</strong></p><p>Hong Kong cho OR hi&#7879;u ch&#7881;nh 0,73 (KTC 95% 0,29&#8211;1,87), nh&#432;ng kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y c&#7855;t qua 1 n&#234;n ch&#432;a cho th&#7845;y l&#7907;i &#237;ch r&#245; v&#7873; th&#7889;ng k&#234; [2]. &#272;&#224;i Loan l&#7841;i ghi nh&#7853;n OR 0,49 (0,32&#8211;0,76) &#7903; nh&#243;m d&#249;ng m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i trong ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n th&#7901;i gian n&#7845;u &#259;n [1]. C&#225;ch n&#243;i trung th&#7921;c nh&#7845;t l&#224;: c&#243; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u b&#7843;o v&#7879;, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7891;ng nh&#7845;t.</p><p>Kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t c&#243; th&#7875; li&#234;n quan c&#225;ch &#273;o th&#7901;i gian d&#249;ng m&#225;y, nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; do c&#7905; m&#7851;u, qu&#7847;n th&#7875; hay nhi&#7877;u c&#242;n s&#243;t. <a href="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/strategies-improving-indoor-air-quality-while-cooking-infographic">EPA</a> khuy&#234;n d&#249;ng m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i <strong>tho&#225;t kh&#237; ra ngo&#224;i</strong> khi n&#7845;u, &#273;&#7875; ch&#7841;y th&#234;m 10&#8211;20 ph&#250;t sau khi xong, v&#224; m&#7903; c&#7917;a khi ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#244;ng kh&#237; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#249;ng th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t cho ph&#233;p [11]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o gi&#7843;m &#244; nhi&#7877;m trong nh&#224;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p ph&#242;ng ung th&#432;.</p><h2>B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; kh&#243;i d&#7847;u &#259;n c&#242;n thi&#7871;u g&#236;?</h2><p><strong>Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u b&#7879;nh-ch&#7913;ng, d&#7877; b&#7883; sai s&#7889; nh&#7899; l&#7841;i v&#224; nhi&#7877;u c&#242;n s&#243;t [1]. D&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7853;p trung &#7903; ph&#7909; n&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i Hoa; t&#7893;ng quan h&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#259;m 2025 ch&#7881; gi&#7919; ba nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7841;i &#272;&#224;i Loan ho&#7863;c Hong Kong [8]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t &#273;&#225;ng l&#432;u &#253;, ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n nh&#226;n qu&#7843;.</strong></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; b&#7843;n c&#361; c&#7911;a t&#244;i t&#7915;ng n&#243;i qu&#225; tay. GELAC th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n nguy c&#417; sai s&#7889; nh&#7899; l&#7841;i, nh&#432;ng t&#225;c gi&#7843; <strong>kh&#244;ng</strong> n&#243;i sai s&#7889; &#273;&#243; nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t l&#224;m k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#243;ng &#273;&#7841;i; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; bi&#7871;n h&#7885; c&#242;n cho r&#7857;ng n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o &#432;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#7873; ph&#237;a kh&#244;ng kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t [1].</p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n v&#7873; cooking time-years ch&#7881; c&#242;n 1.109 ca v&#224; 787 ch&#7913;ng sau khi lo&#7841;i ng&#432;&#7901;i thi&#7871;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u [1]. T&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#361;ng n&#234;u c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#432;a ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; nh&#432; radon, nhang v&#224; nhang mu&#7895;i, &#244; nhi&#7877;m ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i, ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n v&#224; c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; h&#250;t thu&#7889;c th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng [1].</p><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40541430/">T&#7893;ng quan h&#7879; th&#7889;ng </a><em><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40541430/">BMJ Open</a></em><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40541430/"> 2025</a> cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng ch&#7881; gi&#7919; ba nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng 3.734 ng&#432;&#7901;i, &#273;&#7873;u &#7903; &#272;&#224;i Loan ho&#7863;c Hong Kong [8]. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#249;ng c&#243; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u li&#7873;u&#8211;&#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng, nh&#432;ng qu&#225; d&#7883; bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; g&#7897;p meta-analysis [8].</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y t&#244;i g&#7885;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; <strong>m&#7897;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#243; nhi&#7873;u m&#7843;nh b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng c&#249;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng</strong>. M&#7843;nh c&#242;n thi&#7871;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; ti&#7871;n c&#7913;u d&#432;&#417;ng t&#237;nh v&#7899;i ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o t&#7889;t h&#417;n, v&#224; s&#7921; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i &#7903; c&#225;c qu&#7847;n th&#7875; ngo&#224;i ng&#432;&#7901;i Hoa.</p><h2>L&#224;m g&#236; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m kh&#243;i d&#7847;u khi n&#7845;u &#259;n?</h2><p><strong>N&#7871;u m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; gi&#7843;m ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m, hai vi&#7879;c h&#7907;p l&#253; l&#224; tr&#225;nh &#273;un d&#7847;u &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c b&#7889;c kh&#243;i v&#224; d&#249;ng th&#244;ng gi&#243; khi n&#7845;u. EPA khuy&#234;n b&#7853;t m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i tho&#225;t kh&#237; ra ngo&#224;i khi n&#7845;u v&#224; &#273;&#7875; ch&#7841;y th&#234;m 10&#8211;20 ph&#250;t sau khi xong [11]. Ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p r&#7857;ng c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;y gi&#7843;m ung th&#432;.</strong></p><blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png" width="1122" height="1402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1402,&quot;width&quot;:1122,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1929568,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Infographic t&#243;m t&#7855;t c&#225;ch gi&#7843;m ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m kh&#243;i khi n&#7845;u: kh&#244;ng ch&#7901; d&#7847;u b&#7889;c kh&#243;i, d&#249;ng m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i v&#224; m&#7903; c&#7917;a khi &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.hydennguyen.com/i/213359238?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Infographic t&#243;m t&#7855;t c&#225;ch gi&#7843;m ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m kh&#243;i khi n&#7845;u: kh&#244;ng ch&#7901; d&#7847;u b&#7889;c kh&#243;i, d&#249;ng m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i v&#224; m&#7903; c&#7917;a khi &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p." title="Infographic t&#243;m t&#7855;t c&#225;ch gi&#7843;m ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m kh&#243;i khi n&#7845;u: kh&#244;ng ch&#7901; d&#7847;u b&#7889;c kh&#243;i, d&#249;ng m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i v&#224; m&#7903; c&#7917;a khi &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z579!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F97ff4512-b399-4ba1-8099-c4188455f676_1122x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></blockquote><p></p><p><strong>&#272;&#7915;ng c&#7889; ch&#7901; d&#7847;u b&#7889;c kh&#243;i m&#7899;i cho th&#7913;c &#259;n v&#224;o.</strong> Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Hong Kong cho th&#7845;y th&#243;i quen lu&#244;n &#273;un ch&#7843;o nhi&#7879;t cao &#273;i c&#249;ng OR hi&#7879;u ch&#7881;nh cao h&#417;n [2]; IARC &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; kh&#237; th&#7843;i t&#7915; chi&#234;n r&#225;n nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao l&#224; Nh&#243;m 2A [5]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#253; do h&#7907;p l&#253; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m nhi&#7879;t v&#224; gi&#7843;m kh&#243;i, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#7901;i h&#7913;a gi&#7843;m m&#7897;t t&#7927; l&#7879; ung th&#432; c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p><p><strong>N&#7871;u c&#243; m&#225;y h&#250;t m&#249;i tho&#225;t ra ngo&#224;i, h&#227;y d&#249;ng n&#243; khi n&#7845;u v&#224; &#273;&#7875; ch&#7841;y th&#234;m 10&#8211;20 ph&#250;t sau khi xong</strong> [11]. Khi &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i ph&#249; h&#7907;p, m&#7903; c&#7917;a &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng trao &#273;&#7893;i kh&#244;ng kh&#237; c&#361;ng l&#224; khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o c&#7911;a EPA [11].</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7915;ng t&#7921; &#273;i ch&#7909;p CT ph&#7893;i t&#7847;m so&#225;t ch&#7881; v&#236; &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i n&#224;y.</strong> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/nonsmokers/index.html">CDC</a> n&#234;u r&#245; USPSTF kh&#244;ng khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; t&#7847;m so&#225;t ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i th&#432;&#7901;ng quy cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c v&#236; t&#225;c h&#7841;i ti&#7873;m t&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7899;n h&#417;n l&#7907;i &#237;ch [12]. N&#7871;u c&#243; nguy c&#417; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t hay ti&#7873;n s&#7917; gia &#273;&#236;nh, h&#227;y b&#224;n v&#7899;i b&#225;c s&#297;.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng <strong>c&#243; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng th&#236; &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; &#8220;t&#7847;m so&#225;t&#8221;</strong>. Ho k&#233;o d&#224;i ho&#7863;c n&#7863;ng d&#7847;n, ho ra m&#225;u, &#273;au ng&#7921;c, kh&#243; th&#7903; hay s&#7909;t c&#226;n kh&#244;ng r&#245; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/symptoms/index.html">tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng CDC</a> khuy&#234;n n&#234;n &#273;i kh&#225;m &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n [13]. Ch&#250;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; do nhi&#7873;u b&#7879;nh kh&#225;c.</p><p>GLOBOCAN 2024 &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#243; 23.085 ca ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i m&#7899;i v&#224; 21.340 ca t&#7917; vong [9]. Hai con s&#7889; g&#7847;n nhau cho th&#7845;y g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng t&#7917; vong l&#7899;n, nh&#432;ng <strong>kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng ch&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; suy ra tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p r&#7857;ng ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n mu&#7897;n</strong>, v&#236; t&#7917; vong c&#7911;a GLOBOCAN l&#224; s&#7889; m&#244; h&#236;nh h&#243;a [9].</p><p>Quay l&#7841;i s&#7907;i kh&#243;i xanh m&#7901; tr&#234;n ch&#7843;o.</p><p>N&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh ung th&#432;. Nh&#432;ng n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m ta c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;m ngay m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7893;i m&#243;n, mua th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng hay &#273;i x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m g&#236; c&#7843;.</p><p>T&#7889;i nay, gi&#7919; m&#243;n x&#224;o. Ch&#7881; b&#7887; th&#243;i quen ch&#7901; d&#7847;u gi&#224;.</p><h2>C&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</h2><p><strong>&#272;&#7893;i sang d&#7847;u &#244; liu hay d&#7847;u b&#417; c&#243; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n. Lo&#7841;i d&#7847;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n kh&#237; th&#7843;i, nh&#432;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Hong Kong cho th&#7845;y nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i s&#7921; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh ch&#7845;t g&#226;y &#273;&#7897;t bi&#7871;n [2]. B&#224;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho ph&#233;p x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng d&#7847;u &#244; liu, d&#7847;u b&#417; hay d&#7847;u kh&#225;c theo nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i.</p><p><strong>M&#7905; heo c&#243; t&#7879; h&#417;n d&#7847;u th&#7921;c v&#7853;t kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>GELAC ghi nh&#7853;n ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng m&#7905; heo c&#243; OR 1,92 (KTC 95% 1,04&#8211;3,75) so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng d&#7847;u th&#7921;c v&#7853;t [1]. Nh&#432;ng &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i trong m&#7851;u th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng m&#7905; heo, kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y r&#7897;ng v&#224; ch&#237;nh t&#225;c gi&#7843; y&#234;u c&#7847;u c&#7905; m&#7851;u l&#7899;n h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n [1]. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u, ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n.</p><p><strong>N&#7845;u b&#7857;ng b&#7871;p t&#7915; th&#236; h&#7871;t lo kh&#243;i d&#7847;u kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Kh&#244;ng. Kh&#243;i d&#7847;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; d&#7847;u v&#224; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m b&#7883; &#273;un n&#243;ng, n&#234;n &#273;&#7893;i ngu&#7891;n nhi&#7879;t kh&#244;ng lo&#7841;i b&#7887; ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m n&#7871;u v&#7851;n n&#7845;u &#7903; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao [2][5]. B&#7871;p t&#7915; tr&#225;nh kh&#237; th&#7843;i do &#273;&#7889;t gas, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i kh&#225;c v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#243;i d&#7847;u trong b&#224;i n&#224;y gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#227; n&#7845;u &#259;n nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m r&#7891;i th&#236; gi&#7843;m kh&#243;i b&#226;y gi&#7901; c&#242;n &#237;ch g&#236;?</strong></p><p>GELAC cho th&#7845;y ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m t&#237;ch l&#361;y t&#259;ng c&#249;ng OR ung th&#432; ph&#7893;i [1], nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o &#7903; &#273;&#226;y cho bi&#7871;t gi&#7843;m kh&#243;i t&#7915; h&#244;m nay s&#7869; l&#224;m nguy c&#417; gi&#7843;m bao nhi&#234;u hay m&#7845;t bao l&#226;u. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;m ph&#7847;n ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m t&#432;&#417;ng lai; l&#7907;i &#237;ch s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e ch&#432;a &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><h2>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</h2><ol><li><p>Chen TY, Fang YH, Chen HL, v&#224; cs. <em>Impact of cooking oil fume exposure and fume extractor use on lung cancer risk in non-smoking Han Chinese women.</em> Scientific Reports. 2020;10:6774. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63656-7">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63656-7</a> &#8212; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7885;c to&#224;n v&#259;n. <strong>T&#224;i tr&#7907;:</strong> National Research Program for Genomic Medicine in Taiwan v&#224; Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan. T&#225;c gi&#7843; tuy&#234;n b&#7889; kh&#244;ng c&#243; xung &#273;&#7897;t l&#7907;i &#237;ch.</p></li><li><p>Yu IT, Chiu YL, Au JS, Wong TW, Tang JL. <em>Dose-response relationship between cooking fumes exposures and lung cancer among Chinese nonsmoking women.</em> Cancer Research. 2006;66(9):4961&#8211;4967. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2932">https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2932</a> &#8212; &#273;&#227; ki&#7875;m b&#7843;ng s&#7889; li&#7879;u.</p></li><li><p>Kim C, Gao YT, Xiang YB, v&#224; cs. <em>Home kitchen ventilation, cooking fuels, and lung cancer risk in a prospective cohort of never smoking women in Shanghai, China.</em> International Journal of Cancer. 2015;136(3):632&#8211;638. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24917360/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24917360/</a></p></li><li><p>Xue Y, Jiang Y, Jin S, Li Y. <em>Association between cooking oil fume exposure and lung cancer among Chinese nonsmoking women: a meta-analysis.</em> OncoTargets and Therapy. 2016;9:2987&#8211;2992. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27284248/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27284248/</a></p></li><li><p>IARC. <em>Household Use of Solid Fuels and High-temperature Frying.</em> IARC Monographs Volume 95. Lyon; 2010. <a href="https://publications.iarc.who.int/113">https://publications.iarc.who.int/113</a></p></li><li><p>IARC. <em>Monographs evaluation of the carcinogenicity of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and arecoline.</em> 2020. <a href="https://www.iarc.who.int/news-events/iarc-monographs-evaluation-of-the-carcinogenicity-of-acrolein-crotonaldehyde-and-arecoline/">https://www.iarc.who.int/news-events/iarc-monographs-evaluation-of-the-carcinogenicity-of-acrolein-crotonaldehyde-and-arecoline/</a></p></li><li><p>Hecht SS, Seow A, Wang M, v&#224; cs. <em>Elevated levels of mercapturic acids of acrolein and crotonaldehyde in the urine of Chinese women in Singapore who regularly cook at home.</em> PLOS ONE. 2015. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25807518/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25807518/</a></p></li><li><p><em>Relationship between household air pollution and lung cancer in never smokers in high-income countries: a systematic review.</em> BMJ Open. 2025. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40541430/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40541430/</a></p></li><li><p>IARC/WHO. <em>Global Cancer Observatory: Viet Nam fact sheet, GLOBOCAN 2024.</em> July 2026. <a href="https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/704-viet-nam-fact-sheet.pdf">https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/704-viet-nam-fact-sheet.pdf</a></p></li><li><p>WHO &amp; Ministry of Health Viet Nam. <em>National survey on the risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in Viet Nam (STEPS 2021).</em> <a href="https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ncds/ncd-surveillance/data-reporting/viet-nam/viet_nam_step_2021_report.pdf">https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ncds/ncd-surveillance/data-reporting/viet-nam/viet_nam_step_2021_report.pdf</a></p></li><li><p>US EPA. <em>Strategies for Improving Indoor Air Quality While Cooking.</em> 2026. <a href="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/strategies-improving-indoor-air-quality-while-cooking-infographic">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/strategies-improving-indoor-air-quality-while-cooking-infographic</a></p></li><li><p>CDC. <em>Lung Cancer Among People Who Never Smoked.</em> Updated May 12, 2026. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/nonsmokers/index.html">https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/nonsmokers/index.html</a></p></li><li><p>CDC. <em>Symptoms of Lung Cancer.</em> Updated May 12, 2026. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/symptoms/index.html">https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/symptoms/index.html</a></p></li></ol><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t ng&#224;y 30/08/2026. </em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ly trà không cần bỏ. Nhưng thói quen uống quá nóng đáng để xem lại]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng li&#234;n h&#7879; &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng r&#7845;t n&#243;ng v&#7899;i ung th&#432; th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n kh&#225; nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nguy c&#417; c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ly-tra-khong-can-bo-nhung-thoi-quen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ly-tra-khong-can-bo-nhung-thoi-quen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 29 Aug 2026 16:53:37 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/19b40965-00a1-4b03-8260-af0ace9d664f_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cV2J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52561e47-891e-42dc-9d72-72db629aaa7b_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cV2J!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52561e47-891e-42dc-9d72-72db629aaa7b_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cV2J!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52561e47-891e-42dc-9d72-72db629aaa7b_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cV2J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52561e47-891e-42dc-9d72-72db629aaa7b_1672x941.png 1272w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cV2J!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52561e47-891e-42dc-9d72-72db629aaa7b_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cV2J!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52561e47-891e-42dc-9d72-72db629aaa7b_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cV2J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52561e47-891e-42dc-9d72-72db629aaa7b_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cV2J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52561e47-891e-42dc-9d72-72db629aaa7b_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>T&#243;m t&#7855;t:</strong> C&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng quan s&#225;t kh&#225; nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n r&#7857;ng u&#7889;ng &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng r&#7845;t n&#243;ng li&#234;n quan v&#7899;i nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; bi&#7875;u m&#244; v&#7843;y th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n cao h&#417;n. IARC x&#7871;p &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng tr&#234;n 65&#176;C v&#224;o nh&#243;m 2A, nh&#432;ng 65&#176;C kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ranh gi&#7899;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh an to&#224;n.</p><p><br><strong>Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7887; tr&#224;, c&#224; ph&#234; hay m&#243;n canh n&#243;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#7893;i l&#224; th&#243;i quen d&#249;ng khi c&#242;n r&#7845;t n&#243;ng. Nhi&#7873;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quan s&#225;t ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i ung th&#432; bi&#7875;u m&#244; v&#7843;y th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; an to&#224;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i ho&#7863;c nguy c&#417; ri&#234;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t [1][3][4][5].</strong></p><p>&#7902; Vi&#7879;t Nam, &#8220;&#259;n n&#243;ng cho ngon&#8221; g&#7847;n nh&#432; l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7901;i khen. T&#244; h&#7911; ti&#7871;u v&#7915;a b&#432;ng ra nghi ng&#250;t kh&#243;i, n&#7891;i l&#7849;u v&#7851;n s&#244;i gi&#7919;a b&#224;n, &#7845;m tr&#224; m&#7899;i ch&#226;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#243;t ngay khi c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u.</p><h2>IARC th&#7921;c s&#7921; x&#7871;p lo&#7841;i &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</h2><p><strong><a href="https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr244_E.pdf">IARC</a> x&#7871;p h&#224;nh vi u&#7889;ng &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng tr&#234;n 65&#176;C v&#224;o nh&#243;m 2A &#8212; &#8220;nhi&#7873;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng g&#226;y ung th&#432; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i&#8221; &#8212; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t [1]. C&#417; quan n&#224;y kh&#244;ng k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng b&#7843;n th&#226;n tr&#224; l&#224; ch&#7845;t g&#226;y ung th&#432; [1].</strong></p><p>K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n n&#259;m 2016 th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; r&#250;t th&#224;nh &#8220;tr&#224; n&#243;ng g&#226;y ung th&#432;&#8221; [1]. Th&#7921;c ra, &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng r&#7845;t n&#243;ng thu&#7897;c nh&#243;m 2A; c&#224; ph&#234; thu&#7897;c nh&#243;m 3 v&#236; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i; tr&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ri&#234;ng nh&#432; c&#224; ph&#234; [1].</p><p>N&#243;i g&#7885;n: <strong>c&#225;i b&#7883; x&#7871;p lo&#7841;i l&#224; &#273;&#7897; n&#243;ng c&#7911;a n&#243;</strong>. Ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i n&#224;y m&#244; t&#7843; <em>m&#7889;i nguy</em>, kh&#244;ng t&#237;nh x&#225;c su&#7845;t m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i [1].</p><h2>Nhi&#7879;t c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236; v&#7899;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n?</h2><p><strong>Gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t ch&#237;nh l&#224; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao g&#226;y t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng ni&#234;m m&#7841;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n l&#7863;p l&#7841;i. Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh s&#7917;a ch&#7919;a v&#224; t&#259;ng sinh sau &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n cho ung th&#432; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n. C&#417; ch&#7871; n&#224;y h&#7907;p l&#253; v&#7873; sinh h&#7885;c, nh&#432;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#242;n h&#7841;n ch&#7871; [1].</strong></p><p>Th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n l&#224; &#7889;ng c&#417; &#273;&#432;a th&#7913;c &#259;n xu&#7889;ng d&#7841; d&#224;y. Ni&#234;m m&#7841;c c&#7911;a n&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7911; ch&#7911; y&#7871;u b&#7903;i <strong>bi&#7875;u m&#244; v&#7843;y</strong> &#8212; nhi&#7873;u l&#7899;p t&#7871; b&#224;o d&#7865;t gi&#250;p ch&#7883;u ma s&#225;t khi nu&#7889;t [11]. V&#236; v&#7853;y, n&#243;i th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n &#8220;kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#7899;p b&#7843;o v&#7879;&#8221; l&#224; sai gi&#7843;i ph&#7851;u.</p><p><strong>Ung th&#432; bi&#7875;u m&#244; v&#7843;y</strong> ph&#225;t sinh t&#7915; l&#7899;p t&#7871; b&#224;o n&#224;y; <strong>ung th&#432; bi&#7875;u m&#244; tuy&#7871;n</strong> l&#224; th&#7875; m&#244; h&#7885;c c&#242;n l&#7841;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p [11]. T&#237;n hi&#7879;u li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng n&#243;ng nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n h&#417;n &#7903; th&#7875; v&#7843;y [3][5][6].</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I0Oh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbbe1f50-36d2-4e0b-b45f-687c8552b6a1_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2>S&#225;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;ang n&#243;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t chuy&#7879;n kh&#244;ng?</h2><p><strong>Kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n. B&#7889;n ngu&#7891;n quan s&#225;t cho t&#237;n hi&#7879;u kh&#225; nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n: n&#243;ng h&#417;n, d&#249;ng nhanh h&#417;n ho&#7863;c b&#7883; b&#7887;ng mi&#7879;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n h&#417;n &#273;i k&#232;m nguy c&#417; th&#7875; v&#7843;y cao h&#417;n [3][4][5][6]. Hai nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n h&#243;a Mendel h&#7887;i hai c&#226;u kh&#225;c nhau v&#224; cho k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng nh&#7845;t [7][8].</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Golestan &#8212; &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; ti&#7871;n c&#7913;u:</strong> 50.045 ng&#432;&#7901;i, trung v&#7883; 10,1 n&#259;m; u&#7889;ng tr&#224; t&#7915; 60&#176;C c&#243; HR 1,41 so v&#7899;i d&#432;&#7899;i 60&#176;C, KTC 95% t&#7915; 1,10 &#273;&#7871;n 1,81 [3]. Nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o b&#7857;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;&#227; th&#7849;m &#273;&#7883;nh [3].</p></li><li><p><strong>ESCCAPE &#8212; b&#7879;nh&#8211;ch&#7913;ng:</strong> 849 ca v&#224; 906 ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7913;ng t&#7841;i Malawi v&#224; Tanzania, kh&#7843;o s&#225;t tr&#224;, c&#224; ph&#234; v&#224; ch&#225;o n&#243;ng [4]. &#272;i&#7875;m ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m t&#7915; 9 tr&#7903; l&#234;n c&#243; OR 4,6 so v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7875;m 3, KTC 95% t&#7915; 2,1 &#273;&#7871;n 10,0 [4].</p></li><li><p><strong>UK Biobank &#8212; &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; ti&#7871;n c&#7913;u:</strong> 454.796 ng&#432;&#7901;i, trung b&#236;nh 11,6 n&#259;m, ghi nh&#7853;n 242 ca th&#7875; v&#7843;y v&#224; 710 ca th&#7875; tuy&#7871;n [5]. So v&#7899;i nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng u&#7889;ng ho&#7863;c th&#237;ch u&#7889;ng &#7845;m, HR &#7903; nh&#243;m &#8220;r&#7845;t n&#243;ng&#8221; t&#259;ng t&#7915; 2,52 l&#234;n 5,64 theo l&#432;&#7907;ng u&#7889;ng; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y m&#244; h&#236;nh r&#245; v&#7899;i th&#7875; tuy&#7871;n [5].</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p tr&#224; n&#243;ng:</strong> 23 b&#225;o c&#225;o v&#7899;i 5.050 ca b&#7879;nh v&#224; 10.609 ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7913;ng, ghi nh&#7853;n OR 1,79, KTC 95% t&#7915; 1,48 &#273;&#7871;n 2,15 [6].</p></li><li><p><strong>Zhu v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; &#8212; ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n h&#243;a Mendel:</strong> d&#249;ng s&#7903; th&#237;ch nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; t&#7921; khai v&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#236;m th&#7845;y b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng nh&#226;n qu&#7843;; k&#7871;t c&#7909;c kh&#244;ng t&#225;ch hai th&#7875; ung th&#432; [7].</p></li><li><p><strong>Carter v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; &#8212; ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n h&#243;a Mendel:</strong> d&#249;ng khuynh h&#432;&#7899;ng di truy&#7873;n li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#224; ph&#234;; OR ung th&#432; th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n l&#224; 2,79 cho m&#7895;i m&#7913;c t&#259;ng 50% l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#224; ph&#234; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n b&#7857;ng di truy&#7873;n [8].</p></li></ul><p>&#272;&#226;y &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i, kh&#244;ng cho bi&#7871;t tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t c&#243; c&#249;ng th&#243;i quen s&#7869; m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh.</p><h2>D&#432;&#7899;i 65&#176;C c&#243; th&#7875; xem l&#224; an to&#224;n kh&#244;ng?</h2><p><strong>Ch&#432;a th&#7875;. IARC d&#249;ng tr&#234;n 65&#176;C &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i &#8220;r&#7845;t n&#243;ng&#8221;, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng bi&#234;n sinh h&#7885;c b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m ph&#237;a d&#432;&#7899;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; nguy c&#417; [1]. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Anh &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253; v&#236; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u v&#7851;n xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong m&#7897;t qu&#7847;n th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng tr&#224; v&#224; c&#224; ph&#234; d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7889;c n&#224;y [5].</strong></p><p>UK Biobank ch&#7881; h&#7887;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia th&#237;ch &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng &#8220;&#7845;m&#8221;, &#8220;n&#243;ng&#8221; hay &#8220;r&#7845;t n&#243;ng&#8221;, kh&#244;ng &#273;o t&#7915;ng c&#7889;c [5]. C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#432;&#7899;c t&#7841;i Anh ghi nh&#7853;n nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng kho&#7843;ng 54&#8211;62&#176;C [5].</p><p>Trong nh&#243;m 192.249 ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; nh&#7853;t k&#253; &#259;n u&#7889;ng 24 gi&#7901;, kho&#7843;ng 90% ng&#432;&#7901;i u&#7889;ng tr&#224; &#273;en cho th&#234;m s&#7919;a [5]. T&#237;n hi&#7879;u v&#7851;n xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n, nh&#432;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng x&#225;c l&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng m&#7899;i [5].</p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; ch&#7895; t&#244;i s&#7917;a c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh: d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7889;c ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh an to&#224;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5lau!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F312ff7cf-9dda-4075-8ebe-7cfad7fda922_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2>V&#7853;y ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t n&#234;n thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</h2><p><strong>GLOBOCAN 2024 &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#243; 6.792 ca m&#7899;i v&#224; 6.467 ca t&#7917; vong do ung th&#432; th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n trong n&#259;m [9]. Nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng cho bi&#7871;t bao nhi&#234;u ca li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i &#273;&#7891; &#259;n, th&#7913;c u&#7889;ng n&#243;ng; ch&#250;ng ch&#7881; cho th&#7845;y &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#259;n b&#7879;nh xa l&#7841; v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t [9].</strong></p><p>&#7902; ch&#226;u &#193;, ung th&#432; bi&#7875;u m&#244; v&#7843;y ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n h&#417;n th&#7875; tuy&#7871;n [7]. &#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; l&#224;m t&#237;n hi&#7879;u v&#7873; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#225;ng quan t&#226;m v&#7899;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong n&#432;&#7899;c [7]. Trong ph&#7841;m vi ngu&#7891;n &#273;&#227; r&#224; so&#225;t, t&#244;i ch&#432;a th&#7845;y &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#7915;a &#273;o nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng v&#7915;a theo d&#245;i ung th&#432; th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u nh&#432; v&#7853;y ch&#432;a t&#7891;n t&#7841;i.</p><ul><li><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7887; tr&#224; ho&#7863;c c&#224; ph&#234; [1].</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#7875; m&#243;n v&#7915;a l&#7845;y kh&#7887;i b&#7871;p ngu&#7897;i b&#7899;t; tr&#225;nh d&#249;ng khi c&#242;n g&#226;y b&#7887;ng mi&#7879;ng [1][4].</p></li><li><p>Kh&#244;ng l&#7845;y &#8220;ch&#7901; &#273;&#250;ng b&#7889;n ph&#250;t&#8221; l&#224;m chu&#7849;n an to&#224;n; &#273;&#243; ch&#7881; l&#224; nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u trong m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7841;i Iran [2].</p></li><li><p>Mu&#7889;n bi&#7871;t ch&#237;nh x&#225;c nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897;, c&#7847;n d&#249;ng nhi&#7879;t k&#7871; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m [1][5][7].</p></li></ul><h3>Khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n &#273;i kh&#225;m?</h3><p><strong>N&#7871;u c&#243; kh&#243; ho&#7863;c &#273;au khi nu&#7889;t, s&#7909;t c&#226;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7911; &#253;, &#273;au sau x&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;c, kh&#224;n ti&#7871;ng ho&#7863;c ho, h&#227;y trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i b&#225;c s&#297; [10]. C&#225;c tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng n&#224;y c&#243; nhi&#7873;u nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7893;i nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; th&#7913;c &#259;n r&#7891;i ch&#7901; xem [10].</strong></p><p>T&#244; h&#7911; ti&#7871;u v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7889;c kh&#243;i, n&#7891;i l&#7849;u v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#244;i v&#224; &#7845;m tr&#224; v&#7851;n n&#7857;m gi&#7919;a c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n. T&#244;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7887; ch&#250;ng; t&#244;i ch&#7881; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n xem ng&#7909;m &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224; cu&#7897;c &#273;ua ph&#7843;i th&#7855;ng.</p><p><strong>C&#242;n b&#7841;n, m&#243;n n&#224;o tr&#234;n b&#224;n &#259;n &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; ngu&#7897;i th&#234;m m&#7897;t ch&#250;t? B&#224;i sau, t&#244;i s&#7869; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch v&#236; sao &#8220;nhi&#7873;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng g&#226;y ung th&#432;&#8221; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i &#8220;&#273;&#227; ch&#7913;ng minh g&#226;y ung th&#432;&#8221;.</strong></p><h2>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7887;i g&#236;?</h2><h3>C&#243; c&#7847;n b&#7887; h&#7859;n tr&#224; ho&#7863;c c&#224; ph&#234; kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>Kh&#244;ng. IARC ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i h&#224;nh vi u&#7889;ng &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng r&#7845;t n&#243;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i b&#7843;n th&#226;n tr&#224; l&#224; ch&#7845;t g&#226;y ung th&#432; [1]. C&#224; ph&#234; thu&#7897;c nh&#243;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i [1]. C&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7919; th&#7913;c u&#7889;ng quen thu&#7897;c nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; ngu&#7897;i b&#7899;t tr&#432;&#7899;c khi d&#249;ng [1].</p><h3>&#258;n l&#7849;u ho&#7863;c canh n&#243;ng c&#243; gi&#7889;ng u&#7889;ng tr&#224; n&#243;ng kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>ESCCAPE kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#7843; ch&#225;o n&#243;ng v&#224; ghi nh&#7853;n nguy c&#417; t&#259;ng theo &#273;i&#7875;m ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m nhi&#7879;t t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p [4]. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y khi&#7871;n nhi&#7879;t t&#7915; th&#7913;c &#259;n c&#361;ng &#273;&#225;ng l&#432;u &#253;, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh m&#7897;t t&#244; canh hay n&#7891;i l&#7849;u Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#243; m&#7913;c nguy c&#417; b&#7857;ng &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng r&#7845;t n&#243;ng [4].</p><h3>Tr&#224; xanh c&#243; an to&#224;n h&#417;n tr&#224; &#273;en khi u&#7889;ng n&#243;ng kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>Ch&#432;a th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; tr&#224; n&#243;ng n&#243;i chung, kh&#244;ng so s&#225;nh tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7911; ch&#7855;c gi&#7919;a tr&#224; xanh v&#224; tr&#224; &#273;en [6]. IARC c&#361;ng ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i theo nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng, kh&#244;ng x&#7871;p ri&#234;ng t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i tr&#224; [1].</p><h3>&#272;&#227; u&#7889;ng n&#243;ng nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m th&#236; thay &#273;&#7893;i b&#226;y gi&#7901; c&#242;n &#237;ch kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>C&#225;c &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; kh&#244;ng &#273;o m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; sau khi m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7893;i th&#243;i quen [3][5]. V&#236; v&#7853;y ch&#432;a th&#7875; n&#243;i nguy c&#417; gi&#7843;m bao nhi&#234;u ho&#7863;c sau bao l&#226;u [3][5]. &#272;&#7875; ngu&#7897;i b&#7899;t v&#7851;n l&#224; c&#225;ch gi&#7843;m ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m nhi&#7879;t t&#7915; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i.</p><h2>Ch&#250; th&#237;ch thu&#7853;t ng&#7919;</h2><ul><li><p><strong>IARC:</strong> C&#417; quan Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Ung th&#432; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871;, thu&#7897;c T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Y t&#7871; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>HR:</strong> t&#7881; s&#7889; so s&#225;nh t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n bi&#7871;n c&#7889; gi&#7919;a hai nh&#243;m theo th&#7901;i gian.</p></li><li><p><strong>OR:</strong> t&#7881; s&#7889; ch&#234;nh m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh gi&#7919;a hai nh&#243;m; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nguy c&#417; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>KTC:</strong> kho&#7843;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7897; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh.</p></li><li><p><strong>MR:</strong> ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n h&#243;a Mendel, d&#249;ng bi&#7871;n th&#7875; di truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; kh&#7843;o s&#225;t quan h&#7879; nh&#226;n qu&#7843;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>V&#7873; t&#225;c gi&#7843;:</strong> B&#225;c S&#297; &#272;a Khoa, Hyden Nguy&#7877;n vi&#7871;t v&#7873; y h&#7885;c ch&#7913;ng c&#7913;, dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng, n&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p v&#224; c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;. N&#7897;i dung y khoa tr&#234;n website nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; c&#244;ng b&#7889; v&#224; kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; t&#432; v&#7845;n y t&#7871; c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><h2>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</h2><p>[1] IARC. <em>IARC Monographs Volume 116: Drinking Coffee, Mat&#233;, and Very Hot Beverages</em>. 2016/2018. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543943/">Chuy&#234;n kh&#7843;o</a> &#183; <a href="https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr244_E.pdf">Th&#244;ng c&#225;o k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n</a>.</p><p>[2] Islami F. v&#224; cs. Tea drinking habits and oesophageal cancer in a high risk area in northern Iran: population based case-control study. <em>BMJ</em>. 2009;338. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b929">DOI</a>.</p><p>[3] Islami F. v&#224; cs. A prospective study of tea drinking temperature and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. <em>International Journal of Cancer</em>. 2020;146(1):18&#8211;25. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32220">DOI</a>.</p><p>[4] Masukume G. v&#224; cs. A very-hot food and beverage thermal exposure index and esophageal cancer risk in Malawi and Tanzania. <em>British Journal of Cancer</em>. 2022;127:1106&#8211;1115. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-022-01890-8">B&#224;i g&#7889;c</a>.</p><p>[5] Inoue-Choi M. v&#224; cs. Hot beverage intake and oesophageal cancer in the UK Biobank: prospective cohort study. <em>British Journal of Cancer</em>. 2025;132:652&#8211;659. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-025-02953-2">B&#224;i g&#7889;c</a>.</p><p>[6] Luo H, Ge H. Hot Tea Consumption and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. <em>Frontiers in Nutrition</em>. 2022;9:831567. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.831567">DOI</a>.</p><p>[7] Zhu M. v&#224; cs. The causal effect of hot beverage temperature preference on esophageal cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study. <em>Journal of Thoracic Disease</em>. 2024;16(8):4852&#8211;4862. <a href="https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/88601/html">B&#224;i g&#7889;c</a>.</p><p>[8] Carter P. v&#224; cs. Coffee consumption and cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study. <em>Clinical Nutrition</em>. 2022;41(10):2113&#8211;2123. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36067583/">PubMed</a> &#183; <a href="https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/337657308/PIIS0261561422003132.pdf">To&#224;n v&#259;n</a>.</p><p>[9] IARC Global Cancer Observatory. <em>Viet Nam fact sheet, GLOBOCAN 2024 estimates</em>. B&#7843;n ph&#225;t h&#224;nh th&#225;ng 7/2026. <a href="https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/704-viet-nam-fact-sheet.pdf">PDF</a>.</p><p>[10] National Cancer Institute. <em>Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer</em>. C&#7853;p nh&#7853;t ng&#224;y 12/5/2025. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/symptoms">Trang th&#244;ng tin</a>.</p><p>[11] National Cancer Institute. <em>Esophageal Cancer</em>. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/pediatric-adult-rare-tumor/rare-tumors/rare-digestive-system-tumors/esophageal">T&#7893;ng quan hai th&#7875; ung th&#432; v&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; nguy c&#417;</a>.</p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Thời gian ngoài trời có giúp phòng cận thị ở trẻ em không?]]></title><description><![CDATA[T&#259;ng th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7853;n th&#7883;. Nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a c&#243; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng &#225;nh s&#225;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng cho m&#7885;i tr&#7867;, v&#224; &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#225;ch &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; thay th&#7871; cho vi&#7879;c kh&#225;m m&#7855;t.]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ra-ngoai-troi-co-giam-can-thi-khong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/ra-ngoai-troi-co-giam-can-thi-khong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:39:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg" width="1402" height="1122" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BwK5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61dfa158-f8f9-4c6d-950d-39912dd965c7_1402x1122.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ng&#7855;n:</strong> C&#243;. B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng t&#7915; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u can thi&#7879;p t&#7841;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c cho th&#7845;y t&#259;ng th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m s&#7889; tr&#7867; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7883; c&#7853;n. L&#7907;i &#237;ch &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; c&#7853;n ch&#432;a &#273;&#7891;ng nh&#7845;t. Ch&#432;a c&#243; c&#417; s&#7903; &#273;&#7875; coi dopamine v&#245;ng m&#7841;c hay m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng lux c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; l&#7901;i gi&#7843;i ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n, v&#224; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; vi&#7879;c ki&#7875;m tra th&#7883; l&#7921;c.</p></blockquote><p>Bu&#7893;i chi&#7873;u, nhi&#7873;u gia &#273;&#236;nh c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u nh&#7855;c quen thu&#7897;c: &#8220;B&#7887; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i xu&#7889;ng.&#8221;</p><p>L&#7901;i nh&#7855;c &#7845;y kh&#244;ng v&#244; l&#253;. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u chi&#7871;c &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;t &#273;i m&#224; &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; v&#7851;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#7885;c, h&#7885;c ho&#7863;c ch&#417;i trong nh&#224;, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#227; b&#7887; s&#243;t m&#7897;t bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p ph&#242;ng c&#7853;n th&#7883; c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p h&#417;n: <strong>cho tr&#7867; d&#224;nh th&#234;m th&#7901;i gian &#7903; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i</strong>.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a m&#224;n h&#236;nh l&#224; v&#244; can, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a ch&#7881; c&#7847;n ra s&#226;n l&#224; m&#7855;t s&#7869; kh&#244;ng t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897;. B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng hi&#7879;n nay tinh t&#7871; h&#417;n th&#7871;.</p><div><hr></div><h2>&#272;i&#7873;u ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n nh&#7845;t: ra ngo&#224;i nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m c&#7853;n th&#7883; m&#7899;i</h2><p>Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#243; s&#7913;c thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c nh&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n 1.903 h&#7885;c sinh l&#7899;p 1 t&#7841;i 12 tr&#432;&#7901;ng ti&#7875;u h&#7885;c &#7903; Qu&#7843;ng Ch&#226;u, Trung Qu&#7889;c. S&#225;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7893; sung m&#7897;t ti&#7871;t ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i 40 ph&#250;t v&#224;o m&#7895;i ng&#224;y h&#7885;c; s&#225;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#242;n l&#7841;i duy tr&#236; l&#7883;ch sinh ho&#7841;t th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng.[1]</p><p>Sau ba n&#259;m, t&#7927; l&#7879; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7853;n th&#7883; l&#224;:</p><ul><li><p><strong>30,4%</strong> &#7903; nh&#243;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#259;ng th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i;</p></li><li><p><strong>39,5%</strong> &#7903; nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7913;ng.</p></li></ul><p>Ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i l&#224; <strong>9,1 &#273;i&#7875;m ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m</strong>; kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y 95% t&#7915; 4,1 &#273;&#7871;n 14,1 &#273;i&#7875;m ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m. N&#243;i theo c&#225;ch d&#7877; h&#236;nh dung, trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh c&#7911;a nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y, c&#7913; 100 tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh th&#236; c&#243; kho&#7843;ng 9 tr&#7867; &#237;t b&#7883; c&#7853;n m&#7899;i h&#417;n sau ba n&#259;m. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i kho&#7843;ng 23%, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7843;o v&#7879; ho&#224;n to&#224;n.</p><p>M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u can thi&#7879;p tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; t&#7841;i hai tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#7903; mi&#7873;n nam &#272;&#224;i Loan c&#361;ng ghi nh&#7853;n t&#7927; l&#7879; c&#7853;n m&#7899;i sau m&#7897;t n&#259;m th&#7845;p h&#417;n &#7903; tr&#432;&#7901;ng y&#234;u c&#7847;u h&#7885;c sinh ra ngo&#224;i trong gi&#7901; ngh&#7881;: 8,41% so v&#7899;i 17,65%.[2] K&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;, nh&#432;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y ch&#7881; c&#243; hai tr&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#226;n nh&#243;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, n&#234;n s&#7913;c n&#7863;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng th&#7845;p h&#417;n th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Qu&#7843;ng Ch&#226;u.</p><p>M&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m theo c&#7909;m kh&#225;c t&#7841;i &#272;&#224;i Loan n&#259;m 2018 ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c ghi nh&#7853;n nh&#243;m tham gia ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#259;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#243; m&#7913;c d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n kh&#250;c x&#7841; v&#7873; ph&#237;a c&#7853;n v&#224; m&#7913;c k&#233;o d&#224;i tr&#7909;c nh&#227;n c&#7847;u th&#7845;p h&#417;n sau m&#7897;t n&#259;m.[3]</p><p>&#272;i&#7875;m chung c&#7911;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; &#8220;m&#7903; c&#7917;a l&#7899;p&#8221; hay &#8220;b&#7853;t &#273;&#232;n s&#225;ng h&#417;n&#8221;. Tr&#7867; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c &#273;&#7875; <strong>&#7903; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i l&#226;u h&#417;n</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><h2>V&#236; sao ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; m&#7855;t?</h2><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i trung th&#7921;c l&#224;: <strong>ch&#250;ng ta ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;</strong>.</p><p>M&#7897;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u nhi&#7873;u cho r&#7857;ng &#225;nh s&#225;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#245;ng m&#7841;c gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng dopamine, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; g&#243;p ph&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a nh&#227;n c&#7847;u. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng c&#417; ch&#7871; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; th&#237; nghi&#7879;m tr&#234;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n v&#224; ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh r&#7857;ng tr&#7867; &#7903; trong nh&#224; s&#7869; &#8220;m&#7845;t phanh dopamine&#8221;.[4]</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#243; th&#7875; n&#243;i th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng b&#7843;o v&#7879; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#7903; tr&#7867; em. Nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a n&#234;n k&#7875; c&#417; ch&#7871; dopamine nh&#432; m&#7897;t s&#7921; th&#7853;t &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7889;t.</p><div><hr></div><h2>C&#243; ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; c&#7847;n 1.000 lux ho&#7863;c ng&#7891;i d&#432;&#7899;i hi&#234;n l&#224; &#273;&#7911;?</h2><p>Ch&#432;a th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n nh&#432; v&#7853;y.</p><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#272;&#224;i Loan n&#259;m 2018 c&#243; &#273;o c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; &#225;nh s&#225;ng v&#224;, trong m&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7853;u nghi&#7879;m, nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng tr&#7867; c&#243; &#237;t nh&#7845;t 200 ph&#250;t ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i t&#7841;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7841;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7889;t h&#417;n khi ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i m&#7913;c s&#225;ng t&#7915; 1.000 lux tr&#7903; l&#234;n.[3] Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#7857;m trong m&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh g&#7891;m nhi&#7873;u th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n, g&#7855;n &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i <strong>c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; &#225;nh s&#225;ng v&#7899;i th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng &#7903; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i</strong>.</p><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#244;ng thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p 1.000 lux l&#224; &#8220;li&#7873;u t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u&#8221; b&#7843;o v&#7879; m&#7885;i &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;. N&#243; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng so s&#225;nh tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p s&#225;ng s&#7899;m, gi&#7919;a tr&#432;a v&#224; chi&#7873;u mu&#7897;n.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; n&#243;i th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n l&#224;: tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7913;ng d&#432;&#7899;i n&#7855;ng g&#7855;t &#273;&#7875; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#243; &#237;ch. S&#226;n c&#243; b&#243;ng c&#226;y, khu vui ch&#417;i c&#243; m&#225;i che m&#7903; ho&#7863;c h&#224;nh lang tho&#225;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t con s&#7889; lux th&#224;nh c&#244;ng th&#7913;c ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; c&#7853;n r&#7891;i th&#236; ra ngo&#224;i c&#242;n t&#225;c d&#7909;ng kh&#244;ng?</h2><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7847;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7891;ng nh&#7845;t.</p><p>Trong th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Qu&#7843;ng Ch&#226;u, nh&#243;m t&#259;ng th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#243; &#237;t ca c&#7853;n m&#7899;i h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#7873; m&#7913;c k&#233;o d&#224;i tr&#7909;c nh&#227;n c&#7847;u gi&#7919;a hai nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234;.[1] Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#272;&#224;i Loan n&#259;m 2018 ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7913;c thay &#273;&#7893;i kh&#250;c x&#7841; v&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i tr&#7909;c nh&#227;n c&#7847;u th&#7845;p h&#417;n &#7903; c&#7843; tr&#7867; ch&#432;a c&#7853;n l&#7851;n tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; c&#7853;n.[3]</p><p>Do &#273;&#243;, k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n ch&#7855;c nh&#7845;t v&#7851;n l&#224;: <strong>th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#243; vai tr&#242; r&#245; h&#417;n trong vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7853;n th&#7883;</strong>. V&#7899;i tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; c&#7853;n, ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i v&#7851;n l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#243;i quen t&#7889;t, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u nh&#432; c&#225;ch l&#224;m gi&#7843;m &#273;&#7897; ho&#7863;c thay th&#7871; theo d&#245;i chuy&#234;n m&#244;n.</p><p>B&#224;i n&#224;y v&#236; th&#7871; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;a ra khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o v&#7873; c&#225;c bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p ki&#7875;m so&#225;t c&#7853;n th&#7883; d&#224;nh cho t&#7915;ng tr&#7867;. Nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#243; n&#7857;m ngo&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p v&#7873; th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i.</p><div><hr></div><h2>V&#7853;y m&#224;n h&#236;nh c&#243; ph&#7843;i th&#7911; ph&#7841;m kh&#244;ng?</h2><p>Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n n&#243;i m&#224;n h&#236;nh l&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n duy nh&#7845;t; c&#361;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; c&#417; s&#7903; &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i m&#224;n h&#236;nh ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#244; can.</p><p>M&#7897;t t&#7893;ng quan h&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#259;m 2025 g&#7891;m 45 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#224; 335.524 ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia ghi nh&#7853;n th&#7901;i gian d&#249;ng m&#224;n h&#236;nh d&#224;i h&#417;n <strong>c&#243; li&#234;n quan</strong> &#273;&#7871;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7853;n th&#7883; cao h&#417;n.[5] Tuy nhi&#234;n, nh&#243;m t&#225;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n chung c&#7911;a b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng l&#224; th&#7845;p, &#273;&#7897; d&#7883; h&#7907;p gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u r&#7845;t cao, v&#224; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#224; c&#7855;t ngang &#8212; ngh&#297;a l&#224; ch&#250;ng cho th&#7845;y m&#7889;i li&#234;n quan ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh quan h&#7879; nh&#226;n qu&#7843;.</p><p>M&#224;n h&#236;nh c&#242;n &#273;i c&#249;ng nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#243; t&#225;ch ri&#234;ng: nh&#236;n g&#7847;n, &#237;t ngh&#7881; m&#7855;t, h&#7885;c l&#226;u trong nh&#224; v&#224; gi&#7843;m th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#8220;t&#7883;ch thu iPad l&#224; h&#7871;t c&#7853;n&#8221; l&#224; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n qu&#225; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n. M&#7897;t c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n h&#7907;p l&#253; h&#417;n l&#224; gi&#7843;m nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;ng d&#249;ng m&#224;n h&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t <strong>&#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i</strong> t&#7841;o th&#234;m th&#7901;i gian &#7903; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Ph&#7909; huynh c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236; t&#7915; h&#244;m nay?</h2><p>Khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o &#237;t g&#226;y tranh c&#227;i nh&#7845;t l&#224; bi&#7871;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n trong ng&#224;y c&#7911;a tr&#7867;.</p><p>T&#243;m t&#7855;t l&#226;m s&#224;ng c&#7911;a International Myopia Institute &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t h&#7885;c sinh d&#224;nh kho&#7843;ng <strong>80&#8211;120 ph&#250;t ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i m&#7895;i ng&#224;y</strong>, d&#7921;a tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u qu&#7847;n th&#7875; v&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u can thi&#7879;p.[6] &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u th&#7921;c h&#224;nh, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7905;ng b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m r&#7857;ng d&#432;&#7899;i 80 ph&#250;t s&#7869; b&#7883; c&#7853;n ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7911; 120 ph&#250;t s&#7869; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; c&#7853;n.</p><p>Gia &#273;&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n:</p><ul><li><p>d&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n gi&#7901; ch&#417;i, &#273;i b&#7897; ho&#7863;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#7903; kh&#244;ng gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i an to&#224;n;</p></li><li><p>&#432;u ti&#234;n b&#243;ng r&#226;m v&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t, thay v&#236; c&#7889; ph&#417;i tr&#7867; d&#432;&#7899;i n&#7855;ng g&#7855;t;</p></li><li><p>xem th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p ph&#242;ng ng&#7915;a, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#225;ch &#8220;th&#225;o k&#237;nh&#8221;;</p></li><li><p>ki&#7875;m tra th&#7883; l&#7921;c khi tr&#7867; nh&#236;n b&#7843;ng kh&#243;, hay nheo m&#7855;t, than m&#7901; ho&#7863;c khi k&#7871;t qu&#7843; s&#224;ng l&#7885;c &#7903; tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng.</p></li></ul><p>C&#7853;n th&#7883;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi &#273;&#7897; c&#7853;n cao, li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n nguy c&#417; cao h&#417;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t s&#7889; bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; v&#245;ng m&#7841;c, ho&#224;ng &#273;i&#7875;m, &#273;&#7909;c th&#7911;y tinh th&#7875; v&#224; gl&#244;c&#244;m v&#7873; sau.[7] K&#237;nh gi&#250;p &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh th&#7883; l&#7921;c; vi&#7879;c h&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#7853;n ti&#7871;n tri&#7875;n nh&#7857;m gi&#7843;m g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng l&#226;u d&#224;i, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; m&#7885;i tr&#7867; c&#7853;n &#273;&#7873;u s&#7869; g&#7863;p bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng</h2><p>Nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; trong b&#224;i c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7885;c trong &#273;&#250;ng b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh:</p><ul><li><p>th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m Qu&#7843;ng Ch&#226;u th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n h&#7885;c sinh l&#7899;p 1 t&#7841;i 12 tr&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c cho k&#7871;t qu&#7843; gi&#7889;ng h&#7879;t &#7903; m&#7885;i &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i ho&#7863;c qu&#7889;c gia;</p></li><li><p>nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#272;&#224;i Loan n&#259;m 2013 ch&#7881; g&#7891;m hai tr&#432;&#7901;ng, th&#7901;i gian theo d&#245;i m&#7897;t n&#259;m v&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#226;n nh&#243;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n;</p></li><li><p>th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m n&#259;m 2018 c&#243; t&#225;m tr&#432;&#7901;ng r&#250;t tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tuy&#7875;n tr&#7867;, ch&#7881; theo d&#245;i m&#7897;t n&#259;m v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh nhi&#7873;u th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n;</p></li><li><p>ch&#432;a x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng lux, th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m trong ng&#224;y ho&#7863;c &#8220;li&#7873;u&#8221; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i t&#7889;i &#432;u cho m&#7885;i tr&#7867;;</p></li><li><p>b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224;m ch&#7853;m ti&#7871;n tri&#7875;n &#7903; tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; c&#7853;n ch&#432;a &#273;&#7891;ng nh&#7845;t;</p></li><li><p>m&#7889;i li&#234;n quan gi&#7919;a m&#224;n h&#236;nh v&#224; c&#7853;n th&#7883; ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh m&#224;n h&#236;nh l&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p.</p></li></ul><p>&#272;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n kh&#237; h&#7853;u, tia UV, l&#7883;ch h&#7885;c v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7893; ch&#7913;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#361;ng kh&#225;c c&#225;c &#273;&#7883;a &#273;i&#7875;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u. V&#236; th&#7871;, n&#234;n &#225;p d&#7909;ng nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c chung m&#7897;t c&#225;ch linh ho&#7841;t, thay v&#236; sao ch&#233;p c&#7913;ng m&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh.</p><div><hr></div><h2>C&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</h2><h3>Th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i c&#243; ng&#259;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7885;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#7853;n th&#7883; kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>Kh&#244;ng. C&#7853;n th&#7883; ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889;, g&#7891;m di truy&#7873;n v&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng. T&#259;ng th&#7901;i gian ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i l&#224;m gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; trung b&#236;nh &#7903; c&#7845;p &#273;&#7897; nh&#243;m, kh&#244;ng b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m t&#7915;ng tr&#7867; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; c&#7853;n.</p><h3>Tr&#7867; n&#234;n &#7903; ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i bao l&#226;u m&#7895;i ng&#224;y?</h3><p>Ch&#432;a c&#243; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i. International Myopia Institute &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t kho&#7843;ng 80&#8211;120 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y; m&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m l&#7899;n ghi nh&#7853;n l&#7907;i &#237;ch khi tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7893; sung 40 ph&#250;t ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i m&#7895;i ng&#224;y h&#7885;c.[1,6]</p><h3>Ch&#417;i d&#432;&#7899;i b&#243;ng r&#226;m c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>Ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho th&#7845;y n&#7855;ng m&#7841;nh c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh b&#243;ng r&#226;m hay m&#7897;t m&#7913;c lux c&#7909; th&#7875; s&#7869; b&#7843;o v&#7879; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n cho m&#7885;i tr&#7867;.[3]</p><h3>Tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; c&#7853;n c&#243; n&#234;n ra ngo&#224;i nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>C&#243; th&#7875; duy tr&#236; nh&#432; m&#7897;t th&#243;i quen t&#7889;t cho s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e, nh&#432;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; l&#224;m ch&#7853;m c&#7853;n &#7903; tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; c&#7853;n ch&#432;a th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t. Ra ngo&#224;i kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; ki&#7875;m tra m&#7855;t ho&#7863;c k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch theo d&#245;i ri&#234;ng.</p><h3>Gi&#7843;m m&#224;n h&#236;nh c&#243; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; ph&#242;ng c&#7853;n th&#7883; kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>Ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng r&#7857;ng ch&#7881; gi&#7843;m m&#224;n h&#236;nh l&#224; &#273;&#7911;. Th&#7901;i gian m&#224;n h&#236;nh c&#243; li&#234;n quan v&#7899;i c&#7853;n th&#7883;, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n c&#7911;a b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng c&#242;n th&#7845;p v&#224; nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#273;i k&#232;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#225;ch r&#245;.[5]</p><div><hr></div><p>Chi&#7873;u nay, c&#243; l&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n bi&#7871;n chi&#7871;c &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i c&#226;u &#8220;b&#7887; m&#224;n h&#236;nh xu&#7889;ng&#8221;, ta c&#243; th&#7875; th&#234;m m&#7897;t l&#7901;i m&#7901;i d&#7877; ch&#7883;u h&#417;n:</p><p><strong>&#8220;Ra ngo&#224;i ch&#417;i m&#7897;t l&#250;c nh&#233; con.&#8221;</strong></p><div><hr></div><h2>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</h2><ol><li><p>He M, Xiang F, Zeng Y, et al. Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical trial. <em>JAMA</em>. 2015;314(11):1142&#8211;1148. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.10803">10.1001/jama.2015.10803</a></p></li><li><p>Wu PC, Tsai CL, Wu HL, Yang YH, Kuo HK. Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 2013;120(5):1080&#8211;1085. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.009">10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.009</a></p></li><li><p>Wu PC, Chen CT, Lin KK, et al. Myopia prevention and outdoor light intensity in a school-based cluster randomized trial. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 2018;125(8):1239&#8211;1250. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.12.011">10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.12.011</a></p></li><li><p>French AN, Ashby RS, Morgan IG, Rose KA. Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia. <em>Experimental Eye Research</em>. 2013;114:58&#8211;68. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.04.018">10.1016/j.exer.2013.04.018</a></p></li><li><p>Ha A, Lee YJ, Lee M, Shim SR, Kim YK. Digital screen time and myopia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. <em>JAMA Network Open</em>. 2025;8(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60026">10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60026</a></p></li><li><p>Jonas JB, Ang M, Cho P, et al. IMI prevention of myopia and its progression. <em>Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science</em>. 2021;62(5):6. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.5.6">10.1167/iovs.62.5.6</a></p></li><li><p>Haarman AEG, Enthoven CA, Tideman JWL, Tedja MS, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. The complications of myopia: a review and meta-analysis. <em>Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science</em>. 2020;61(4):49. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.4.49">10.1167/iovs.61.4.49</a></p></li></ol><blockquote><p><strong>L&#432;u &#253;:</strong> B&#224;i vi&#7871;t cung c&#7845;p th&#244;ng tin s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e d&#7921;a tr&#234;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng, kh&#244;ng ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n ho&#7863;c thay th&#7871; t&#432; v&#7845;n d&#224;nh cho t&#7915;ng tr&#7867;.</p></blockquote>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[H. pylori, dùng đũa chung và ung thư dạ dày: Bằng chứng thực sự nói gì?]]></title><description><![CDATA[H. pylori l&#224; t&#225;c nh&#226;n g&#226;y ung th&#432; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#361;a d&#249;ng chung ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#226;y ch&#237;nh. &#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n l&#224; x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#250;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#250;ng ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; v&#224; ki&#7875;m tra sau &#273;i]]></description><link>https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/vi-khuan-hp-ung-thu-da-day</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.hydennguyen.com/p/vi-khuan-hp-ung-thu-da-day</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hyden]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 07:55:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhhH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F156cb838-af9e-4a54-a4b0-1b6d4d04758e_1536x1024.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhhH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F156cb838-af9e-4a54-a4b0-1b6d4d04758e_1536x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QhhH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F156cb838-af9e-4a54-a4b0-1b6d4d04758e_1536x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><blockquote><p><strong>Tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ng&#7855;n:</strong> H. pylori th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#226;y gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng g&#7847;n nhau, nh&#7845;t l&#224; trong gia &#273;&#236;nh, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a th&#7875; quy &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#226;y ch&#7911; y&#7871;u cho &#273;&#361;a d&#249;ng chung. Di&#7879;t khu&#7849;n l&#224;m gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; m&#7855;c v&#224; t&#7917; vong do ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y, song kh&#244;ng lo&#7841;i b&#7887; ho&#224;n to&#224;n nguy c&#417;. Kh&#244;ng t&#7921; mua kh&#225;ng sinh; vi&#7879;c x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m, &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; v&#224; theo d&#245;i n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;c s&#297; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n.</p></blockquote><p>M&#226;m c&#417;m Vi&#7879;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;&#297;a th&#7913;c &#259;n &#7903; gi&#7919;a, m&#7897;t ch&#233;n n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7845;m chung v&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#244;i &#273;&#361;a v&#7915;a d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; &#259;n v&#7915;a d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; g&#7855;p. B&#224; g&#7855;p cho ch&#225;u, cha m&#7865; m&#7899;m cho con, ch&#7911; nh&#224; g&#7855;p cho kh&#225;ch &#8212; t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; s&#7921; quan t&#226;m.</p><p>Khi nghe r&#7857;ng <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> c&#243; th&#7875; l&#226;y trong gia &#273;&#236;nh v&#224; l&#224;m t&#259;ng nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7853;p t&#7913;c nh&#236;n m&#226;m c&#417;m &#7845;y b&#7857;ng s&#7921; lo l&#7855;ng. Nh&#432;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7847;n tr&#7843; l&#7901;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; &#8220;&#273;&#361;a chung c&#243; &#273;&#225;ng s&#7907; kh&#244;ng?&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224;: <strong>&#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh, &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; m&#7899;i ch&#7881; l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng, v&#224; ch&#250;ng ta n&#234;n l&#224;m g&#236; cho h&#7907;p l&#253;?</strong></p><h2>H. pylori l&#224; g&#236;, v&#224; v&#236; sao li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y?</h2><p>H. pylori l&#224; vi khu&#7849;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7889;ng l&#226;u d&#224;i trong ni&#234;m m&#7841;c d&#7841; d&#224;y. N&#259;m 1994, C&#417; quan Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Ung th&#432; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IARC, thu&#7897;c WHO) x&#7871;p nhi&#7877;m H. pylori v&#224;o <strong>Nh&#243;m 1 &#8212; t&#225;c nh&#226;n g&#226;y ung th&#432; &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong>.[1]</p><p>&#8220;Nh&#243;m 1&#8221; c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng v&#7873; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng g&#226;y ung th&#432; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7911; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n. N&#243; <strong>kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a</strong> H. pylori nguy hi&#7875;m ngang thu&#7889;c l&#225; hay ami&#259;ng, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i nhi&#7877;m &#273;&#7873;u s&#7869; m&#7855;c ung th&#432;. IARC ph&#226;n nh&#243;m theo &#273;&#7897; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n c&#7911;a b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng nh&#226;n qu&#7843;, kh&#244;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng m&#7913;c nguy hi&#7875;m gi&#7919;a c&#225;c t&#225;c nh&#226;n.</p><p>H. pylori l&#224; m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; nguy c&#417; quan tr&#7885;ng, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i y&#7871;u t&#7889; duy nh&#7845;t. Nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y c&#242;n ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a tu&#7893;i, t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng ni&#234;m m&#7841;c, &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a ch&#7911;ng vi khu&#7849;n, ti&#7873;n s&#7917; gia &#273;&#236;nh, h&#250;t thu&#7889;c, &#259;n nhi&#7873;u mu&#7889;i v&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; y&#7871;u t&#7889; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#225;c.</p><p>Theo GLOBOCAN 2024, Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh c&#243; <strong>12.373 ca ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y m&#7899;i</strong> v&#224; <strong>10.280 ca t&#7917; vong do ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y</strong> trong n&#259;m 2024. Ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y &#273;&#7913;ng th&#7913; n&#259;m v&#7873; s&#7889; ca m&#7855;c m&#7899;i &#7903; c&#7843; hai gi&#7899;i v&#224; &#273;&#7913;ng th&#7913; ba trong c&#225;c nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n t&#7917; vong do ung th&#432; &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i.[2]</p><p>Hai con s&#7889; 12.373 v&#224; 10.280 kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; theo d&#245;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t nh&#243;m b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y, kh&#244;ng th&#7875; l&#7845;y 10.280 chia cho 12.373 &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng &#8220;h&#417;n 80% ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7855;c kh&#244;ng qua kh&#7887;i&#8221;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;c &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh m&#7855;c m&#7899;i v&#224; t&#7917; vong trong c&#249;ng m&#7897;t n&#259;m; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7917; vong n&#259;m 2024 c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p><h2>H. pylori ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c n&#224;o &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam?</h2><p>M&#7897;t t&#7893;ng quan h&#7879; th&#7889;ng v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p c&#244;ng b&#7889; th&#225;ng 5/2026 t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p 25 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, g&#7891;m 8.204 ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n v&#224; 4.641 tr&#7867; em. T&#7927; l&#7879; nhi&#7877;m g&#7897;p l&#224; <strong>58,7% &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n</strong> v&#224; <strong>77,2% &#7903; tr&#7867; em</strong>.[3]</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; n&#224;y cho th&#7845;y H. pylori ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n trong c&#225;c nh&#243;m &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#7885;c ch&#250;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &#273;i&#7873;u tra &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho to&#224;n b&#7897; d&#226;n s&#7889; Vi&#7879;t Nam. M&#7913;c d&#7883; h&#7907;p gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u r&#7845;t cao (<em>I&#178;</em> tr&#234;n 98%); &#273;&#7883;a b&#224;n, l&#7913;a tu&#7893;i, c&#225;ch ch&#7885;n m&#7851;u v&#224; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n hay c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;. Ch&#237;nh c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#361;ng k&#234;u g&#7885;i t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225;m s&#225;t &#273;&#7875; m&#244; t&#7843; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n t&#236;nh h&#236;nh trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng.[3]</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#226;u &#273;&#250;ng l&#224;: <strong>H. pylori c&#243; v&#7867; r&#7845;t ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, nh&#432;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c trong t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m d&#226;n c&#432; v&#7851;n c&#242;n b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</strong> C&#361;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; d&#249;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; &#7903; tr&#7867; em &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng c&#225;c em nhi&#7877;m ch&#7881; v&#236; ng&#7891;i &#259;n chung v&#7899;i gia &#273;&#236;nh.</p><h2>D&#249;ng &#273;&#361;a chung c&#243; l&#224;m l&#226;y H. pylori kh&#244;ng?</h2><p><strong>C&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng g&#243;p ph&#7847;n v&#224;o l&#226;y truy&#7873;n qua &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng mi&#7879;ng&#8211;mi&#7879;ng, nh&#432;ng hi&#7879;n ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho th&#7845;y &#273;&#361;a d&#249;ng chung l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#226;y ch&#237;nh.</strong></p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh kh&#225; r&#245; l&#224; H. pylori c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7853;p trung trong gia &#273;&#236;nh v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7855;c t&#7915; th&#7901;i th&#417; &#7845;u. Trong m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#7899;i 533 ng&#432;&#7901;i thu&#7897;c 135 h&#7897; nhi&#7873;u th&#7871; h&#7879;, t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng nhi&#7877;m &#7903; tr&#7867; c&#243; li&#234;n quan v&#7899;i t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng nhi&#7877;m &#7903; m&#7865;; sau hi&#7879;u ch&#7881;nh, odds nhi&#7877;m &#7903; tr&#7867; cao h&#417;n kho&#7843;ng 2,47 l&#7847;n khi m&#7865; nhi&#7877;m v&#224; 4,14 l&#7847;n khi c&#7843; cha l&#7851;n m&#7865; nhi&#7877;m.[4]</p><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y &#7911;ng h&#7897; hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng l&#226;y trong gia &#273;&#236;nh, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;c &#273;&#361;a l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n truy&#7873;n vi khu&#7849;n. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng c&#249;ng nh&#224; c&#242;n d&#249;ng chung ngu&#7891;n n&#432;&#7899;c, th&#7913;c &#259;n, kh&#244;ng gian v&#7879; sinh v&#224; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ti&#7871;p x&#250;c g&#7847;n kh&#225;c.</p><p>&#272;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n c&#7911;a H&#7897;i Khoa h&#7885;c Ti&#234;u h&#243;a Vi&#7879;t Nam n&#234;u c&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; g&#7891;m mi&#7879;ng&#8211;mi&#7879;ng, ph&#226;n&#8211;mi&#7879;ng v&#224; d&#7909;ng c&#7909; y t&#7871; nhi&#7877;m b&#7849;n. &#272;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n c&#361;ng nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh d&#249;ng chung d&#7909;ng c&#7909; &#259;n c&#243; th&#7875; thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i cho l&#226;y mi&#7879;ng&#8211;mi&#7879;ng, nh&#432;ng vi&#7879;c H. pylori &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mang tr&#234;n &#273;&#361;a <strong>c&#243; l&#7869; r&#7845;t hi&#7871;m</strong>.[5]</p><p>N&#243;i ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n:</p><ul><li><p><strong>B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng:</strong> H. pylori th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#226;y trong gia &#273;&#236;nh, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t t&#7915; m&#7865; ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#259;m s&#243;c sang tr&#7867;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c:</strong> vai tr&#242; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#7911;a &#273;&#361;a chung, ch&#233;n n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7845;m chung hay t&#7915;ng h&#224;nh vi ri&#234;ng l&#7867;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Suy lu&#7853;n h&#7907;p l&#253;:</strong> d&#249;ng mu&#7895;ng g&#7855;p chung, chia n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7845;m, r&#7917;a tay v&#224; kh&#244;ng nhai m&#7899;m th&#7913;c &#259;n cho tr&#7867; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng th&#243;i quen v&#7879; sinh &#237;t t&#7889;n k&#233;m.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u kh&#244;ng n&#234;n n&#243;i:</strong> ch&#7881; c&#7847;n d&#249;ng &#273;&#361;a ri&#234;ng l&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; ng&#259;n H. pylori ho&#7863;c ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y.</p></li></ul><p>Nh&#224; t&#244;i v&#7851;n &#273;&#7863;t mu&#7895;ng g&#7855;p chung v&#224; chia ch&#233;n n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7845;m. T&#244;i xem &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7879; sinh &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;l&#225; ch&#7855;n&#8221; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh ch&#7889;ng ung th&#432;.</p><h2>Di&#7879;t H. pylori c&#243; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y kh&#244;ng?</h2><p><strong>C&#243;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7847;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n.</strong></p><p>M&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p n&#259;m 2025 g&#7891;m t&#225;m th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n v&#7899;i 58.628 ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh nh&#432;ng d&#432;&#417;ng t&#237;nh v&#7899;i H. pylori cho th&#7845;y &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ti&#7879;t tr&#7915; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m <strong>36% nguy c&#417; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i</strong> m&#7855;c ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y so v&#7899;i gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;: RR 0,64; KTC 95% 0,48&#8211;0,84.[6,7]</p><p>&#431;&#7899;c t&#237;nh trung b&#236;nh c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; <strong>228 ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong> &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n m&#7897;t ca ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y m&#7899;i. &#272;&#7875; ng&#259;n m&#7897;t ca t&#7917; vong do ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y, con s&#7889; t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng l&#224; <strong>812 ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong>; nguy c&#417; t&#7917; vong do ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y gi&#7843;m 22% (RR 0,78; KTC 95% 0,62&#8211;0,98).[7]</p><p>Hai con s&#7889; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng m&#226;u thu&#7851;n. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7885;i ca ung th&#432; m&#7899;i &#273;&#7873;u d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n t&#7917; vong trong th&#7901;i gian theo d&#245;i, n&#234;n s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n m&#7897;t ca t&#7917; vong &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n cao h&#417;n s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n m&#7897;t ca m&#7855;c m&#7899;i.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; kh&#244;ng cho th&#7845;y gi&#7843;m t&#7917; vong do m&#7885;i nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n (RR 0,98; KTC 95% 0,87&#8211;1,11).[7] N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, di&#7879;t H. pylori c&#243; l&#7907;i r&#245; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ph&#242;ng ng&#7915;a ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i thu&#7889;c k&#233;o d&#224;i tu&#7893;i th&#7885; cho m&#7885;i nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n.</p><p>C&#361;ng c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng &#8220;gi&#7843;m 36%&#8221;: &#273;&#226;y l&#224; <strong>gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i</strong>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;m 36 &#273;i&#7875;m ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m. L&#7907;i &#237;ch tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o nguy c&#417; ban &#273;&#7847;u, tu&#7893;i, t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng ni&#234;m m&#7841;c, ti&#7873;n s&#7917; gia &#273;&#236;nh v&#224; th&#7901;i gian theo d&#245;i.</p><h2>Tu&#7893;i c&#243; quan tr&#7885;ng kh&#244;ng? C&#243; &#8220;qu&#225; mu&#7897;n &#273;&#7875; di&#7879;t&#8221; &#7903; tu&#7893;i 45 kh&#244;ng?</h2><p>Tu&#7893;i c&#243; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c l&#7907;i &#237;ch, nh&#432;ng <strong>kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;nh c&#7917;a &#273;&#243;ng s&#7853;p &#7903; tu&#7893;i 45</strong>.</p><p>Th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n theo c&#7909;m t&#7841;i Linqu, t&#7881;nh S&#417;n &#272;&#244;ng, Trung Qu&#7889;c &#8212; v&#249;ng c&#243; nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y r&#7845;t cao &#8212; theo d&#245;i 180.284 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 25 &#273;&#7871;n 54 tu&#7893;i trong kho&#7843;ng 11,8 n&#259;m. Theo ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;, nh&#243;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; H. pylori gi&#7843;m 14% nguy c&#417; m&#7855;c ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y (HR 0,86; KTC 95% 0,74&#8211;0,99). &#7902; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#7879;t tr&#7915; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m l&#224; 19% (HR 0,81; KTC 95% 0,69&#8211;0,96).[8]</p><p>Trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#432;&#7899;i nh&#243;m, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#432;&#7899;i 45 tu&#7893;i ti&#7879;t tr&#7915; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m 35% v&#7873; m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh v&#224; 43% v&#7873; t&#7917; vong do ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y.[7,8] K&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;y g&#7907;i &#253; r&#7857;ng &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; s&#7899;m c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;em l&#7841;i l&#7907;i &#237;ch l&#7899;n h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; 45 tu&#7893;i tr&#7903; l&#234;n kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7907;i. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#432;&#7899;i nh&#243;m trong m&#7897;t v&#249;ng nguy c&#417; cao c&#7911;a Trung Qu&#7889;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng sinh h&#7885;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng cho m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>B&#225;o c&#225;o IARC c&#242;n nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng hi&#7879;n c&#243; kh&#244;ng &#7911;ng h&#7897; m&#7897;t &#8220;&#273;i&#7875;m kh&#244;ng th&#7875; quay l&#7841;i&#8221; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ung th&#432; &#273;&#227; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n. Ngay c&#7843; sau khi ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y s&#7899;m &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7855;t qua n&#7897;i soi, ti&#7879;t tr&#7915; H. pylori v&#7851;n l&#224;m gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n ung th&#432; m&#7899;i &#7903; ph&#7847;n d&#7841; d&#224;y c&#242;n l&#7841;i.[7]</p><p>Th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p &#273;&#250;ng l&#224;: <strong>ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; s&#7899;m th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; l&#7907;i h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng tu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#227; v&#244; &#237;ch.</strong> Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; c&#243; teo ni&#234;m m&#7841;c, d&#7883; s&#7843;n ru&#7897;t ho&#7863;c lo&#7841;n s&#7843;n v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7847;n theo d&#245;i n&#7897;i soi sau khi di&#7879;t khu&#7849;n th&#224;nh c&#244;ng.[5]</p><h2>N&#7871;u m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i nhi&#7877;m, c&#243; n&#234;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m c&#7843; gia &#273;&#236;nh kh&#244;ng?</h2><p>H. pylori c&#243; t&#237;nh t&#7853;p trung trong gia &#273;&#236;nh, n&#234;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i h&#7907;p l&#253; &#8212; nh&#432;ng c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng l&#224; &#8220;c&#7843; nh&#224; c&#249;ng u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c&#8221;.</p><p>M&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p 12 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u so s&#225;nh c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; theo h&#7897; gia &#273;&#236;nh v&#7899;i ch&#7881; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n nhi&#7877;m cho th&#7845;y:</p><ul><li><p>odds ti&#7879;t tr&#7915; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng cao h&#417;n &#7903; nh&#243;m theo h&#7897; gia &#273;&#236;nh: OR 2,93; KTC 95% 1,68&#8211;5,13;</p></li><li><p>odds t&#225;i ph&#225;t ho&#7863;c t&#225;i nhi&#7877;m th&#7845;p h&#417;n: OR 0,30; KTC 95% 0,19&#8211;0,48.[9]</p></li></ul><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;y &#7911;ng h&#7897; vi&#7879;c <strong>c&#226;n nh&#7855;c</strong> ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n theo gia &#273;&#236;nh. N&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ri&#234;ng ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; t&#225;i nhi&#7877;m, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a m&#7885;i th&#224;nh vi&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng kh&#225;ng sinh. Tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#7871;t ph&#7843;i x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m; ch&#7881; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#249; h&#7907;p m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;.</p><p>M&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh vi m&#244; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u gia &#273;&#236;nh t&#7915; 29 t&#7881;nh Trung Qu&#7889;c k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n s&#224;ng l&#7885;c theo gia &#273;&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m chi ph&#237; v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh Trung Qu&#7889;c.[10] &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh t&#7871;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam; kh&#244;ng n&#234;n bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n v&#7873; chi ph&#237;&#8211;hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; cho Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>Tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, n&#234;n h&#7887;i b&#225;c s&#297; v&#7873; x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng c&#249;ng nh&#224; khi c&#243; m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; nh&#432;: nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i trong nh&#224; c&#249;ng d&#432;&#417;ng t&#237;nh, nhi&#7877;m t&#225;i di&#7877;n, c&#243; tr&#7867; nh&#7887;, ho&#7863;c c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n b&#7853;c m&#7897;t m&#7855;c ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y. IARC c&#361;ng cho r&#7857;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh theo gia &#273;&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;n nh&#7855;c cho th&#226;n nh&#226;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i nhi&#7877;m H. pylori ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7855;c ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y.[7]</p><h2>IARC n&#259;m 2026 th&#7921;c s&#7921; khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</h2><p>C&#7847;n t&#225;ch hai m&#7889;c th&#7901;i gian:</p><ul><li><p><strong>N&#259;m 2025:</strong> IARC xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n <em>Working Group Report No. 12</em> h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;ch tri&#7875;n khai ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh s&#224;ng l&#7885;c&#8211;v&#224;&#8211;&#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; H. pylori &#7903; c&#7845;p d&#226;n s&#7889;.[7]</p></li><li><p><strong>Th&#225;ng 3/2026:</strong> nh&#243;m chuy&#234;n gia IARC &#273;&#259;ng b&#224;i t&#243;m l&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; tr&#234;n <em>The New England Journal of Medicine</em>.[11]</p></li></ul><p>Nh&#243;m chuy&#234;n gia &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; coi ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh s&#224;ng l&#7885;c&#8211;v&#224;&#8211;&#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#7903; c&#7845;p d&#226;n s&#7889; l&#224; &#432;u ti&#234;n y t&#7871; c&#244;ng c&#7897;ng t&#7841;i khu v&#7921;c c&#243; nguy c&#417; t&#7915; trung b&#236;nh &#273;&#7871;n cao, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#224;i <em>NEJM</em> &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7855;c ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y chu&#7849;n h&#243;a theo tu&#7893;i <strong>t&#7915; 10 ca/100.000 ng&#432;&#7901;i-n&#259;m tr&#7903; l&#234;n</strong>. &#7902; n&#417;i c&#243; t&#7927; l&#7879; th&#7845;p h&#417;n, c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n nh&#7855;m v&#224;o nh&#243;m nguy c&#417; v&#7915;a v&#224; cao th&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n.[11]</p><p>GLOBOCAN 2024 &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7855;c chu&#7849;n h&#243;a theo tu&#7893;i c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;t Nam &#7903; c&#7843; hai gi&#7899;i l&#224; <strong>9,8/100.000 ng&#432;&#7901;i-n&#259;m</strong> &#8212; ngay d&#432;&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7905;ng n&#224;y; g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i cao h&#417;n.[2] Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; s&#7889; &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh qu&#7889;c gia d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; ung th&#432; d&#432;&#7899;i c&#7845;p qu&#7889;c gia &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngo&#7841;i suy cho d&#226;n s&#7889;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ranh quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh cho t&#7915;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;i t&#7915; con s&#7889; 9,8 &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#8220;Vi&#7879;t Nam ph&#7843;i s&#224;ng l&#7885;c &#273;&#7841;i tr&#224; ngay&#8221;, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#8220;Vi&#7879;t Nam kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n l&#224;m g&#236;&#8221;. IARC y&#234;u c&#7847;u &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#234;m t&#7927; l&#7879; nhi&#7877;m, kh&#225;ng kh&#225;ng sinh, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m&#8211;&#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;, ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c theo d&#245;i v&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m nguy c&#417; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tri&#7875;n khai ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh.[7,11]</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; &#7903; <strong>c&#7845;p ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch</strong>. Quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7897;t c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#243; n&#234;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m hay kh&#244;ng v&#7851;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng, b&#7879;nh s&#7917; v&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; nguy c&#417;.</p><h2>&#272;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7885;c xong r&#7891;i ra ti&#7879;m thu&#7889;c mua kh&#225;ng sinh</h2><p>&#272;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n chuy&#234;n m&#244;n Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; kh&#225;ng clarithromycin v&#224; metronidazole nguy&#234;n ph&#225;t &#7903; m&#7913;c r&#7845;t cao; c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7913;c l&#234;n t&#7899;i 34,1% v&#224; 69,4%. Kh&#225;ng amoxicillin, levofloxacin v&#224; &#273;a kh&#225;ng c&#361;ng &#273;ang l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#225;ng lo.[5]</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, m&#7897;t &#273;&#417;n thu&#7889;c t&#7915;ng c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i b&#7841;n. Ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; c&#242;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o ti&#7873;n s&#7917; d&#249;ng kh&#225;ng sinh, d&#7883; &#7913;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;, t&#236;nh h&#236;nh kh&#225;ng thu&#7889;c t&#7841;i &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng v&#224; b&#7879;nh k&#232;m theo.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng kh&#244;ng k&#233;m l&#224; <strong>ki&#7875;m tra &#273;&#227; ti&#7879;t tr&#7915; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng hay ch&#432;a</strong>. &#272;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n Vi&#7879;t Nam khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; ki&#7875;m tra l&#7841;i cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n n&#7897;i soi l&#7841;i, test h&#417;i th&#7903; ure l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#432;u ti&#234;n; test kh&#225;ng nguy&#234;n ph&#226;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n thay th&#7871; trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh.[5]</p><p>Vi&#7879;c ki&#7875;m tra th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#237;t nh&#7845;t b&#7889;n tu&#7847;n sau khi k&#7871;t th&#250;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;. &#272;&#7875; gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; &#226;m t&#237;nh gi&#7843;, h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n y&#234;u c&#7847;u kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng kh&#225;ng sinh ho&#7863;c bismuth trong b&#7889;n tu&#7847;n v&#224; kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c &#7913;c ch&#7871; b&#417;m proton trong hai tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m &#8212; nh&#432;ng vi&#7879;c t&#7841;m ng&#432;ng thu&#7889;c n&#234;n theo h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;.[5,7]</p><h2>C&#226;u h&#7887;i th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</h2><h3>Ai n&#234;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m H. pylori?</h3><p>Theo &#273;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n Vi&#7879;t Nam, c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#243; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; g&#7891;m ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; ho&#7863;c t&#7915;ng b&#7883; lo&#233;t d&#7841; d&#224;y&#8211;t&#225; tr&#224;ng ch&#432;a x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m, kh&#243; ti&#234;u ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;, t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7873;n ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y, sau c&#7855;t n&#7897;i soi ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y s&#7899;m, u lympho MALT d&#7841; d&#224;y &#273;&#7897; th&#7845;p v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#226;n nh&#226;n b&#7853;c m&#7897;t m&#7855;c ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y. M&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p d&#249;ng NSAID, aspirin d&#224;i h&#7841;n, thi&#7871;u m&#225;u thi&#7871;u s&#7855;t kh&#244;ng r&#245; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n ho&#7863;c nhu c&#7847;u &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;c s&#297; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ri&#234;ng.[5]</p><h3>Test n&#224;o ph&#249; h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n H. pylori?</h3><p>Khi kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n n&#7897;i soi, test h&#417;i th&#7903; ure th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n kh&#244;ng x&#226;m l&#7845;n &#432;u ti&#234;n. Test kh&#225;ng nguy&#234;n ph&#226;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n nhi&#7877;m &#273;ang ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng. X&#233;t nghi&#7879;m kh&#225;ng th&#7875; trong m&#225;u c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7851;n d&#432;&#417;ng t&#237;nh sau khi vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#227; h&#7871;t, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n ti&#7879;t tr&#7915;.[5,7]</p><h3>C&#243; c&#7847;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m c&#7843; nh&#224; khi m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#432;&#417;ng t&#237;nh kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng c&#7847;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#7841;i tr&#224; c&#7843; nh&#224;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, v&#236; H. pylori th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7853;p trung trong gia &#273;&#236;nh, n&#234;n trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i b&#225;c s&#297; v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng c&#249;ng nh&#224; l&#224; h&#7907;p l&#253;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi c&#243; nhi&#7877;m t&#225;i di&#7877;n ho&#7863;c ti&#7873;n s&#7917; ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y trong gia &#273;&#236;nh.[7,9]</p><h3>Tr&#7867; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh c&#243; n&#234;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m ch&#7881; v&#236; trong nh&#224; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i nhi&#7877;m kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#432;a m&#7885;i tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng &#273;i s&#224;ng l&#7885;c ho&#7863;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;. IARC nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c s&#224;ng l&#7885;c&#8211;v&#224;&#8211;&#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#7903; tr&#7867; em, thanh thi&#7871;u ni&#234;n kh&#244;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c l&#7853;p. N&#7871;u tr&#7867; c&#243; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng, b&#7879;nh l&#253; d&#7841; d&#224;y&#8211;t&#225; tr&#224;ng ho&#7863;c ti&#7873;n s&#7917; gia &#273;&#236;nh &#273;&#225;ng lo, cha m&#7865; n&#234;n trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i b&#225;c s&#297; ti&#234;u h&#243;a nhi thay v&#236; t&#7921; l&#224;m x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m v&#224; mua thu&#7889;c.[7]</p><h3>Sau &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; c&#243; c&#7847;n ki&#7875;m tra l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>C&#243;. Kh&#244;ng h&#7871;t tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7879;t tr&#7915;, v&#224; h&#7871;t tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng. &#272;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n Vi&#7879;t Nam khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng H. pylori sau &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#7903; t&#7845;t c&#7843; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n.[5]</p><h3>D&#249;ng mu&#7895;ng g&#7855;p chung v&#224; ch&#233;n n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7845;m ri&#234;ng c&#243; gi&#250;p ph&#242;ng H. pylori kh&#244;ng?</h3><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; th&#243;i quen v&#7879; sinh h&#7907;p l&#253;, &#237;t t&#7889;n k&#233;m v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;m trao &#273;&#7893;i n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7885;t trong b&#7919;a &#259;n. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p cho ph&#233;p kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh ri&#234;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i n&#224;y s&#7869; ng&#259;n H. pylori ho&#7863;c ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y. &#272;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7875; chi&#7871;c &#273;&#361;a l&#7845;n &#225;t nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng m&#7841;nh h&#417;n: x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh, &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#250;ng ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; v&#224; ki&#7875;m tra ti&#7879;t tr&#7915;.</p><h2>Gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng</h2><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7847;n kh&#244;ng n&#234;n b&#7887; qua:</p><ol><li><p><strong>T&#7927; l&#7879; nhi&#7877;m t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i s&#7889; &#273;o &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n ho&#224;n h&#7843;o cho to&#224;n qu&#7889;c.</strong> Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p n&#259;m 2026 c&#243; d&#7883; h&#7907;p r&#7845;t cao v&#224; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m d&#226;n c&#432;, &#273;&#7883;a b&#224;n v&#224; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh tuy&#7875;n m&#7851;u kh&#225;c nhau.[3]</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ph&#242;ng ng&#7915;a ung th&#432; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; ch&#226;u &#193; v&#224; c&#225;c khu v&#7921;c nguy c&#417; cao.</strong> M&#7913;c gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#225; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, nh&#432;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#224; s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#225;c.[6&#8211;8]</p></li><li><p><strong>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; theo tu&#7893;i trong th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m S&#417;n &#272;&#244;ng l&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#432;&#7899;i nh&#243;m.</strong> N&#243; g&#7907;i &#253; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; s&#7899;m c&#243; l&#7907;i h&#417;n, kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o ra m&#7889;c &#8220;h&#7871;t c&#417; h&#7897;i&#8221; &#7903; tu&#7893;i 45.[7,8]</p></li><li><p><strong>B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; theo gia &#273;&#236;nh ch&#432;a &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7841;i tr&#224;.</strong> C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#225;c nhau v&#7873; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; v&#224; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u chi ph&#237;&#8211;hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; n&#259;m 2024 ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#7915; Trung Qu&#7889;c.[9,10]</p></li><li><p><strong>L&#226;y trong gia &#273;&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;&#361;a chung l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng l&#226;y ch&#237;nh.</strong> C&#225;c th&#224;nh vi&#234;n c&#242;n chia s&#7867; nhi&#7873;u ph&#417;i nhi&#7877;m v&#224; ti&#7871;p x&#250;c kh&#225;c; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng h&#224;nh vi ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n.[4,5]</p></li><li><p><strong>S&#7889; li&#7879;u GLOBOCAN l&#224; &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng d&#226;n s&#7889;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7889;ng c&#242;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#273;o&#224;n h&#7879; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n.</strong> Kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng s&#7889; ca t&#7917; vong chia cho s&#7889; ca m&#7855;c m&#7899;i c&#249;ng n&#259;m &#273;&#7875; suy ra x&#225;c su&#7845;t t&#7917; vong c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh.[2]</p></li></ol><h2>&#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i sau khi &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i n&#224;y</h2><p>M&#226;m c&#417;m kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh n&#417;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#236;n nhau b&#7857;ng s&#7921; nghi ng&#7841;i. C&#243; mu&#7895;ng g&#7855;p chung, chia ch&#233;n n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7845;m, r&#7917;a tay tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#259;n v&#224; kh&#244;ng nhai m&#7899;m th&#7913;c &#259;n cho tr&#7867; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, h&#7907;p v&#7879; sinh v&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m b&#7919;a c&#417;m m&#7845;t &#273;i s&#7921; g&#7847;n g&#361;i.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n n&#7857;m ngo&#224;i m&#226;m c&#417;m:</p><ul><li><p>&#273;&#7915;ng t&#7921; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n b&#7857;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng;</p></li><li><p>&#273;&#7915;ng t&#7921; mua kh&#225;ng sinh;</p></li><li><p>n&#7871;u c&#243; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh, h&#227;y x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m b&#7857;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#249; h&#7907;p;</p></li><li><p>n&#7871;u d&#432;&#417;ng t&#237;nh, &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; theo b&#225;c s&#297; v&#224; ki&#7875;m tra l&#7841;i sau &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;;</p></li><li><p>n&#7871;u &#273;&#227; c&#243; teo ni&#234;m m&#7841;c, d&#7883; s&#7843;n ru&#7897;t, lo&#7841;n s&#7843;n ho&#7863;c ti&#7873;n s&#7917; ung th&#432; d&#7841; d&#224;y s&#7899;m, ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c theo d&#245;i n&#7897;i soi theo k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch.</p></li></ul><p>Chi&#7871;c &#273;&#361;a chung l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i d&#7877; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y. H. pylori, kh&#225;ng thu&#7889;c v&#224; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng ni&#234;m m&#7841;c m&#7899;i l&#224; ph&#7847;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7917; l&#253; b&#7857;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng.</p><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t cung c&#7845;p th&#244;ng tin s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e chung, kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n ho&#7863;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;.</em></p><div><hr></div><h2>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</h2><ol><li><p>International Agency for Research on Cancer. <em>Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori</em>. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 61. Lyon: IARC; 1994. <a href="https://monographs.iarc.who.int/monographs-available/">IARC Monographs</a></p></li><li><p>Ervik M, Laversanne M, Lam F, Colombet M, Ferlay J, Filho AM, Bray F. <em>Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today &#8212; Viet Nam fact sheet</em>. GLOBOCAN 2024 estimates, version 1.0. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2026. Truy c&#7853;p ng&#224;y 28/8/2026. <a href="https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/704-viet-nam-fact-sheet.pdf">Viet Nam fact sheet (PDF)</a></p></li><li><p>Nguyen VK, Duc TQ, Le VA, et al. Burden of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> infection in children and adults in Vietnam: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence. <em>Medicine (Baltimore)</em>. 2026;105(22). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000049030">10.1097/MD.0000000000049030</a>. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42216345/">42216345</a></p></li><li><p>Nguyen VB, Nguyen GK, Phung DC, et al. Intra-familial transmission of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> infection in children of households with multiple generations in Vietnam. <em>Eur J Epidemiol</em>. 2006;21(6):459&#8211;463. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-006-9016-y">10.1007/s10654-006-9016-y</a>. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16826451/">16826451</a></p></li><li><p>Quach DT, Vilaichone RK, Vu KV, et al. Vietnam Association of Gastroenterology (VNAGE) consensus on the management of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> infection. <em>Front Med (Lausanne)</em>. 2023;9:1065045. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1065045">10.3389/fmed.2022.1065045</a></p></li><li><p>Ford AC, Yuan Y, Park JY, Forman D, Moayyedi P. Eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer in <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>-positive individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. <em>Gastroenterology</em>. 2025;169(2):261&#8211;276. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.033">10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.033</a>. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39824392/">39824392</a></p></li><li><p>Park JY, editor. <em>Population-Based Helicobacter pylori Screen-and-Treat Strategies for Gastric Cancer Prevention: Guidance on Implementation</em>. IARC Working Group Reports No. 12. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2025. ISBN 978-92-832-4528-5. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK615777/">To&#224;n v&#259;n tr&#234;n NCBI Bookshelf</a></p></li><li><p>Pan KF, Li WQ, Zhang L, et al. Gastric cancer prevention by community eradication of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. <em>Nat Med</em>. 2024;30(11):3250&#8211;3260. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03153-w">10.1038/s41591-024-03153-w</a>. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39079993/">39079993</a></p></li><li><p>Zhao JB, Yuan L, Yu XC, et al. Whole family-based <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> eradication is a superior strategy to single-infected patient treatment approach: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <em>Helicobacter</em>. 2021;26(3). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.12793">10.1111/hel.12793</a>. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33675089/">33675089</a></p></li><li><p>Ma Y, Zhou X, Liu Y, et al. An economic evaluation of family-based versus traditional <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> screen-and-treat strategy: based on real-world data and microsimulation model. <em>Helicobacter</em>. 2024;29(4). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.13123">10.1111/hel.13123</a>. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39108224/">39108224</a></p></li><li><p>Park JY, Lee YC, Moayyedi P, et al. <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> screen-and-treat programs for gastric cancer prevention &#8212; IARC Working Group Report. <em>N Engl J Med</em>. 2026;394(11):1131&#8211;1137. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb2515372">10.1056/NEJMsb2515372</a>. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41812202/">41812202</a></p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>